SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

14 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2025

Detection of heterogeneous resistance mechanisms to tyrosine kinase inhibitors from cell-free DNA.

Though there has been substantial progress in the development of anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) therapies to treat HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) within the past two decades, most patients still experience disease progression and cancer-related death. HER2-directed tyrosine kinase inhibitors can be highly effective therapies for patients with HER2-positive MBC; however, an understanding of resistance mechanisms is needed to better inform treatment approaches. We performed whole-exome sequencing on 111 patients with 73 tumor biopsies and 120 cell-free DNA samples to assess mechanisms of resistance. In 11 of 26 patients with acquired resistance, we identified alterations in previously characterized genes, such as PIK3CA and ERBB2, that could explain treatment resistance. Mutations in growing subclones identified potential mechanisms of resistance in 5 of 26 patients and included alterations in ESR1, FGFR2, and FGFR4. Additional studies are needed to assess the functional role and clinical utility of these alterations in driving resistance.

Humans↗

PubMed2025

Deep immune profiling of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with CODEX multiplexed imaging.

BACKGROUND: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) may be genomically subclassified by the presence of potentially actionable molecular aberrations, of which pathogenic alterations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)1 and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)2 are the most frequently observed. The impact of these molecular alterations on the tumor immune microenvironment remains incompletely understood. METHODS: We performed a high-parameter spatial immune phenotyping of iCCA samples with pathogenic FGFR2 or IDH1 alterations and FGFR2/IDH1 wild-type controls at the single-cell level using CO-Detection by indEXing. RESULTS: A total of 24 tumors were examined. Tumors with FGFR2 alterations were characterized by fewer CD8+ T cells and "M2-like" macrophages but higher levels of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells as compared to FGFR2 wild-type tumors. Spatial relationships between polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells and multiple other cell types in the tumor microenvironment (including tumor cells, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells) were enriched in tumors with FGFR2 alterations. Tumors with IDH1 mutations had a trend toward more fibroblasts and were characterized by a closer proximity of tumor cells to CD4+ T cells, and between macrophages and multiple structural tumor microenvironment components as compared to other subtypes. CONCLUSIONS: iCCAs with pathogenic FGFR2 fusions/rearrangements and IDH1 mutations have distinct immunophenotypes. Tailoring immunotherapeutic approaches to specific molecular subsets could improve treatment outcomes across the divergent molecularly defined iCCA subtypes.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

C-Terminal Truncation and Fusion Partner Determine Oncogenicity of FGFR3.

UNLABELLED: Genomic alterations affecting components of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling axis can trigger aberrant pathway activation and tumor development. Genomic truncation of the FGF receptor 2 (FGFR2) exon 18 (E18) disrupts the FGFR2 carboxy (C)-terminal tail, acting as a potent driver alteration across multiple tumor types. In this study, we analyzed human oncogenomic datasets to reveal that E18 truncations are similarly prevalent in FGFR3, an FGFR2 paralog. FGFR3 E18 truncations primarily occur due to rearrangements (RE) that involve transforming acidic coiled-coil-containing protein 3 (TACC3), resulting in FGFR3ΔE18-TACC3 gene fusions. In contrast to E18-truncated FGFR2, functional in vitro and in vivo examination of Fgfr3 variants demonstrated that the truncation of Fgfr3 E18 is insufficient to promote oncogenic activity in cell lines or in the lungs and mammary glands of mice. Only the combination of an Fgfr3 E18 truncation with a RE partner gene that encodes a receptor-dimerizing domain resulted in the development of tumors, which were sensitive to FGFR inhibition. Overall, these findings suggest that patients with cancers that are positive for rearranged FGFR3, resulting in E18 truncation and a fusion to dimerizing partners, should be considered for FGFR-targeted therapies. SIGNIFICANCE: FGFR3, unlike its paralog FGFR2, requires both a C-terminal truncation and fusion to a partner gene that retains the expression of a dimerizing domain to effectively drive oncogenic signaling and tumorigenesis.

Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3↗

PubMed2025

Recurrent FGFR2 and PIK3CA Mutations in Sialoblastoma.

PURPOSE: Sialoblastoma is an extremely rare low-grade malignant salivary gland neoplasm that presents at birth or early infancy and has heterogeneous clinical behavior. Due to its rarity, the molecular landscape remains incompletely characterized. We aimed to expand the current understanding of the genetic alterations in sialoblastoma through comprehensive molecular analysis. METHODS: Five sialoblastoma cases were retrieved from four institutional archives. Clinical and pathologic review was performed, and targeted next-generation sequencing was conducted using clinically validated panels. Copy number analysis was performed on four cases. RESULTS: The cohort included five patients with tumors located in parotid gland (n = 2), minor salivary glands (n = 2), and submandibular gland (n = 1). Four patients were diagnosed before 6 months of age. Histologically, all tumors showed solid organoid nests with primitive basaloid cells, dense fibrous stroma, and mitotic activity ranging from 8 to 25 per 10 high-power fields. Recurrent FGFR2 p.C382R variants were identified in 80% (4/5) of cases. Additional alterations were seen in FGFR2 p.C382R mutated tumors, including PIK3CA hotspot mutations in two cases (p.R88Q, p.R38H) and a truncating FGFR2 variant (p.L776Rfs) in one. The single tumor that lacked FGFR2 mutations harbored a CTNNB1 p.I35T variant and showed more favorable histologic features. Copy number analysis revealed recurrent whole-chromosome gains of chromosomes 8, 10, and 11. CONCLUSION: A distinct subset of sialoblastoma has FGFR2 p.C382R hotspot mutation as the predominant driver mutation. Tumors with this mutation tend to have solid growth pattern, aggressive histologic features, and clinical behavior. The identification of concurrent genomic alterations expands the molecular landscape of this rare tumor. The detection of alternative drivers, such as CTNNB1 hotspot mutations typical of basal cell adenoma, also suggests that a subset of sialoblastoma may represent other salivary gland tumors presenting in infancy.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Efficacy and safety of infigratinib in patients with refractory advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma harboring FGFR2 gene amplification: a single-arm, multicenter phase 2 trial.

BACKGROUND: FGFR2 has garnered attention as a promising therapeutic target for gastric cancer (GC) because of its role in GC progression. Infigratinib, an FGFR1-3 selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has shown potential in preclinical GC models. METHODS: Infigratinib was evaluated in a phase 2 trial for patients with FGFR2-amplified GC or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma who had failed two or more lines of systemic treatment for locally advanced or metastatic disease. A total of 21 patients received 125 mg of infigratinib orally once daily on a "3 weeks on, 1 week off" schedule. RESULTS: Infigratinib showed preliminary antitumor activity in this molecularly selected population, as reflected by a confirmed objective response rate of 23.8% (95% CI, 8.2-47.2) with median progression-free survival of 3.4 months and median overall survival of 6.7 months. The most common grade 3-4 adverse events were elevated aspartate aminotransferase, decreased white blood cell count, and neutropenia. No treatment-related deaths occurred. Exploratory genomic analyses identified alterations in individual patients with disease progression that may be associated with resistance; however, these findings were based on a limited number of cases and should be interpreted as hypothesis-generating. CONCLUSIONS: The findings support continued investigation of FGFR-targeted strategies in FGFR2-amplified GC/GEJ adenocarcinoma, while underscoring the need for larger studies, refined biomarker selection, and deeper characterization of resistance mechanisms. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT05019794, Registered 28 July 2021, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05019794 .

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Elevated Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2 Expression in Tumor-Associated Macrophages Suppresses Cytotoxic T Cell Infiltration and Facilitates Immune Escape in Colorectal Cancer.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Emerging evidence supports a crucial role for tumor-associated macrophages in shaping the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, research has identified that the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 has immunomodulatory functions. The present investigated the potential effect of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 expression in tumor-associated macrophages on facilitating immune evasion in colorectal cancer. METHODS: Immunohistochemical analysis of clinical specimens, complemented by extensive data mining from The Cancer Genome Atlas, revealed a significant upregulation of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 in colorectal cancer-associated tumor-associated macrophages, with this upregulation exhibiting a correlation with poor patient prognosis. RESULTS: Mechanistically, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2+ tumor-associated macrophages were found to drive fibroblast activation through transforming growth factor-β signaling, inducing fibroblast-activated protein-positive cancer-associated fibroblasts that secrete collagen I/III to establish dense peritumoral barriers. Spatial profiling revealed that these fibrous structures physically impede CD8+ T-cell infiltration, restricting cytotoxic lymphocytes to stromal compartments. Intriguingly, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 deficiency enhanced the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase 13 by macrophages, thereby promoting extracellular matrix degradation and improving T-cell penetration. In vivo, Trem2-knockout mice showed a reduction in tumor growth with enhanced intratumoral CD8+ T-cell infiltration compared with wild-type controls. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings establish triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2+ tumor-associated macrophages as central regulators of stromal remodeling and suggest that therapeutic targeting of the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2/transforming growth factor-β/fibroblast-activated protein pathway may overcome immune resistance in patients with colorectal cancer.

Colorectal Neoplasms↗

PubMed1976

Extent of mitogen receptor occupancy and modulation of mitogen receptor exposure: possible mechanisms for the regulation of cell growth.

125I-Insulin was used as a model mitogen to examine the relationships of mitogen receptor occupancy and exposure in controlling cell replication. Labeled hormone was bound to substratum-attached, confluent fibroblasts with two affinities, K1 approximately equal to 2 X 108 M-1 and K2 approximately equal to 0.8 X 107 M-1. Approximately 9,000 receptors per cell were calculated from a scatchboard plot analysis with 80% of them of the affinity type. Treatment of confluent fibroblasts with 1.0 to 10 microng/ml of trypsin for 10 min increasd the number of exposed K2 sites by a factor of 2 to 3. Culturing the fibroblasts in the absence of serum for 12 to 24 hr also increased the quantity of exposed K2 sites to 60,000 per cell. The addition of unlabeled insulin to untreated, trypsin-treated, or serum-starved fibroblasts resulted in a stimulation of 2-deoxyglucose transport and thymidine incorporation activity that was proportional to the observed level of 125I-insulin binding. The quantity of exposed insulin receptors on uninfected fibroblasts decreases as the cell culture density increases. Hormone binding to B77 virus-transformed fibroblasts also decreases with culture density but plateaus at a density of 6 X 105 cells/plate. This resulted in a 2- to 3-fold difference in the level of exposed receptors between the uninfected and virus-transformed cells in confluent cultures, and proportionally higher rates of sugar transport and thymidine incorporation activity. Trypsin treatment and 12 hr of growth in the absence of serum did not result in an increase in the level of recepto exposure in the virus-transformed cells. The results of this study suggest that the pleotypic events associated with the stimulation of cell replication as represented by sugar transport and DNA synthesis are dependent upon and proportional to mitogen receptor occupancy. The control of cell replication, however, appears to be linked by a presently unknown mechanism with the degree of exposure of mitogen recipotrs. Receptor concentration is high and is similar in rapidly growing uninfected and virus-transformed cells, but the subsequent decrease observed with an increase in culture density reaches an early plateau for the transformed cells. This difference in exposed receptors could provide the growth advantage that is the hallmark of transformed cells.

3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases↗

PubMed1978

The fine structure of growing and non-growing whole glia cell preparations.

Human glia cells become blocked in G1 if starved of serum. The characteristics of the GI blocked state are flattening on the substrate, and absence of cell translocation, ruffling and macropinocytosis. Re-entry into the cell cycle, as a result of growth factor stimulation, is accompained and even preceded by the return of this cellular locomotion. We have studied the fine structure of intact human glia cells and ultrathin sections of these cells when proliferating normally in vitro, when starved of serum and during their return to the cell cycle following stimulation with mEGF (mouse epidermal growth factor). Particular attention was paid to morphologically definable components of the cellular musculoskeletal system. Proliferating interphase glia generally had a leading lamella containing few organelles and oriented bundles of 7 nm microfilaments with structureless lamellipodia at their tips, which often formed ruffles. The perinuclear area was thick and contained many cell organelles, including mitochondria and secondary lysosomes. Glia starved of serum were thinly spread; their peripheral cytoplasm was filled with a diffuse mat of microfilaments, they had no structureless lamellipodia and their perinuclear areas, although thinner, contained cell organelles in equal amounts and of similar type of those found in proliferating cells. On EGF stimulation, after approximately 2 hours the perinuclear area of the cells thickened, and structureless lamellipodia subsequently appeared at the tips of the leading lamellae, forming ruffles. The cells finally began to translocate, the process being accompained by the reorientation and packing of the microfilaments into bundles. As the kinetics of EGF binding and break down by glia cells are similar to those described for fibroblasts, the findings do not support the concept of EGF receptor interactions inducing ultrastructurally demonstrable microfilament or other musculoskeletal structural changes in the cell. They do, however, define the differing cellular morphologies of motile and immobile structures.

Cell Division↗

PubMed2025

Genetic evidence for repurposing GLP-1 receptor agonists in chronic kidney disease and IgA nephropathy: Metabolic and anti-inflammatory pathways beyond glycaemic control.

AIMS: Despite observational links between glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and kidney benefits, causal mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to dissect genetic causality and mediation pathways underlying the effects of GLP-1RAs on chronic kidney disease (CKD) and related renal outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using large-scale Genome - Wide Association Study (GWAS) data, we applied two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) to estimate the causal effects of GLP-1RAs on CKD, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and subtypes (IgA nephropathy, membranous nephropathy, nephrotic syndrome and chronic glomerulonephritis), with sensitivity analyses. The glycaemic markers (glycated haemoglobin [HbA1c] and blood glucose), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and diabetic nephropathy (DN) served as positive controls. Mediation MR assessed body mass index (BMI), lipids, glycaemic markers and inflammatory proteins. Data were sourced from MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit Open Genome - Wide Association Studies OpenGWAS, FinnGen, GWAS Catalogue and cohort-specific studies. RESULTS: Positive control analyses revealed that genetically predicted GLP-1R activation was associated with reduced levels of HbA1c (p = 4.93E-15) and blood glucose (p = 9.73E-5), as well as a decreased risk of T2DM (p = 2.45E-4) and DN (p = 6.35E-4), fully validating the reliability of the genetic instruments. Genetic proxies for GLP-1R activation lowered risks of CKD (odds ratio [OR] = 0.83, p = 9.22E-9), immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) (OR = 0.70, p = 2.11E-3) and kidney function preservation (β = 0.01, p = 9.11E-3), but showed null effects on other CKD subtypes. Mediation analyses indicated that fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) suppression mediated 26.57% of the effect on eGFR and 13.50% of CKD protection, whereas metabolic traits (BMI: 2.08% for CKD, 5.51% for eGFR; high-density lipoprotein: 0.79% for CKD, 2.34% for eGFR; HbA1c: 8.25% for eGFR) partially explained the benefits on CKD and eGFR. Only BMI exhibited a mediation effect on IgAN. Sensitivity analyses confirmed minimal pleiotropy. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides robust genetic evidence for repurposing GLP-1RAs in CKD and IgAN through anti-inflammatory (FGF23) and metabolic pathways, extending their utility beyond glucose control. While European ancestry data limit generalisability, our framework prioritises FGF23 and metabolic modulation as key targets for clinical trials in renal protection.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

A phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of vosoritide in children with hypochondroplasia: CANOPY HCH-3 study design.

BACKGROUND: Hypochondroplasia is a skeletal dysplasia characterized by disproportionate short stature that is caused by gain-of-function variants in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 gene (FGFR3), which negatively regulates endochondral bone growth. Current treatments are based on symptom management; there are no treatments targeting the signaling pathways that underlie hypochondroplasia. Vosoritide, a C-type natriuretic peptide analog that counteracts overactive FGFR3 signaling to stimulate endochondral bone growth, is approved for the treatment of achondroplasia in children. A phase 1/2 clinical trial demonstrated that vosoritide treatment for 1 year increased growth in children with hypochondroplasia and was well-tolerated. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of CANOPY HCH-3 are to evaluate the efficacy and safety of vosoritide for the treatment of hypochondroplasia in children. DESIGN: CANOPY HCH-3 was a phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Children aged ≥3 to <18 years with confirmed hypochondroplasia who had ≥6 months of pre-treatment standing height from a prior observational study before randomization were enrolled. Participants were randomized to receive 52 weeks of daily treatment with vosoritide or placebo, followed by 2 weeks of safety follow-up. The primary endpoint is change from baseline in annualized growth velocity at week 52 versus placebo. ETHICS: CANOPY HCH-3 was conducted in accordance with the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences International Ethical Guidelines, the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and of Good Clinical Practice, and applicable laws and regulations. Protocols were approved by relevant local health authorities, ethics committees, and institutions. Written informed consent from the participant, or parent or legal guardian, was obtained prior to any study-related procedures being performed. DISCUSSION: CANOPY HCH-3 will provide further evidence for the efficacy and safety of vosoritide in children with hypochondroplasia.

clinical trial↗

PubMed1979

Direct linkage of thrombin to its cell surface receptors in different cell types.

When 125I-thrombin was incubated with foreskin fibroblasts, cervical carcinoma cells or fibrosarcoma cells of human origin, or with secondary chick embryo cells or Chinese hamster lung cells, it became directly linked to its cell surface receptors. The thrombin-receptor complex (TH-R) was derived exclusively from a pool of 125I-thrombin that had become specifically bound to the cell surface. The linkage was probably covalent, since the complex was resistant to boiling in sodium dodecyl sulfate and 2-mercaptoethanol. Raising the pH to 12 disrupted TH-R, but did not affect a similar complex between epidermal growth factor and its receptor, suggesting that the linkage of these mitogens to their receptors was different. Mild trypsin treatment removed the ability of cells to form TH-R; however, after a 24-h incubation in serum-free medium, trypsin-treated cells recovered the capacity to form TH-R, suggesting that TH-R resulted from interaction of 125I-thrombin with a cellular rather than a serum component. The mitogenic response of cells to thrombin was inversely related to the fraction of specifically bound 125I-thrombin represented by TH-R. The role of TH-R in mitogenesis may be clarified in future studies by obtaining clones of Chinese hamster lung cells that vary in their capacities to form TH-R and to respond to the mitogenic action of thrombin.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

ELN orchestrates prometastatic and immunosuppressive niche in bladder cancer via TGFB1 autocrine signaling.

Bladder cancer (BCa) mortality is mainly driven by metastatic dissemination and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Here, we identify ELN (tropoelastin), an extracellular matrix protein abundantly secreted by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), as a critical determinant of these processes and a marker of poor prognosis. ELN promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), facilitates lymphatic spread, and induces immune dysfunction characterized by macrophage polarization toward an M2 phenotype and T cell exhaustion. Mechanistically, ELN functions as a binding partner of TGF-β receptor 2 (TGFBR2), thereby triggering SMAD2/3-dependent TGF-β1 secretion and establishing a feed forward signaling loop. This ELN/TGFBR2/TGF-β1 axis amplifies metastatic capacity and immunosuppressive signaling, ultimately accelerating disease progression and diminishing responsiveness to immune checkpoint blockade. Functional studies in BCa organoids and murine models demonstrated that pharmacologic blockade of the ELN-TGFBR2 interaction effectively suppressed tumor metastasis and restored antitumor immunity. Collectively, our findings establish ELN as a CAF-derived driver of metastasis and immune evasion in BCa. Targeting the ELN-TGFBR2 interaction offers a promising therapeutic strategy to limit metastatic progression and enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy in this lethal disease.

Animals↗

PubMed2024

Dual diagnosis of achondroplasia and mandibulofacial dysostosis with microcephaly.

BACKGROUND: Achondroplasia and mandibulofacial dysostosis with microcephaly (MFDM) are rare monogenic, dominant disorders, caused by gain-of-function fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene variants and loss-of-function elongation factor Tu GTP binding domain-containing 2 (EFTUD2) gene variants, respectively. The coexistence of two distinct Mendelian disorders in a single individual is uncommon and challenges the traditional paradigm of a single genetic disorder explaining a patient's symptoms, opening new avenues for diagnosis and management. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a case of a female patient initially diagnosed with achondroplasia due to a maternally inherited pathogenic FGFR3 variant. She was referred to our genetic department due to her unusually small head circumference and short stature, which were both significantly below the expected range for achondroplasia. Additional features included distinctive facial characteristics, significant speech delay, conductive hearing loss, and epilepsy. Given the complexity of her phenotype, she was recruited to the DDD (Deciphering Developmental Disorders) study and the 100,000 Genomes project for further investigation. Subsequent identification of a complex EFTUD2 intragenic rearrangement confirmed an additional diagnosis of mandibulofacial dysostosis with microcephaly (MFDM). CONCLUSION: This report presents the first case of a dual molecular diagnosis of achondroplasia and mandibulofacial dysostosis with microcephaly in the same patient. This case underscores the complexity of genetic diagnoses and the potential for coexistence of multiple genetic syndromes in a single patient. This case expands our understanding of the molecular basis of dual Mendelian disorders and highlights the importance of considering the possibility of dual molecular diagnoses in patients with phenotypic features that are not fully accounted for by their primary diagnosis.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Phase 3 Trial of Oral Infigratinib in Children with Achondroplasia.

BACKGROUND: Achondroplasia is a genetic skeletal condition caused by FGFR3 pathogenic variants. Infigratinib, an oral FGFR1-3 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, down-regulates key pathways in the pathogenesis of achondroplasia. METHODS: In this phase 3, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we randomly assigned children with achondroplasia (3 to 17 years of age) in a 2:1 ratio to receive infigratinib (at a dose of 0.25 mg per kilogram of body weight) or placebo once daily for 52 weeks. The primary end point was the change from baseline in the annualized height velocity in the infigratinib group as compared with the placebo group at week 52. Key secondary end points were the change from baseline in the height z score and in the upper-to-lower body segment ratio at week 52. The primary analysis evaluated the treatment effect at week 52 in the full analysis population, with missing data handled with a prespecified imputation approach. RESULTS: In all, 114 patients underwent randomization: 75 patients to receive infigratinib (with 1 withdrawal before treatment) and 39 patients to receive placebo. The difference between infigratinib and placebo in the least-squares mean change from baseline to week 52 was 1.74 cm per year (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31 to 2.17; P<0.001) for the annualized height velocity, 0.32 (96% CI, 0.23 to 0.41; P<0.001) for the height z score, and -0.02 (96% CI, -0.06 to 0.01) for the upper-to-lower body segment ratio. Adverse events occurred in 71 of 74 patients (96%) in the infigratinib group and in 37 of 39 patients (95%) in the placebo group; serious adverse events occurred in 4 of 74 patients (5%) and 1 of 39 patients (3%), respectively. No serious adverse events or adverse events leading to treatment discontinuation were considered by the investigator to be related to infigratinib or placebo. CONCLUSIONS: In children with achondroplasia, treatment with once-daily oral infigratinib for 52 weeks resulted in a significantly greater increase from baseline in the annualized height velocity than placebo. (Funded by BridgeBio Pharma; PROPEL 3 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT06164951; EudraCT number, 2023-506130-67.).

Adolescent↗