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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Digestion of fat does not differ in growing pigs fed diets containing fish oil, rapeseed oil or coconut oil.

We studied the digestion of fat and fatty acids in diets containing oils with different fatty acid composition. Four barrows (initial weight 35 kg) were fitted with a simple T-cannula at the terminal ileum. Three wheat starch and fish meal-based diets were formulated to contain either 150 g fish oil, rapeseed oil or coconut oil/kg. A basal diet, which did not contain oil, was also prepared. The diets were fed according to a 4 x 4 Latin square design. Each experimental period comprised 5 d adaptation to the diets, 3 d fecal collection and 2 d digesta collection. The apparent ileal and fecal digestibilities of fat were relatively high (88 - 93%). The ileal digestibilities of total, saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids did not differ among the diets. However, the digestibilities of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the fish and rapeseed oil diets were higher (P < 0.05) than in the coconut oil diet. The ileal digestibilities of 18:1, 18:2 and 18:3 in the rapeseed oil diet ranged from 94 to 97%. The ileal digestion of the unsaturated long-chain fatty acids 20:5(n-3) and 22:6(n-3) in the fish oil diet was nearly complete (97 - 98%). Apparent fecal digestibilities of saturated fatty acids (76 - 89%) were lower than apparent ileal digestibilities (89 - 94%). The digestibilities of fat and fatty acids were relatively high when pigs were fed diets containing fish oil, rapeseed oil or coconut oil. There were few differences in the digestibilities of saturated, monounsaturated and PUFA in the fish oil, rapeseed oil or coconut oil diets.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Heart pathology in rats fed partially hydrogenated fish oil, rapeseed oil or peanut oil for 30 weeks.

132 male Sprague-Dawley rats were given diets for 30 weeks including rapeseed oil with 41.4% erucic acid, partially hydrogenated fish oil with 15.1% docosenoic acids, or peanut oil with no docosenoic acids. Four diets were isocaloric and contained respectively 21% rapeseed oil (8.7% w/w erucic acid), 10.5% rapeseed oil and 10.5% peanut oil (4.4% w/w erucic acid), 21% partially hydrogenated fish oil (3.2% w/w docosenoic acids) and 21% peanut oil. The fifth diet contained 4.3% peanut oil. The relative heart weights increased in rats fed rapeseed oil and partially hydrogenated fish oil, and abnormally enlarged hearts were found in 32% of the rats fed 21% rapeseed oil and in 5% of those fed 10.5% rapeseed oil. Heart lesions consisting of focal or confluent destruction of muscle cells were seen in all groups. The incidence was 96% and the average severity grade 2.5 when 21% rapeseed oil was given, and 61% and 1.3 respectively when 10.5% rapeseed oil was given. Minor heart lesions were found in 14% of the rats fed 21% partially hydrogenated fish oil, in 39% of those fed 21% peanut oil and in 12% when 4.3% peanut oil was given. It is concluded that partially hydrogenated fish oil is markedly less cardiopathogenic than high erucic rapeseed oil. The heart lesions that were found do not differ in incidence, severity or morphology from those found when peanut oil was given, or from those reported when other control fats and oils are given to rats for prolonged feeding periods.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1996

Exocrine pancreatic secretions in growing pigs fed diets containing fish oil, rapeseed oil or coconut oil.

Two experiments were performed to study the effect of feeding diets containing oils with different fatty acid composition on exocrine pancreatic secretions in growing pigs using two different methods to collect pancreatic juice. In the first experiment, three barrows (initial weight 37 kg) were fitted with a pancreatic pouch re-entrant cannula. An isolated pouch was prepared where the pancreatic duct enters the duodenum. In the second experiment, also using three barrows (initial weight 32 kg), a catheter was inserted into the pancreatic duct. Three wheat starch and fish meal-based diets were formulated to contain either 15 g fish oil, rapeseed oil or coconut oil/100 g. In both experiments, the diets were fed according to a 3 times 3 Latin square design. The volume of pancreatic juice secreted, pH and secretion of bicarbonate, protein, amylase, trypsin, lipase and colipase were not significantly affected by the diets in the first experiment. In the second experiment, chymotrypsin secretion was significantly greater in pigs fed the coconut oil diet, and secretion of carboxyl ester hydrolase was significantly higher in pigs fed the fish oil diet. When compared qualitatively, pigs in Experiment 2 secreted more pancreatic juice; the pancreatic juice had a higher pH, and trypsin, carboxyl ester hydrolase and colipase secretions were substantially higher whereas amylase secretion was lower than for pigs in Experiment 1. The fatty acid composition of the different oils had minor effects on exocrine pancreatic secretion in growing pigs. However, there were considerable differences between the two surgical methods used to collect pancreatic juice, and these differences may be explained by physiological changes induced by the two methods.

Amylases↗
PubMed1979

The effect of feeding rats with partially hydrogenated marine oil or rapeseed oil on the chain shortening of erucic acid in perfused heart.

1. The metabolism of [14(-14)C]erucic acid and [U-14C]palmitic acid was studied in perfused hearts from rats fed diets containing hydrogenated marine oil, rapeseed oil or peanut oil for three weeks. 2. [14C]Erucic acid was shortened to [14C]eicosenoic acid (20 : 1, n -- 9) and [14C]oleic acid (18 : 1, n -- 9) in perfused rat hearts from all diet groups. The rapeseed oil diet caused a three-fold increase and the marine oil diet a four-fold increase in the amount of chain-shortened products recovered in heart lipids at the end of perfusion, compared to peanut oil diet. 3. The content of C16:1, C18:1 and C20:1 fatty acids was increased in heart lipids of rats fed hydrogenated marine oil or rapseed oil diet, compared to peanut oil diet. 4. Feeding hydrogenated marine oil or rapeseed oil to the rats induced a 85% increase in catalase activity, a 20% increase in the activity of cytochrome oxidase and a 30--40% increase in the content of total CoA in the heart compared to rats fed peanut oil diet. 5. It is suggested that [14(-14)C]erucic acid is shortened by the beta-oxidation system of peroxisomes in the heart. The increased chain shortening in the hearts from animals fed rapeseed oil or partially hydrogenated marine oil for three weeks may be an important part of an adaptation process.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Olive oil and rapeseed oil differ in their effect on plasma low-density lipoprotein metabolism in the guinea-pig.

The effects of olive oil and rapeseed oil, two different high-oleic-acid oils, on plasma LDL and hepatic cholesterol metabolism were compared in guinea-pigs. Animals were fed on semipurified diet containing 150 g fat/kg as either olive oil (OL), rapeseed oil plus 100 g palm oil/kg (C-P) or olive oil plus 350 g safflowerseed oil/kg (OL-S). Olive oil was enriched with safflowerseed oil (OL-S diet) to increase linoleic acid and to decrease palmitic acid concentrations, in order to evaluate whether differences in plasma LDL concentrations were due to intrinsic effects of the specific oil (rapeseed or olive oil) or to differences in the content of specific fatty acids. No differences due to dietary fat source were found in plasma total and HDL-cholesterol levels or in LDL composition. Plasma LDL-cholesterol levels were lower on the C-P diet than the OL diet (P < 0.05) while plasma LDL-cholesterol levels in animals fed on the OL-S diet were not significantly different from either dietary group (P > 0.05). The number of hepatic apo B/E (LDL) receptors was on average 25% higher in animals fed on the C-P diet compared with those fed on diets containing olive oil. Likewise, cardiac muscle lipoprotein lipase (EC 3.1.1.34) activity was significantly higher in the C-P group than in the OL and OL-S dietary groups. Dietary fat source had no effect on hepatic cholesterol levels or 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG) CoA reductase (EC 1.1.1.34) activity. The results indicate that olive oil and rapeseed oil, both rich sources of monounsaturated fatty acids, differ in their effect on LDL metabolism in the guinea-pig.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Replacement of butter on bread by rapeseed oil and rapeseed oil-containing margarine: effects on plasma fatty acid composition and serum cholesterol.

The effects of zero-erucic acid rapeseed oil and rapeseed oil-containing margarine on plasma fatty acid composition and serum cholesterol were studied in butter users (n 43). Compliance to the substitution was followed by fatty acid analysis of total plasma and plasma phospholipids. The amount of substitute fats represented, on average, 21% of total fat and 8% of total energy intake. Changes in the relative fatty acid composition of plasma phospholipids indicated further fatty acid metabolism, and were closely related to the serum cholesterol level. The reduction in saturated fatty acids led to a significant increase in the proportion of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) with the rapeseed oil diet, whereas the margarine caused a significant rise in n-6 PUFA only. The increase in the proportions of the two PUFA families occurred in accordance with their competitive order, most completely with the rapeseed oil diet. When butter was replaced by rapeseed oil, low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol decreased by an average of 9.1% without a reduction in high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol. During margarine substitution the reduction was 5.2%, on average. Of the plasma phospholipids, alpha-linolenic acid and the linoleic:stearic acid ratio, but not oleic acid, were the components most significantly correlated with serum cholesterol levels or the decrease in these levels. The results show that rapeseed oil can act primarily as a source of essential fatty acids, rather than that of monoenes, in the diet of butter users.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Effect of marine oil and rapeseed oil on composition of fatty acids in lipoprotein triacylglycerols from rat blood plasma and liver perfusate.

The fatty acid patterns of triacylglycerols (TG) from very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) in blood plasma and liver-perfusate from rats fed partially hydrogenated marine oil or rapeseed oil were determined. In the plasma from rats fed rapeseed oil for three days and three weeks, there was a small but significant decrease in the percentage of 22:1 fatty acid from 17.2 to 11.2% with length of feeding. In liver-perfusate, the comparable decrease with dietary rapeseed oil was from 18.5 to 5.2%, and with dietary marine oil from 13.4 to 8.0%. In contrast to the liver-perfusate, the remaining liver had only a very low 22:1 composition (ca 2%) independent of feeding period or diet. The results indicated that the liver exported the very long chain fatty acids and that an adaptation took place after three days feeding with rapeseed oil or marine oil. This adaptation in the liver could possibly explain why TG accumulation in hearts, which appears after three days' feeding with rapeseed oil or marine oil, disappears after an extended feeding period.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Lipolytic activity and degradation of rapeseed oil and rapeseed by spoilage fungi.

Aspergillus, Eurotium and Penicillium spp. from rapeseed were able to grow and produce lipases over a range of water activities (aw) at both 15 and 25 degrees C on tributyrin agar. The ability to produce lipases was not directly related to growth rate. The clearing zone: growth rate ratios gave lipase indices which varied markedly between test fungi and with aw. The fungi with the highest indices were Aspergillus candidus and Aspergillus versicolor and Penicillium expansum and Penicillium hordei. The Aspergillus spp. generally grew faster on a 1% crude rapeseed oil at 25 degrees C and 0.995 and 0.95 aw than on the tributyrin agar. P. hordei degraded the rapeseed oil more rapidly than Eurotium amstelodami or Penicillium aurantiogriseum, with optimum activity at 0.98 aw. E. amstelodami was the least effective at degrading the rapeseed oil under all aw conditions. The lipase indices were compared with the ability of the test fungi to degrade irradiated rapeseed. Dry matter loss over 4-week periods were greater at 25 than 15 degrees C, regardless of aw. At 15 degrees C, Penicillium spp. caused significantly greater dry matter losses than Aspergillus spp. A. niger degraded rapeseed faster than other Aspergillus spp. tested at 0.98 aw, but at 0.95 and 0.90 aw there was little difference between species.

Ascomycota↗
PubMed2001

Replacement of fish oil with rapeseed oil in diets of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) affects tissue lipid compositions and hepatocyte fatty acid metabolism.

Duplicate groups of Atlantic salmon post-smolts were fed five practical-type diets in which the added lipid was 100% fish oil [FO; 0% rapeseed oil (0% RO)], 90% FO + 10% RO (10% RO), 75% FO + 25% RO (25% RO), 50% FO + 50% RO (50% RO) or 100% RO, for a period of 17 wk. There were no effects of diet on growth rate or feed conversion nor were any histopathological lesions found in liver, heart, muscle or kidney. The greatest accumulation of muscle lipid was in fish fed 0% RO, which corresponded to significantly lower muscle protein in this group. The highest lipid levels in liver were found in fish fed 100% RO. Fatty acid compositions of muscle lipid correlated with RO inclusion in that the proportions of 18:1(n-9), 18:2(n-6) and 18:3(n-3) all increased with increasing dietary RO (r = 0.98-1.00, P < 0.013). The concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid [20:5(n-3)] and docosahexaenoic acid [22:6(n-3)] in muscle lipid were significantly reduced (P < 0.05), along with total saturated fatty acids, with increasing dietary RO. Diet-induced changes in liver fatty acid compositions were broadly similar to those in muscle. Hepatic fatty acid desaturation and elongation activities, measured using [1-(14)C] 18:3(n-3), were increased with increasing dietary RO. Limited supplies of marine fish oils require that substitutes be found if growth in aquaculture is to be maintained such that fish health and product quality are not compromised. Thus, RO can be used successfully as a substitute for fish oil in the culture of Atlantic salmon in sea water although at levels of RO >50% of dietary lipid, substantial reductions occur in muscle 20:5(n-3), 22:6(n-3) and the (n-3)/(n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio, which will result in reduced availability of the (n-3) highly unsaturated fatty acids that are beneficial for human health.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Changes in the acyl and alkenyl group composition of cardiac phospholipids in boars fed corn oil or rapeseed oil.

Boars fed diets containing rapeseed oil for 8 weeks showed significantly higher levels of neutral lipids and similar levels of phospholipids, compared to those fed corn oil. Erucic and eicosenoic acids were found to be high in ethanolamine phosphoglycerides, and in particular alkenyl acyl-ethanolamine phosphoglyceride. Furthermore, both long chain monoenes were incorporated preferentially in position 2 of the choline and ethanolamine phosphoglycerides. The alkenyl group composition of the cardiac lipids of pigs was influenced by dietary fatty acids. When rapeseed oil was fed, small amounts of 20:1 and 22:1 alkenyl constituents were detected.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Statistical analysis of the size of heart mitochondria in rats fed sunflower oil, primor oil or rapeseed oil.

The size distribution of heart mitochondria was studied in Wistar rats fed for 24 weeks a diet containing sunflower oil, primor oil or rapessed oil. The animals fed rapeseed oil showed larger heart mitochondria than the two other groups. This result could be attributed both to the presence of giant mitochondria and to an increase in size of the whole mitochondrial population. No difference was observed between the sunflower oil group and the primor oil group.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Effects of diets containing olive oil, sunflower oil, or rapeseed oil on the hemostatic system.

Various studies have already shown that the fatty acid composition of dietary fat has different effects on hemostasis and platelet function. However, knowledge on this topic is incomplete. In the present study, fifty-eight healthy students received either a 4-week rapeseed oil [high content of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and high n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio], an olive oil (high content of MUFA, low n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio) or a sunflower oil (low content of MUFA, low n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio) diet. In each group, effects on hemostatic parameters were compared with a wash-in diet rich in saturated fatty acids with respect to intermediate-time effects on the hemostatic system and platelet function. With the olive oil diet, a reduction of coagulation factors VIIc, XIIc, XIIa, and Xc was found, whereas sunflower oil led to lower values of coagulation factors XIIc, XIIa, and IXc. In all study groups levels of plasmin-alpha2-antiplasmin were lower in week 4 than at baseline. Lower fibrinogen binding on platelets was found after the sunflower oil diet, whereas expression of CD62 and spontaneous platelet aggregation were slightly higher after the olive oil diet. However, given the major differences in the fatty acid compositions of the diets, the differences between the groups with respect to hemostasis tended to be small. Therefore, the clinical significance of the present findings remains to be evaluated.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Ruminal lipid balance and intestinal digestion by dairy cows fed calcium salts of rapeseed oil fatty acids or rapeseed oil.

The effects of supplemental calcium salts of rapeseed oil fatty acids (FA) and rapeseed oil on ruminal metabolism and apparent digestibility of lipids in the small intestine were studied using three multiparous Holstein x Friesian cows in a 3 x 3 Latin square design. Cows fitted with ruminal, duodenal, and ileal cannulas were fed restricted amounts of a control diet (C) containing 65% corn silage and 35% concentrate mix or diet C with supplemental calcium salts of rapeseed oil FA (S) or diet C supplemented with rapeseed oil (O). Fatty acid contents were 1.9, 8.4, and 7.6% for diets C, S, and O, respectively. The average flow of total FA to the duodenum was lower than the intake for supplemented treatments, suggesting catabolism of FA by ruminal microbes. Fatty acid flows at the duodenum were higher (P < .10) for diets supplemented with fat than for diet C, except for C18: 3(n-3) and straight-chain and branched-chain C15 and C17. Fat treatment affected total and individual FA flow to the ileum, except C14:0 and C18:2(n-6) and excreted amount of individual FA, except C14:0, C16:0, and total C18:1. In our trial, the addition of fat, regardless of origin, affected small intestinal digestibilities of C14:0 and C18:2(n-6) and did not affect changes in the amount of FA in the hindgut.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1976

Myocardial lipids and nucleotides of rats fed olive oil or rapeseed oil.

After 1 week, the level of myocardial fatty acids was 4 times greater in young rats fed high erucic rapeseed oil than in those fed oliver oil. The proportion of erucic acid was 5.6% in the mitochondrial fraction, 15.1% in the microsomal fraction, and 34.8% in the floating fat fraction. This incorporation of erucic acid into triglycerides of the floating fat was evidence of esterification. The changes in the mitochondrial lipids did not alter the content of adenine nucleotides of the myocardium nor its apparent capacity to oxidize substrates.

Adenine Nucleotides↗
PubMed1979

Comparison of lipid status in the hearts of piglets and rats on short term feeding of marine oils and rapeseed oils.

A series of 4 experiments with piglets and one experiment with rats has been conducted to establish the cardiac lipid status of weanling (3 weeks old) male animals fed fats with different contents of docosenoic fatty acids. Experimental fats were rapeseed oil (RSO) (48.0% 22:1), refined fish oil (RFO) (14.6% 22:1), partially hydrogenated fish oil (PHFO) (14.3% 22:1) and lard (0% 22:1) combined with sunflower seed oil (SFO) in different proportions in diets with 21% total fat. Lipidosis could not be detected in piglets as increased heart weights, by chemical assay for myocardial contents of triglycerides, or by accumulation of docosenoic fatty acids or nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA). In rats, diets with RSO at a level of 16% increased myocardial triglyceride and docosenoic fatty acid contents about 7 times while the effect on cardiac NEFA was inconsistent. Histological examinations of the hearts revealed stainable intracellular fat droplets in some piglets fed 16% RSO for 8 to 13 days, but not after 2, 4 and 6 and 16, 19 and 22 days of feeding. After 10 days of feeding, mild to moderate histological lipidosis was found in piglets fed diets containing 2% or more of 22:1 fatty acids, with no significant difference between RSO, RFO and PHFO in this respect. The same diets in rats gave about 5 times more histological lipidosis than in piglets. This is attributed to a difference in species response, the rat reacting in a more pronounced manner than the piglet. The cardiac lipidosis no-effect level in piglets corresponded to a daily intake of docosenoic fatty acids of 0.4 g per kg body weight. Mild lipidosis was also found in a few animals on docosenoic acid-free diets.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2000

Dietary docosahexaenoic acid ameliorates, but rapeseed oil and safflower oil accelerate renal injury in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats as compared with soybean oil, which is associated with expression for renal transforming growth factor-beta, fibronectin and renin.

We have noted that n-3 fatty acid-rich oils, such as fish oil, perilla oil and flaxseed oil as well as ethyl docosahexaenoate (DHA) prolonged the survival time of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) rats by approximately 10% as compared with linoleate (n-6)-rich safflower oil. Rapeseed oil with a relatively low n-6/n-3 ratio unusually shortened the survival time by approximately 40%, suggesting the presence of minor components unfavorable to SHRSP rats. This study examined the effects of dietary oils and DHA on renal injury and gene expression related to renal injury in SHRSP rats. Rats fed rapeseed oil- and safflower oil-supplemented diets developed more severe proteinuria than those fed soybean oil-supplemented diet used as a control, but there were no significant differences in blood pressure. In contrast, the DHA-supplemented diet inhibited the development of proteinuria and suppressed hypertension. The mRNA levels for renal TGF-beta, fibronectin and renin were higher in the rapeseed oil and safflower oil groups after 9 weeks of feeding of the experimental diet than in the soybean oil and DHA groups. The fatty acid composition of kidney phospholipids was markedly affected by these diets. These results indicate that the renal injury observed in the groups fed safflower oil with a high n-6/n-3 ratio and rapeseed oil with presumed minor components is accompanied by increased expression of the TGF-beta, renin and fibronectin genes, and that dietary DHA suppresses renal injury and gene expression as compared with soybean oil.

Animals↗