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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

[Psychologic regression in patients treated in an intesnsive care unit (author's transl)].

Regression occurs frequently in patients in Resuscitation Units. It is a desirable phenomenon so far as it leads to better acceptance of the treatment by patients, yet it can be harmful since it may lengthen the course of illness. Thirty patients were studied via a questionaire centered around six main points. The results and their correlation with the degree of regression are reported. Regression leading to a worsening of the course of illness, may have its origin in the patient himself or in the treatment team. Training of the latter would mainly aim to establish a treatment team - patient relationship fostering autonomy as early as possible.

Anxiety↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Psychological regression and marital status: determinants in psychiatric management of burn victims.

Major burn trauma is ordinarily associated with psychological regression, which regularly assumes either an immature, dependent (childlike), or primitive (animal-like) form. Also, the severely burned patient is exquisitely responsive, both constructively and destructively, to behavioral nuances in his or her "significant other," typically, the spouse. Two variables, type of regression and marital status, provide an empirically derived rationale for the psychiatric treatment of behavioral problems affecting patient management, including especially (1) pain-related behavior, (2) intrusive reexperiencing of the trauma, (3) depletion/despair phenomena, and (4) problems related to scarring. Results are more favorable when regression is of the dependent type rather than primitive type. Treatment is enhanced when the partner in a committed relationship is included in the treatment program.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Exploring function estimators as an alternative to regression in psychology.

Most forms of regression analysis make assumptions about the relationships between the variables being modeled. As a consequence, it can be difficult to know which form of analysis is most appropriate for a given data set. In this article, we explore the idea that function estimators might provide a better alternative in many situations. Function estimators discover the best function to link dependent and independent variables, no matter what form this takes. Four studies demonstrate that one type of function estimator (a neural network) not only performs the same tasks as linear regression and nonlinear regression, but often performs these tasks better and with more flexibility. Moreover, neural networks allow a useful secondary analysis in which useful groups of people can be identified. We recommend that function estimators be used in preference to regression-based techniques for many analyses. The Matlab script used to write this article may be downloaded from www.psychonomic.org/archive/.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1952

New vistas in psychosomatic medicine.

Further understanding in the field of psychosomatic medicine has come to light recently as the result of new approaches and methods of research. Such diseases as hypertension, ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, peptic ulcer, diabetes and cardiovascular dysfunction may represent the body's method of adapting to chronic stress, according to Selye's concept of the general adaptation syndrome, with the phases of alarm, resistance and exhaustion. It has been postulated that unconscious dynamics of which patients are unaware are crucial in the understanding and interpretation of physiological research and therapy of patients with psychosomatic disorders. The concept of partial regression was applicable to patients with psychosomatic illness who were highly successful in social, economic and professional spheres. The illness was viewed as a protection against psychological regression by limited somatic regression. Pilot studies suggested that patients seriously ill with such disorders as ulcerative colitis and asthma responded favorably to enforced psychological regression and exploitation of dependency by excessive coddling, babying and mothering by an "all-giving" physician in a hospital setting. Good physician-patient relationship remains the keystone in therapy and is the common denominator to many so-called successful modes of treatment.

Asthma↗
PubMed1983

Psychiatric aspects of hepatic transplantation.

We conducted formal psychiatric evaluations and extensive chart reviews in a series of 34 patients surviving an average of 5 1/4 years after hepatic transplantation. Seven of 14 children and 19 of 20 adults exhibited obvious psychiatric disturbances before the operation. (There was not time to evaluate another 5 children and a sixth was an infant; one adult arrived in hepatic coma.) All patients experienced psychiatric problems postoperatively. Organic brain syndromes and apprehensiveness were the most common preoperative problems in pediatric patients, and problems in relationships with family members, anxiety, regression, and helplessness were most common after surgery. In adults, organic brain syndromes, anxiety, and depression were the most common preoperative and postoperative problems. While psychosocial disturbances in liver transplant recipients were similar in many respects to those of the more well-studied kidney homograft patients, a number of important differences emerged: organic brain syndromes, fear of death, severe regression (psychological functioning appropriate to a younger age), worries that a suitable donor would not be found in time, and insomnia were more common, and concerns about the origin of the homograft and about changes in body image were relatively rare postoperatively. These differences seem to be related to the severity of liver disease requiring transplantation, the effects of the illness on the brain, the lack of an alternative means of life support resulting in greater prominence of concerns about survival, the exclusive use of cadaver rather than living donors, and the greater effect of the illness than of its treatment on physical appearance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Capgras' syndrome: a synthesis of various viewpoints.

The authors review the literature on Capgras' Syndrome and note that there has been little attempt to integrate the various etiological theories into a cohesive synthesis which accounts for both the organic and the psychodynamic theories. It is proposed that Capgras' Syndrome represents a nonspecific symptom of regression to an early developmental stage characterized by archaic modes of thought, resulting from a relative activation of primitive brain centres. Thus, either psychological regression alone or organic disorders that compromise higher cerebral functioning may result in Capgras' Syndrome. Two cases are presented for discussion and elaboration of these concepts.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Character defenses and biofeedback. The problems of symptom chronicity and symptom removal.

One aspect of biofeedback treatment with chronically incapacitated persons concerns their resistance to getting better. In effect, the removal of their symptom is equivalent to undercutting a characteristic way of relating to themselves and to the world, and hence, is opposed. Even though many biofeedback procedures are impressively effective, the therapist must watch for another symptom reemerging in the place of the older somatic complaint, or for psychologically regressive attempts to preserve one's character defenses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Influence of the use of a video device for monitoring and visits on psychologic relations between patients, families and medical staff in an intensive care unit (author's transl)].

The use of a video device for monitoring and familial visits in a medical intensive care unit has various effects on psychologic relations between the patient, his family and the medical staff. Such a device is used since 1972 in Lille and has concerned more than 10,000 patients. On one hand, the monitoring of the patient is facilitated. His dependence to the staff is enhanced and allows a better taking of responsibility from the nurses and a good adhesion to the cares. At last, the video device gives to the patient and his family a real feeling of security during the early phase of the hospitalization. On the other hand, and particularly after this early phase, the use of a video device has deleterious effects on the psychologic relations of the patient with his family: enhancement of the psychologic regression, creation of an additional agression which jeopardizes the restoration of normal relations after attempt of suicide or prolonged artificial ventilation. This underlines the need for a real psychologic management of the video device in the reception of the families and the frequency of the relations with the medical staff.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Psychiatric disorders in intensive care units].

The diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric disorders in intensive care patients have been for a long time neglected. They are nowadays better recognized and managed. These disorders are mainly: delirium; anxiety disorders, from simple anxiety to panic disorder with agitation; adaptation disorders with depressive mood; brief psychotic disorders with persecution ideas. The manifestations of psychiatric disorders occur not only during the stay in intensive care unit (ICU) but also after transfer from ICU and several months after discharge from hospital. Part of psychiatric disorders is caused by organic or toxic causes (metabolic disturbances, electrolyte imbalance, withdrawal syndromes, infection, vascular disorders and head trauma). Nevertheless some authors estimate that they are due to the particular environment of ICU. The particularities of these units are: a high sound level (noise level average between 50 and 60 dBA), the absence of normal day-night cycle, a sleep deprivation, a sensory deprivation, the inability for intubated patients to talk, the pain provoked by some medical procedures, the possibility to witness other patients' death. Although most patients feel secure in ICU, some of them perceive ICU's environment as threatening. Simple environmental modifications could prevent the apparition of some psychiatric manifestations: efforts should be made to decrease noise generated by equipment and staff conversations, to provide external windows, visible clocks and calendar, to ensure adequate sleep with normal day-night cycle and to encourage more human contact. Psychotropic drugs are useful but a warm and empathetic attitude can be very helpful. Some authors described specific psychotherapeutic interventions in ICU (hypnosis, coping strategies.). To face anxiety, many patients have defense attitudes as psychological regression and denial. Patient's family is suffering too. Relative's hospitalization causes a crisis in family. Unpredicted illnesses often force family members to reorganize in order to regain their equilibrium. Every family should be proposed a psychological support. Caregivers can be distressed as well. This stress is due to their high responsibility and the fact that they face disease and death. Simple measures can lessen stress'effect and prevent the burn-out syndrome . In conclusion, the importance of a liaison psychiatrist-intensive care physician collaboration must be emphasized in order that patients and their family have a better psychological support. Psychological management should be proposed during the hospitalization and after discharge from hospital.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1987

Prediction of stroke rehabilitation outcome from psychologic screening.

A psychologic screening battery, including assessment of perceptuomotor, attentional, memory, and emotional functioning, was presented to 134 patients at initiation of stroke rehabilitation. Significant differences in performance on tests based on side of involvement of stroke were noted. Poorer performance on sensory suppression errors and motor persistence score was found for individuals with left-side involvement and the opposite for word fluency score. Examining subjects with left- and right-side involvement separately using stepwise multiple regression, psychologic tests were able to account for 55% and 42%, respectively, of the variance in discharge outcome, as measured by the Barthel Index. Accounting for variance associated with change in Barthel Index score during rehabilitation proved more difficult, with R2 values of 0.14 and 0.07, respectively. Motor persistence score and half-hour recall proved to be the strongest of the psychologic tests in predicting rehabilitation outcome.

Adult↗