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PubMed2026

Non-linear predictive modeling and comprehensive meta-analysis of rectal temperature in Santa Inês sheep: a systematic review of thermal challenges and biometerological trends.

A systematic and bibliometric review, combined with a meta-analysis, was used to adjust an equation for estimating the physiological responses of Santa Inês sheep subjected to different thermal challenges. The systematic review compiled data on physiological responses and the thermal environment, which were then used in the meta-analysis to adjust regression models. The bibliometric analysis mapped the relationships among studies, highlighting their usefulness in interpreting research findings and biases. Addressing prior methodological critiques, the core of this study involves replacing the linear approach with a non-linear segmented regression model to accurately define the Thermal Neutral Zone (TNZ). The Segmented Regression Model was crucial, establishing the upper limit of the Thermal Neutral Zone (TNZ) at an air temperature (tair) of 34.64 °C, where trectal begins to increase abruptly. The model, while identifying a biologically significant breakpoint, exhibited a moderate Multiple R-squared of 0.3529, highlighting the high heterogeneity and methodological variability in the current Santa Inês literature. This non-linear approach offers a biologically superior tool for identifying the onset of thermal distress.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Potential Links Between Physiological and Perceptual Strain in High Heat Stress.

The physiological strain index (PhSI) is widely used to quantify thermoregulatory and cardiovascular strain during heat stress. However, direct physiological measurements may not always be feasible in occupational or athletic settings. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the relationship and agreement between perceptual strain and integrated physiological strain indices during high heat stress. Ten healthy, physically active, non-heat-acclimated males (29 (7) yr; 1.79 (0.11) m; 77.4 (9.3) kg) completed two randomized crossover exercise trials in hot-dry (HD) and warm-humid (WH) environments with equivalent wet-bulb globe temperatures. Heart rate, rectal temperature, skin temperature, rating of perceived exertion, and thermal sensation were measured at baseline and every 15 minutes during 60 minutes of cycling. Physiological strain index (PhSI), adaptive physiological strain index (aPhSI), and perceptual strain index (PeSI) were calculated using validated equations. Repeated-measures correlation analyses demonstrated very strong associations between PeSI and both PhSI and aPhSI under HD (Rrm = 0.940-0.943) and WH (Rrm = 0.980-0.982; all p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic analyses demonstrated good-to-excellent discrimination of physiological strain by PeSI (AUC = 0.895-0.969). Mixed-effects analyses showed that higher PeSI values were associated with increased PhSI (β = 1.325, p < 0.001) and aPhSI (β = 1.459, p < 0.001). However, Bland-Altman analyses demonstrated relatively small mean biases (0.4-0.9 AU) but wide limits of agreement (-2.8 to 4.2 AU), indicating that PeSI and physiological strain indices are not interchangeable. These findings suggest that PeSI may serve as a practical adjunctive or screening indicator of physiological strain when direct physiological measurements are unavailable.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Intersphincteric resection versus abdominoperineal resection for lower rectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The optimal surgical approach for lower rectal cancer (LRC) remains debated, particularly between intersphincteric resection (ISR) and abdominoperineal resection (APR). While ISR offers potential sphincter preservation, its oncological efficacy compared to APR is unclear. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted to compare clinical and oncological outcomes of ISR versus APR in LRC patients. On December 8, 2024, a comprehensive search of Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science identified 24 retrospective studies involving 4502 patients. Key outcomes analyzed included positive circumferential resection margin (CRM), number of harvested lymph nodes (LNs), local recurrence (LR), length of hospital stay (LOS), early postoperative complications, and survival. RESULTS: Twenty-four retrospective studies involving 4502 patients (ISR: 2266 (50.3%) and APR: 1558 (34.6%)) met the eligibility criteria. ISR was associated with significantly lower rates of positive CRM (risk ratio (RR): 0.41, p < 0.001), decreased early postoperative complications (RR: 0.76, p < 0.001), lower LR (RR: 0.63, p = 0.0038), and improvement in five-year overall survival (5YOS) (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.42, p < 0.001) and five-year disease-free survival (5YDFS) (HR = 0.59, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: ISR demonstrates several advantages over APR in selected LRC patients, including lower rates of positive CRM, fewer early postoperative complications, reduced LR, greater LN harvest, shorter LOS, and improved long-term survival outcomes (5YOS and 5YDFS). Therefore, ISR can be considered a safe and effective alternative to APR in appropriately chosen patients, with careful patient selection and surgical expertise remaining essential.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Outcomes of Response-Based Watch-and-Wait and Surgical Management After Total Neoadjuvant Therapy for Rectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

BackgroundTotal neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) increases clinical complete response rates in locally advanced rectal cancer (RC), allowing response-based management strategies such as watch-and-wait (WW) as an alternative to total mesorectal excision (TME). Outcomes associated with WW after TNT remain incompletely defined. This study aimed to compare oncologic and organ-preservation outcomes between WW and surgical management following TNT.MethodsA systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Central up to April 2025. Observational studies comparing WW and TME following TNT were included. Pooled odds ratios (ORs), hazard ratios (HRs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed with I2 statistics. Secondary outcomes included tumor regrowth, salvage surgery, and permanent stoma. Risk of bias was evaluated using ROBINS-I.ResultsSix studies comprising 793 patients were analyzed. WW showed no significant difference compared with TME regarding local recurrence (OR 1.36, 95% CI 0.07-26.17; I2 = 80%), distant metastases (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.29-1.33; I2 = 49%), 5-year disease-free survival (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.71-1.31; I2 = 51.7%), or overall survival (HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.81-1.30; I2 = 27.9%). Permanent stoma rates were lower with WW (OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.01-1.23; I2 = 71%), becoming significant after sensitivity analysis (OR 0.04, 95% CI 0.01-0.19).ConclusionWW after TNT offers oncologic outcomes comparable to TME, with high organ preservation and reduced surgical morbidity in highly selected patients.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Risk factors associated with urinary tract infection within 4 days of male rectal cancer surgery in the era of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programs.

BACKGROUND: Bladder drainage is systematically used in rectal cancer surgery in male patients, even in the era of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS). However, little data is available on risk factors for urinary tract infection (UTI). Identifying the risk factors associated with UTI within 4 days of male rectal cancer surgery in an ERAS program could support more individualized decision-making. METHODS: We used data from the GRECCAR 10 randomized clinical trial, a comparison of outcomes of transurethral catheterization (TUC) or suprapubic catheterization (SPC). 240 patients were randomized, 209 retained in the study (TUC n = 99; SPC n = 109). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression post-hoc study analyses were performed to assess association between potential predictive factors and UTI within 30 days after surgery. RESULTS: Out of 208 patients (median age 64.5 years), 19 (9.1%) had UTI, 26 (12.5%) had bacteriuria and 145 (69.7%) had pyuria. Univariate analysis identified age ≥ 65 years (OR = 3.08 [1.07-8.89]; p = 0.038), hypertension (OR = 3.65 [1.23-10.84]; p = 0.020) and ASA score ≥ 3 (OR = 4.15 [1.53-11.2]; p = 0.005) as risk factors for UTI until POD4. Multivariate analysis identified ASA score ≥ 3 with a risk of UTI. CONCLUSION: Regarding male rectal cancer surgery, our study shows that nearly 1 in 10 patients had UTI within 4 days. An ASA score ≥ 3 is an independent risk factor linked to UTI. Identifying this risk factor for UTI is necessary to advise patients, support a tailored decision-making process, and prevent these complications.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

A clinical study on the efficacy of rectal administration of Tongfu Qinghua decoction combined with external application of Ruyi Jinhuang powder in treating acute pancreatitis.

BACKGROUND: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common acute abdominal disease with high mortality in moderate and severe cases. Integrated Chinese and Western medicine therapy has promising clinical application prospects. OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the efficacy and safety of Tongfu Qinghua decoction enema combined with Ruyi Jinhuang powder external application for AP and its therapeutic effects across different age groups. METHODS: A total of 100 AP patients from October 2023 to August 2025 were randomly divided into observation and control groups (50 cases each). The control group received conventional Western medicine and the observation group received additional combined Chinese medicine therapy. Outcomes including hospital stay, symptom relief, inflammatory and pancreatic injury markers, clinical efficacy and adverse reactions were compared, with subgroup analysis of patients aged 18-40, 41-60 and 61-75 years. RESULTS: The observation group had significantly shorter hospital stay, faster symptom relief and gastrointestinal recovery (P<0.05). Post-treatment inflammatory and pancreatic markers improved significantly and the total effective rate was higher (P<0.05), with no significant difference in adverse reactions (P>0.05). Benefits were consistent across all age subgroups, with younger patients recovering faster and elderly patients still achieving significant improvement. CONCLUSION: This combined therapy is effective and safe for AP patients aged 18-75 years, significantly improving clinical outcomes and worthy of clinical promotion.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Extragenital testing for gonorrhea and chlamydia in health department clinics in Virginia, 2018-2023.

BACKGROUND: Extragenital testing for chlamydia and gonorrhea infections is now routine in many settings. We assessed temporal and demographic trends in extragenital testing and positivity in public health department clinics in Virginia. METHODS: We analyzed urogenital and extragenital chlamydia/gonorrhea laboratory results for clients aged 15 years or older who attended 116 health department clinics from 2018 to 2023. Test volume and positivity was stratified by anatomic site, year, sex, and age. RESULTS: There were 181,471 client visits with valid test results. The proportion of visits with any extragenital testing increased from 19% to 46% during this time. Male clients were twice as likely as females to receive pharyngeal testing (46% vs. 22%) and five times as likely to be tested rectally (15% vs. 3%). Rectal specimen positivity surpassed urogenital positivity for chlamydia (females and males) and gonorrhea (males only). Overall, one-quarter of clients diagnosed with gonorrhea infections were identified exclusively through extragenital testing, as were 9% of clients with positive chlamydia tests. These proportions increased over time and were greater for younger clients and for males relative to females. Two-thirds of extragenital infections would have been missed by urogenital testing alone, including 40% and 49% of females and 86% and 73% of males with extragenital chlamydia and gonorrhea infections respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of clients who received extragenital chlamydia/gonorrhea testing increased over time, extragenital test positivity was high, and it identified infections that would have been missed otherwise. The impact on sexually transmitted infection sequelae and transmission remains unclear.

NAAT↗

PubMed2026

Uncovering molecular regulatory networks of low-temperature stress response in Trachinotus ovatus via integrated transcriptome and metabolome analyses.

Golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) is one of the most economically important marine fish species in China. It is susceptible to low-temperature stress, which significantly challenges its production and supply. Nevertheless, study on the regulatory mechanisms underlying low-temperature stress responses in golden pompano remains limited. Here, we firstly performed a time-series transcriptome analysis to reconstruct dynamic response patterns under low-temperature stress in golden pompano. Transcriptome profiling identified common differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including fos, hlf, and hmgb1, as well as condition-specific DEGs across distinct low-temperature stress groups. Based on cluster analysis, all DEGs were classified into five distinct expression patterns, reflecting diversified regulation of expression in golden pompano during low-temperature stress. Furthermore, condition-specific regulatory modules were explored via weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), highlighting that the two module hub genes, serbf2 and lipc, might respond to low-temperature stress by regulating the lipid catabolic process. Subsequently, untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed that glycerophospholipid metabolism was a significantly enriched common pathway, highlighting its crucial role in mediating the response to low-temperature stress. Finally, by integrating transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses, a gene-metabolite interaction network associated with glycerophospholipid metabolism under low-temperature stress was established. These findings underscore the significance of multiple candidate genes and glycerophospholipid metabolism in golden pompano's response to low-temperature stress, thereby laying a solid molecular foundation for the development of low-temperature-tolerant fish strains.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Cloning of two Hsp70 genes and association analysis between SNP haplotypes and high temperature tolerance trait in red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii).

Aquaculture is suffering the challenge from high temperature climate. Two Hsp70 genes, PcHsp70-1 and PcHsp70-2, as key genes involved in the high temperature tolerance of red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) were identified and cloned in this study. Their molecular features and expression patterns were characterized, revealing the distinct tissue-specific upregulation expression under high temperature stress (33 °C). Two SNPs, PcHsp70-1 (SNP258) and PcHsp70-2 (SNP555) were examined to associate with high temperature tolerance in three populations (n = 675). The genotypes of PcHsp70-1-SNP258 (GA) and PcHsp70-2-SNP555 (TT) were significantly associated with stronger high temperature tolerance. Notably, individuals carrying the haplotype of Hap I (GG + TT) showed a survival rate exceeding 70% under high temperature stress, whereas, the Hap VIII (AA + CT) showed it at 5.2%. RNA interference of PcHsp70-1 resulted in a significant decrease expression of the gene GSH-Px and its encoding protein (glutathione peroxidase) activity, and damage in intestinal tissue under high temperature stress. The transcriptome result revealed that PcHsp70-1 participates in regulation of the pathways related to cytoskeletal construction, immune response, apoptosis, and antioxidant defense. These findings indicate that PcHsp70 genes are crucial for the cellular stress response under high temperature stress. The developed Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) markers provide valuable tools for the marker-assisted selection of high temperature tolerant crayfish varieties, supporting the sustainable development of aquaculture under the challenge of global warming.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Transcriptomic responses to developmental temperature in two field-collected Spodoptera exigua populations from Korea.

The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, is a polyphagous insect whose development and seasonal occurrence are strongly influenced by temperature. However, transcriptomic responses to developmental thermal regimes remain insufficiently characterized in field-collected populations. In this study, we compared two Korean field-collected populations of S. exigua: a Haenam population collected in May and initially maintained at 15 ± 1 °C (HN), and a Jeju population collected in July and initially maintained at 27 ± 1 °C (JJ). F1 larvae from each population were reared under three fluctuating developmental temperature regimes: low (15-21 °C), middle (21-27 °C), and high (27-33 °C), followed by RNA-seq analysis. Differential expression analysis revealed population-associated variation in transcriptomic responses across developmental temperatures. HN exhibited a larger number of differentially expressed genes under the high-temperature regime, suggesting stronger transcriptomic sensitivity to elevated developmental temperature. Functional enrichment analyses identified population-associated differences in pathways related to heat response, oxidative metabolism, cytoskeletal organization, cuticle-associated processes, lipid metabolism, and immune-related functions. In JJ, heat-response and cuticle-related expression patterns were more prominent under warmer developmental conditions, whereas HN showed broader changes in stress- and metabolism-associated pathways under high temperature. Overall, this study provides a comparative transcriptomic analysis of two field-collected S. exigua populations under different developmental temperature regimes and identifies RNA-seq-based molecular response patterns associated with population-specific thermal response profiles.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

The effects of cold temperature on the development, microbiome, and transcriptome of the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis.

Thermal conditions impact essentially all aspects of the physiology for ectotherms. While the effects of high temperatures have been widely studied, cold temperature effects on aquatic invertebrates and their microbial communities have been poorly characterized. To determine the diverse effects of exposure to cold temperatures, we assessed acute and long-term impacts of ecologically relevant low temperatures on the development, microbiome, and gene expression of the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. Two hours post fertilization, embryos were exposed to temperatures from 4°C to 35°C and development rate to the juvenile stage was quantified. We found temperature impacts the development rate of embryos, where lower temperatures extended development time and resulted in mortality below 10°C. For both microbiome and host transcriptomic responses, anemones were held at 20°C, 10°C, and 0°C and compared at 24 hours and 7 days. Extended exposures to colder temperatures caused restructuring of the host-associated microbiome, with the loss of common taxonomic groups from the class Bacteroidia and Bacilli. Lastly, cold stress induced significant changes in gene expression, which were more pronounced at the 10°C than 0°C but showed little change over time in each temperature. Interestingly, expression of genes associated with innate immunity were among the most differentially expressed genes including heat shock proteins and innate immune genes providing a potential host-imposed mechanism to explain the shift in the microbiome. Overall, cold temperatures have broad effects on many facets of this sea anemone and its microbial community and indicate the importance of cold temperature events when characterizing how ectotherms acclimate to thermal variation.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Spatially resolved multi-omics analysis of indigenous Bacillus-fortified high-temperature Daqu.

Layer-dependent patterns associated with indigenous Bacillus fortification on high-temperature Daqu remain unclear. Here, six indigenous functional Bacillus strains were combined to fortify Daqu at three inoculation levels (QH4, QH5, QH6), with non-fortified as the control (CK). Upper, middle, and lower shelf-layer samples were profiled by physicochemical measurements, volatilomics, organic acid analysis, untargeted metabolomics, 16S/ITS amplicon sequencing, and metagenomics. PERMANOVA showed significant effects of treatment, spatial layer, and their interaction on physicochemical, volatile, bacterial, and fungal profiles (P = 0.001). Among the three inoculation levels, QH5 showed the most balanced performance: QH5_M exhibited the highest observed mean peak temperature (63.3 °C; +4.5 °C relative to CK_M), and its group-mean temperature remained ≥ 60 °C for seven consecutive days. Multi-omics analyses indicated coordinated, non-linear, and layer-dependent differences associated with indigenous Bacillus fortification, with QH5_M showing the most pronounced combined thermal, pyrazine, substrate, microbial, and predicted functional profile. These findings indicate that moderate indigenous Bacillus fortification was associated with distinct layer-dependent thermal and flavor profiles and coordinated microbial, metabolic, and predicted functional differences.

Bacillus↗

PubMed2026

The effect of drysuit diving in warm water on body temperature and post immersion orthostatic hypotension.

INTRODUCTION: Warm-water diving can limit heat dissipation, particularly when performed in fully encapsulating protective gear, leading to substantial thermal and cardiovascular strain that may impair diver safety. Following immersion, removal of hydrostatic support combined with heat-induced vasodilation may reduce central blood volume and increase susceptibility to orthostatic intolerance during egress and recovery. The extent to which this thermal strain impairs post-immersion orthostatic tolerance remains unknown. METHODS: Four randomised, crossover immersion trials were conducted at 28°C, 33°C, 38°C without precooling (38°C), and 38°C with precooling (38°C + Cool), with subjects wearing fully encapsulating dive gear. Subjects walked for up to 60 minutes at approximately 50% of O2max heart rate (HR) or until core temperature (Tc) reached 38.5°C, or they voluntarily stopped. Tc, HR, and perceptual measures were recorded every 10 minutes. Orthostatic tolerance was assessed after immersion via a 70° head-up tilt test. RESULTS: Eight healthy adults completed all aspects of the study. Tc and HR were higher during both 38°C conditions compared with 28°C and 33°C (all P < 0.01) with no differences between 38°C and 38°C + Cool. Sweat loss exceeded 1.2 (SD 0.67) L⋅h-1 in both 38°C conditions compared with ≤ 0.3 (0.32) L⋅h-1 at 28°C and 33°C (P < 0.01). Survival analysis showed orthostatic tolerance decreased with increasing thermal stress (log-rank P = 0.027; trend P = 0.003). Precooling did not reduce peak Tc or HR, nor did it improve tolerance time in 38°C water. CONCLUSIONS: Encapsulated warm-water diving causes heat stress and cardiovascular strain that persists after immersion, impairing orthostatic tolerance. Precooling does not significantly reduce these outcomes.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

A novel urease-producing strain effectively induces cadmium biomineralization under low-temperature stress.

Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) has been widely used to immobilize Cadmium (Cd) in contaminated soils in mining-affected regions. However, its remediation efficacy under low-temperature stress, as well as the nucleation process that regulates Cd biomineralization via carbonate precipitation by psychrophilic bacteria, has yet to be investigated. Here, we isolated Pseudomonas sp. J-6, a novel urease-producing strain from tailings in high-altitude cold regions, exhibiting unparalleled cold adaptability at 5 °C and achieving 95.85 % Cd removal efficiency by MICP at 10 °C. Furthermore, the coprecipitation process of Ca1-xCdxCO3 was clarified through the continuous observation of the precipitates after the low-temperature MICP reaction. The crystal morphology transitioned from loose vaterite in the early stage to a dense square-block morphology in the middle stage. Cd2+ progressively shifted from a surface-bound state to lattice incorporation, ultimately resulting in the formation of stable Cd-substituted calcite crystals. In this process, low temperatures led to the formation of larger, highly ordered Cd-substituted calcite crystals, thereby strengthening Cd sequestration and its long-term stability. In addition, under low-temperature stress, Pseudomonas sp. J-6 induced MICP reaction decreased the bioavailable Cd in alpine slag soil by 44.85 % and enhanced physical properties. In the freeze-thaw cycles, the remediation efficiency remained stable. This study clarified the biomineralization potential in high-altitude cryogenic environments and the nucleation process of Cd biomineralization by psychrophilic bacteria-induced carbonate precipitation, filling a critical research gap in its application under extreme conditions and highlighting its promise for sustainable remediation of heavy metal pollution under low-temperature stress.

Cadmium↗

PubMed2026

Transcriptomic insights into temperature regulation of proliferation and differentiation in skeletal muscle cells of Nibea albiflora.

Myogenesis involves sequential stages of muscle satellite cell activation, myoblast proliferation, differentiation, and fusion into multinucleated myotubes. Teleost muscle exhibits indeterminate growth and is highly sensitive to environmental temperature, yet the underlying mechanisms by which temperature regulate proliferation and differentiation remain poorly understood. In this study, we established a primary skeletal muscle cell culture from the yellow drum (Nibea albiflora), an economically important marine fish, and integrated morphological observations with comparative transcriptomics analysis to characterize cellular and molecular responses at 28 °C and 20 °C during both proliferation and differentiation stages. Phenotypic analysis revealed that 28 °C significantly enhanced both myoblast proliferation and myogenic differentiation ability compared with 20 °C. Transcriptomic profiling revealed that at 28 °C, differentiation upregulated extracellular matrix(ECM) organization, calcium signaling, and sarcomere assembly, while proliferation enhanced focal adhesion, growth factor signaling, and lipid metabolism. At 20 °C, differentiation was characterized by glutathione metabolism, and ferroptosis, while proliferation involved cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and negative regulation of signal transduction. Core myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs), particularly myogenin, were strongly upregulated at 28 °C during the differentiation stage, serving as an internal control. Based on these findings, we propose a testable model that elevated temperature coordinates Ca2+-dependent MRF activation with ECM-integrin signaling to drive sarcomere assembly and muscle growth. Key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) regulating myogenesis in N. albiflora were also identified. This study provides a mechanistic framework for temperature adaptation in teleost skeletal muscle and identifies candidate genes for functional validation and marker-assisted selection, as well as a rationale for temperature management strategies to improve aquaculture yield of N. albiflora.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Characterization and functional insights of histone deacetylases in bivalves: implications for temperature and immune response in Chlamys nobilis.

Histone deacetylases serve as pivotal epigenetic regulators that modulate chromatin remodeling and gene transcription, playing critical roles in immune defense and environmental stress responses in aquatic organisms. However, the evolutionary characteristics and functional roles of the HDAC family in bivalves remain poorly understood. In this study, genome-wide identification of the HDAC family across 30 bivalve species yielded 558 HDAC genes. Phylogenetic reconstruction categorized these genes into four conserved groups and revealed a unique, bivalve-specific SIRT8 clade. Using the noble scallop Chlamys nobilis as a representative model, expression profiling revealed distinct expression patterns among CnHDAC members. Class I and most Class III members were predominantly expressed in the gonads, while Class II members were enriched in immune-related tissues, implying their potential involvement in bivalve immunity. Upon temperature stress, CnHDAC1/2, CnHDAC11-1, CnHDAC11-2, CnSIRT2-1, CnSIRT4, CnSIRT6, and CnSIRT8-3 were significantly induced, highlighting their critical roles in temperature adaptation. Upon Vibrio exposure, CnHDAC1/2, CnHDAC8, CnSIRT4, and CnSIRT6 were upregulated, while CnHDAC4/5/7/9, CnHDAC6/10, CnSIRT2-2, CnSIRT5, CnSIRT7, and CnSIRT8-3 were downregulated, suggesting a coordinated epigenetic regulatory mechanism underlying host immune defense. In conclusion, this study systematically elucidates the evolutionary landscape of the HDAC family and underscores its potential involvement in environmental resilience and host immunity, providing a theoretical basis for the breeding of disease-resistant and stress-tolerant aquaculture bivalves.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses provide new insights into the response of black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) larvae to temperature fluctuations.

Sebastes schlegelii usually encounter elevated and fluctuating water temperatures near its upper thermal limit in summer, yet the hepatic responses of larvae to repeated temperature fluctuation regimes remain unclear. To address this question, S. schlegelii larvae were exposed for 8 days to four thermal regimes: constant 18 °C (CT), constant 28 °C (HT), intermittent cooling from 18 to 8 °C followed by recovery to 18 °C (FL), and intermittent warming from 18 to 28 °C followed by recovery to 18 °C (FH). Survival rate was evaluated, and integrated liver transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were performed. Final survival rates were 96.67% in the CT group, 97.78% in the FL group, and 77.78% in the FH group. Survival rate in the HT group (38.89%) was significantly lower than that in the other three groups (P < 0.05). HTvsCT, FLvsCT, FHvsCT, and FHvsHT comparisons identified 2598, 1207, 622, and 2404 differentially expressed genes and 627, 606, 690, and 610 differential metabolites, respectively. KEGG enrichment analyses of DEGs and SDMs in HTvsCT highlighted HSP-mediated proteostasis, endoplasmic-reticulum protein processing, branched-chain and sulfur amino acid metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and central carbon metabolism, with upregulated hsp90aa1, bckdha, gclc, and pfkp and reduced levels of branched-chain amino acids and methionine. Compared with HT, FH showed attenuated disturbances in proteostasis, amino acid and redox regulation, and central carbon metabolism, together with recovery-associated glycerophospholipid turnover. FL primarily induced polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-related membrane lipid remodeling. These findings indicate that hepatic responses differed between continuous high-temperature exposure and temperature fluctuations and between fluctuation regimes.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Effect of Local Anesthetic Solution at Different Temperatures for Epidural Labor Analgesia on Intrapartum Fever: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND: Whether heating local anesthetic solutions to core body temperature (37°C) for epidural labor analgesia reduces intrapartum fever incidence remains undefined in the current literature. METHODS: This double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) enrolled 220 nulliparous parturients (18-35 years, American Society of Anesthesiologists [ASA] physical status II, term singleton pregnancy). Participants were randomized to receive epidural labor analgesia with 0.075% ropivacaine + 0.5 µg/mL sufentanil at 37°C (warmed group) or 22°C (room-temperature group). Epidurals were placed at L3-L4 with a test dose of 3 mL of 1.5% lidocaine at room temperature, followed by programmed bolus epidural analgesia (initial 10 mL, 10 mL/h) and patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) 5 mL (30-minute lockout). Tympanic temperature was measured every 30 minutes from epidural initiation to delivery, defining intrapartum fever as ≥38°C. The primary outcome was fever incidence, on which the power analysis was based, and also maximum temperature and shivering. Secondary outcomes comprised analgesia onset, block level, labor durations, neonatal Apgar scores, umbilical cord blood pH and BE, and maternal adverse events. RESULTS: A total of 220 parturients were included (warmed group, n = 110; room-temperature group, n = 110). The warmed group had a lower intrapartum fever incidence (15.5% [17/110] vs 30.9% [34/110], relative risk [RR] 0.5 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.298-0.840]; P = .007); however, the reduction of 49.8% did not reach the preset clinically meaningful difference of 60% reduction proposed in the power analysis. The maximum body temperature was also lower in the warmed group: median (interquartile range [IQR]) 37.4 (IQR, 37.2-37.7) °C vs 37.6 (IQR, 37.3-38.0) °C, median difference -0.2 (95% CI, -0.3 to -0.1) °C ( P = .006). Shivering incidence was not different between groups (10.9% [12/110] vs 14.5% [16/110]; P = .418). No statistically significant differences were observed between groups in any of the secondary outcomes assessed, including block characteristics, local anesthetic consumption, labor duration, neonatal outcomes, and maternal adverse events. CONCLUSION: Although we found a 50% reduction in the incidence of temperature rise using warmed (37°C) local anesthetics for epidural labor analgesia, this did not reach our preset threshold of 60% reduction.

Humans↗