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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis: recommendations for vaccine use and other preventive measures. Recommendations of the Immunization Practices Advisory committee (ACIP).

This revision of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee (ACIP) statement on diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis updates the statement issued in 1985, and incorporates the 1987 supplementary statement, which addressed two issues: a) the risks and benefits of pertussis vaccine for infants and children with family histories of convulsions; and b) antipyretic use in conjunction with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine absorbed (DTP) vaccination among children with personal or family histories of convulsions (1,2). This document presents new recommendations for epidemiologic investigation and management of contacts of diphtheria patients. The updated recommendations include a review of the epidemiology of the three diseases and descriptions of the available immunobiologic preparations with appropriate vaccination schedules. Also included are a) new information on and reassessment of the possible relation between receipt of DTP and the occurrence of serious acute neurologic illness and permanent brain damage, b) revisions in the recommendations on precautions for and contraindications to pertussis vaccine use, and c) revisions on recommendations for chemoprophylaxis for household and other close contacts of pertussis patients. The Committee has reviewed and taken into consideration the recent report by the Institute of Medicine entitled, "Adverse Effects of Pertussis and Rubella Vaccines" in making these recommendations.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Recommendations for protection against viral hepatitis. Recommendation of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee. Centers for Disease Control, Department of Health and Human Services.

This following statement updates all previous recommendations on use of immune globulins for protection against viral hepatitis and use of hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immune globulin for prophylaxis of hepatitis B. Recommendations cover hepatitis A; hepatitis B; non-A, non-B hepatitis; and delta hepatitis. Specific indications are included for use of immune globulin, hepatitis B immune globulin, and hepatitis B vaccine for high-risk groups, including medical and dental personnel, hemodialysis patients, workers at daycare centers, workers at institutions for the mentally retarded, prison inmates, homosexual men, intravenous drug abusers, international travelers, household and sexual contacts of persons at risk, and heterosexually active persons. Recommendations are given for maternal and fetal screening for serologic markers of hepatitis B virus, and guidelines for treatment are provided.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Experience with WHO-recommended multidrug therapy (MDT) for multibacillary (MB) leprosy patients in the leprosy control program of the All Africa Leprosy and Rehabilitation Training Center in Ethiopia: appraisal of the recommended duration of MDT for MB patients.

During 1981 a World Health Organization Study Group recommended that multibacillary (MB) leprosy patients should be given multidrug therapy (MDT) for at least 2 years and, wherever possible, until skin-smear negativity. This paper reports on the experience with MDT for MB patients under routine field conditions in the leprosy control program of the All Africa Leprosy and Rehabilitation Training Center (ALERT) in the Shoa Region of Ethiopia. The period of MDT to reach skin-smear negativity was evaluated for 348 new MB patients. Only 31.6% of these patients could be released after 26 four-weekly doses of MDT, and 19.8% needed over 5 years of MDT. The average period of MDT to reach skin-smear negativity was estimated at about 4 years. Of 3343 patients of cohorts which, almost exclusively, consisted of patients treated with dapsone before MDT, 72.8% were released after 26 four-weekly doses of MDT; whereas of 712 patients of cohorts which mainly included new patients, only 23.5% were released. It was estimated that if MDT would be stopped, regardless of skin-smear results, after 26 four-weekly doses of the drugs collected within a period of 3 years, about 80% of the patients would complete treatment. The operational problems with continuation of MDT until skin-smear negativity are discussed. Although as yet it has not been proven by study results that after 2 years of MDT the relapse rate will be low, the available knowledge indicates that this is likely to be the case. Based on a) probability, b) the finding that 2 years of MDT can be maintained in the majority of the patients, and c) the operational difficulties with the continuation of MDT until skin-smear negativity, it is recommended that MDT should be limited to 2 years. MDT of limited and fixed duration will facilitate the implementation and expansion of the treatment in parts of the world where most patients are not yet benefitting from this treatment.

Cohort Studies↗
PubMed1991

International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC) scientific division IFCC recommendation. Recommendation on sampling, transport and storage for the determination of the concentration of ionized calcium in whole blood, plasma and serum.

The substance concentration of ionized calcium (cCa2+) in blood, plasma or serum preanalytically may be affected by pH changes of the sample, calcium binding by heparin, and dilution by the anticoagulant solution. pH changes in whole blood can be minimized by anaerobic sampling to avoid loss of CO2, by measuring as soon as possible or by storing the sample in iced water to avoid lactic acid formation. cCa2+ and pH should be determined simultaneously. Plasma or serum: if centrifuged in a closed tube and measured immediately the pH of the sample will be close to the original value. If delay has occurred between centrifugation and the measurement, causing substantial loss of CO2, equilibration of the sample with a gas mixture corresponding to PCO2 = 5.3 kPa prior to the measurement is recommended. Conversion of the measured values to cCa2+ (7.4) is only valid if the pH is in the range 7.2-7.6 Ca2+ binding by heparin can be minimized by using either of the following: a final concentration of sodium or lithium heparinate of 15 IU/ml blood or less, by use of calcium titrated heparin with a final concentration less than 50 IU/ml blood. Dilution effect can be avoided by use of dry heparin in capillaries or syringes. When heparin solutions are used errors due to dilution or calcium binding can be reduced using syringes with a heparin solution containing free calcium ions corresponding to the mean concentration of ionized calcium in normal plasma. Conditions for blood collection, storage, and transport to avoid preanalytical errors are described.

Blood Chemical Analysis↗
PubMed1991

[Are the recommendations of the drug committee followed? A comparison of the prescribing pattern of anti-angina drugs in general practice and hospitals in relation to the recommendations].

The object of this investigation was to describe the choice of recommended/non-recommended anti-anginal preparations in a group of patients in a hospital and prescribed by the general practitioner on discharge and during the subsequent three years. Eighty-nine patients participated in the investigation. Sixty-nine of these received medicinal treatment at the conclusion of the period. The investigation demonstrates that the recommendations by the Danish Drug Committee were followed in 90% of the cases during the last year of observation. It is concluded that the activities of the Danish Drug Committee may influence the choice of anti-anginal preparations on discharge from hospital and during the subsequent three years.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed1986

Recommendations for prevention and control of influenza. Recommendations of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee. Centers for Disease Control, Department of Health and Human Services.

These recommendations of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee update for 1986-1987 the information on the vaccine and antiviral agent available for control of influenza. Changes include addition of statements about: updating of the influenza strains in the vaccine for 1986-1987; immunization and amantadine prophylaxis for household members who provide home care for high-risk persons; optimal time for conducting routine vaccination programs; concurrent administration of influenza vaccine and childhood vaccines; immunization of children receiving long-term aspirin therapy; and other sources of information about influenza and control measures.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

How well recommended are the recommended dietary allowances?

The Recommended Dietary Allowances serve two basic uses: As guidelines for planning diets and food supplies and as a tool for evaluating nutritional adequacy of food consumed. Establishing standards to serve these functions is not simple. Differences in individuals in different population groups dictate allowances with relatively high margins of safety to prevent deficiencies. Even so, anomalies arise. Surveys have shown that intakes of vitamin A and protein are likely to exceed their respective allowances. On the other hand, calcium and thiamin intakes of older women and iron in teenage boys and women in the reproductive years are difficult to meet in terms of nutrient density ratios. In addition, insufficient data make it impossible to set allowances for some essential trace elements--and, other essential elements may yet be discovered. Thus the allowances are not guaranteed to represent the totality of nutritional needs.

Adolescent↗