[Recreation need and recreational behavior in women].
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Activities of Daily Living↗
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Caring for the elderly. To recreate or not to recreate: Enjoyment for the older patient.
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Aged↗
Effect of occupational and recreational activity on the risk of colorectal cancer among males: a case-control study.
Epidemiological studies have consistently demonstrated that either occupational or recreational physical activity is protective against colon cancer. However, it is unclear whether recreational activity is similarly protective among those who engage in high or low occupational activity. We therefore compared 440 male cases of colorectal cancer with 1164 male hospital patients. Occupational activity was defined according to job title, while recreational activity was assessed by questionnaire for three different periods of life. Occupational activity was protective with respect to colorectal cancer irrespective of whether one engaged in recreational activity at any different period of life. In contrast, recreational activity, performed at 20-44 years of age appeared to decrease colon cancer risk by 10-25% irrespective of the intensity of job activity. The present results suggest that, although we observed a larger effect with occupational activity than with recreational activity, middle-aged men may reduce their risk of colorectal cancer if they exercise when they are not working. These findings need to be confirmed in other populations.
Adolescent↗
Youth's recreation and drug sensations: is there a relationship?
Adolescents' social behaviors remain a mystery to parks and recreation providers. Adolescence is a "high-risk" time for all youth in terms of experimenting with potentially health-compromising behavior, whether alcohol, drugs, or sex. Most of these antisocial behaviors occur during adolescents' leisure time. These inferences gave impetus to this research effort. The study was designed to ascertain information on adolescents' preferences for pleasure: drugs or recreation. Data were collected from a sample of 100 high school students from a medium-sized college town, and 100 students from a rural town in Florida. Findings revealed four statistically significant associations in the motives or pleasures sought in recreation and in drug behaviors: "enhancement of popularity," "provision of a means for self-discovery," "achievement of personal goal," and means to rebel against parents. In reference to the latter motive, findings revealed that neither drugs nor recreation were used to rebel against parents. Findings also provide documentation of the value of recreation in insulating adolescents against many of the stressors of contemporary life.
Adolescent↗
Recreational MDMA use in Sydney: a profile of 'Ecstacy' users and their experiences with the drug.
'Ecstasy' (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine or MDMA) is a recreational drug that is gaining popularity world wide. There is a paucity of research regarding the ways in which Ecstasy is used and the nature of its effects. A 'snowball' peer network technique was used to recruit 100 users who completed anonymous questionnaires. The research revealed that Ecstasy is primarily used by infrequent recreational drug users for 'fun' at dance parties and social gatherings. The primary reported effects of Ecstasy were a 'positive mood state' and feelings of intimacy and closeness to others. The secondary effects of Ecstasy were the stimulant effects of energy and activation, and the psychedelic effects of insight and perceptual and sensual enhancement. Ecstasy was reported to share the properties of both amphetamines and hallucinogens in the nature of its side effects and residual effects which were no more severe than those of the latter two classes of drug. It appeared Ecstasy was not conductive to regular and frequent use, because tolerance was reported to develop to the positive effects of Ecstasy, while negative effects increased with use. Although few problems associated with the recreational use of Ecstasy have surfaced to date, animal research has shown it to be neurotoxic to serotonergic nerve terminals. Caution must be observed until further research can determine the level of hazard in humans.
3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine↗
Scombroid fish poisoning. Underreporting and prevention among noncommercial recreational fishers.
Food-borne diseases, including those caused by seafood products, are common and greatly underreported sources of morbidity. In this article we review the epidemiology of scombroid fish poisoning and its possible relationship to the noncommercial and recreational catch and sale of fish. More than 20% of all fish sold in the United States is caught by sport fishers, and outbreaks of scombroid fish poisoning have involved improperly handled fish from private catches. We report an outbreak of scombroid fish poisoning among recreational fishers in California. The unregulated sale of recreationally caught fish for consumption and the prevention of scombrotoxism are discussed from the perspectives of public health agencies, clinicians, and the fishing public. Scientific and policy issues that require further attention are high-lighted.
Adult↗
Asphyxial deaths from the recreational use of nitrous oxide.
The recreational use of nitrous oxide is widespread. Nitrous oxide for recreational use is usually obtained from anesthesia tanks or whipped-cream machine chargers or cans. Twenty previously described deaths associated with recreational nitrous-oxide use describe anesthesia tanks and whipped-cream machine dispensors as a source. Five deaths associated with nitrous oxide use are presented; two involving whipped-cream cannisters as the source, two involving anesthesia tanks, and one involving a racing fuel tank as a source of nitrous oxide. Autopsy findings in our cases were subtle or negative, but usually suggestive of asphyxia. Through a laboratory simulation, we have confirmed that nitrous oxide displaces oxygen in a closed space, which probably leads to asphyxia. A review of the literature, neuropharmacology, and pathophysiology of nitrous oxide use is also presented.
Adolescent↗
Enteroviruses in recreational waters of Northern Ireland.
Virus surveillance of Northern Ireland recreational waters, between April 1986 and May 1989 demonstrated widespread enteroviral contamination of coastal and inland waters. In 1986, enteroviruses were detected in 4 of 46 (8.7%) water samples, collected from 6 coastal bathing waters. In 1987, 49 of 107 (45.8%) samples, from 16 coastal bathing waters, yielded enteroviruses; 33 of the enterovirus positive samples passed one or both of the coliform standards outlined by the European Economic Community (EEC) bathing water directive (76/160/EEC). Enteroviruses were also detected in 33 of 39 (84.6%) samples tested from 3 inland recreational waters.
Animals↗
Eye injuries in Canadian sports and recreational activities.
Over 4000 eye injuries, including 449 blind eyes, have been reported in sports and recreational activities in Canada over the past 20 years. This is not only a great personal loss but also a financial loss, both to the injured person and to the community. Statistics should be tabulated on catastrophic injuries that leave the person with a physical or mental deficit, such as a blind eye, and efforts should be directed toward preventing such injuries. Changing and enforcing game rules and providing proper eye protection has proved very beneficial in Canadian hockey, racket sports and war games. Educational programs supported by the media and government that alert players to the need for eye protection are required. Such measures may lead to the prevention of up to 90% of injuries in sports and recreational activities in Canada.
Athletic Injuries↗
Prevention of childhood injuries. Part II: Recreational injuries.
This is the second of two articles on the prevention of childhood injuries. Here, interventions to reduce death and disability among children from recreational injuries are identified. The major categories of recreational injury are listed, the magnitude of the problem defined, the risk factors described, and selected interventions of the National Committee for Injury Prevention and Control summarized. Recommendations for practice are discussed.
Accidental Falls↗
Death caused by recreational cocaine use.
Sixty-eight deaths associated with the recreational use of illicit cocaine were investigated by the Medical Examiner's Office of Dade County in Florida. Most fatalities occurred since 1975. Although 29 involved the use of other drugs (usually heroin), 24 persons died directly of the toxic effects of cocaine. Respiratory collapse and death occurred rapidly after the intravenous injection of cocaine. Oral or nasal ingestion resulted in a symptom-free interval lasting as long as an hour followed suddenly by generalized seizures and death. Toxicological analysis could not causally relate lidocaine hydrochloride or other adulterants to the untoward reactions. The data suggest that the rate of absorption, the peak blood concentration, and the prior use of cocaine all contribute to the possibility of a fatal reaction. Despite current belief, cocaine cannot be considered a safe recreational drug.
Adolescent↗
Temporal stability and lack of variance in microbiome composition and functionality in fit recreational athletes.
Human gut microbiome composition and function is influenced by environmental and lifestyle factors, including exercise and fitness. We studied the composition and functionality of the faecal microbiome of recreational (non-elite) runners (n = 62) with serial shotgun metagenomics, at 4 time points over a 7-week period. Gut microbiome composition and function was stable over time. Grouping of samples on the basis of their fitness level (fair, good, excellent, and superior) or habitual training (low (4-6 h/week), medium (7-9 h/week), high (10-12 h/week), and extreme (13 + hours/week)) revealed no significant microbiome-related differences. Overall, the species Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Blautia wexlerae, and Prevotella copri were the most abundant members of the gut microbiome. Analysis of co-abundance groups (CAGs) revealed no significant relationship between CAGs and fitness levels or training subgroups. Functional pathways were similar across all samples and timepoints with no clustering based on associated metadata. The most abundant genes identified within samples corresponded to pathways for nucleoside and nucleotide biosynthesis, amino acid biosynthesis, and cell wall biosynthesis. Collectively, these results describe the microbiome of active recreational runners and note temporal stability amongst participants.
Humans↗
Variables associated with the winter camping location of elderly recreational vehical owners in southwestern Arizona.
During the winter of 1973-1974, 580 elderly recreational vehicle campers were interviewed in six private trailer parks and four public camping areas in southwestern Arizona and Southern California. The ten sites represented four different types of camping environment: (1) highly developed, relatively expensive urban private trailer parks, (2) moderately developed, relatively inexpensive, rural private trailer parks, (3) authorized, developed, free federal campgrounds, and (4) unauthorized, undeveloped, free public land camping areas. Analysis of variance was utilized to identify those respondent characteristics most strongly associated with the type of site selected for winter residence. The most important of these variables were per person annual income, woman's age, man's education, woman's total preretirement adult camping experience, value of mobile quarters and tow vehicle, and percentage of the year lived in a recreational vehicle. Several financial indicators and certain noneconomic characteristics of females were strongly associated with winter camping location.
Age Factors↗
Effect of recreational exercise on midtrimester placental growth.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to test the hypothesis that regular recreational exercise increases the rate of growth in placental volume in the midtrimester of human pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN: Serial measurements of placental volume were obtained between the fourteenth and twenty-sixth gestational week in 18 subjects who exercised regularly throughout the midtrimester and in 16 matched controls with an ultrasonographic system equipped with a fixed-base, articulated-arm, 3.5 MHz B-mode transducer. RESULTS: Placental volumes were significantly greater in the women who maintained a regular exercise regimen throughout the midtrimester. At 16 weeks (mean +/- SD) volumes were 141 +/- 34 cm3 and 106 +/- 18 cm3 in the two groups. This difference increased at 20 weeks (265 +/- 67 cm3 vs 186 +/- 46 cm3) and again at 24 (410 +/- 87 cm3 vs 270 +/- 58 cm3) weeks' gestation because of a significant between-group difference in the rate of growth in placental volume over this time interval (34 +/- 8 cm3/wk vs 21 +/- cm3/wk). CONCLUSION: We conclude that the hypothesis is correct and speculate that the change in growth rate represents an adaptive response to the intermittent stimulus of a reduction in regional blood flow.
Adult↗
Chrysotile asbestos in a California recreational area.
Dustfall along roads and trails being used recreationally in the Clear Creek area of San Benito County, California, located in the New Idria serpentinite, was found to be 90 percent or more chrysotile asbestos. Personal samplers worn by motorcyclists using one of the trails showed concentrations of airborne fibers ranging from 0.3 to 5.3 fibers per milliliter, according to methods prescribed for monitoring occupational exposures. The present workplace standard for brief exposures to asbestos is 10 fibers per milliliter; 5 fibers per milliliter is the proposed standard. The average total dust concentration estimated from personal samplers was approximately 20 milligrams per cubic meter of roughly 90 percent chrysotile. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of asbestos exposures of this magnitude, in size ranges known to be pathogenic, resulting from natural deposits not associated with mining, milling, or industrial use.
Air Pollutants↗
[Construction hygiene in the area of bathing and recreation].
Construction hygiene in the bathing and recreation areas underwent many changes during the decades. In each case it was accomplished very intensively and defined by the actual needs of the population or by those responsible for the population. With regard to the development of bathing since the Romans, the bathing habits of the Roman times, during the Middle Ages, at the 18th century, at the beginning of the 19th century and of today are characterized broadly. The respective constructional as well as the hygienic measures are also shown and discussed in this context. Whereas the Roman thermals created prerequisites for physical activity as well as possibilities for spare time, and in the early Middle Ages, sexual excesses and the risk factors connected thereby led to the transfer of infectious diseases and consequently to the elimination of the public baths. At the beginning of the 18th century first the cleaning of the body and at the beginning of the 20th century physical activity became very important. With the help of the construction plans for baths and shower-baths and swimming pools of 1906 the aims and purposes of the baths are discussed and the respective constructional changes are shown the example of warm water baths (swimming pools) in Hamburg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Baths↗
The significance of testing for Pseudomonas aeruginosa in recreational seawater beaches.
The occurrence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and faecal coliforms in Mediterranean sea water from beaches was investigated. Water samples (1,598 in toto) were tested and P. aeruginosa was found in 222 samples (14%). In 31% of samples where P. aeruginosa was detected, faecal coliforms of less than ten bacteria per 100 ml were found. In a group of 98 samples which had > 500 faecal coliforms per 100 ml, 41% had no detectable P. aeruginosa. The inclusion of P. aeruginosa as an additional parameter for approving beaches for recreational activity is recommended.
Enterobacteriaceae↗
Elevation of creatine phosphokinase in young men after recreational exercise.
Twenty healthy male volunteers were divided into four groups for a period of recreational physical exercise. Standard blood chemistry determinations were made before exercise and on the two subsequent days. Creatine phosphokinase (CPK), SGOT, and lactic dehydrogenase levels were transiently elevated, but the change was considered significant only in the CPK level after certain types of exercise. Persons having these determinations performed should be questioned about recent physical exertion in the event of abnormal laboratory results.
Adult↗