Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Radiography, Bitewing”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Comparison between Scanora panoramic radiography and bitewing radiography in the assessment of marginal bone tissue.

OBJECTIVES: To compare panoramic radiographs made with the Scanora dental program and bitewing radiographs in the assessment of marginal bone tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Panoramic and posterior bitewing radiographs were made for 96 consecutive patients. Six observers assessed marginal bone level, and five observers identified the presence or absence of vertical bone defects and furcation involvements. Observer agreement was calculated. RESULTS: Assessments of the marginal bone level with the two methods were identical for 57% of the sites. If a difference of one score was allowed, assessments for 95% of the sites were in agreement. Vertical bone defects and furcation involvement were detected with an agreement of 93%. Ranges of kappa indexes for intra-observer agreement on assessments of the marginal bone level were 0.37-0.46 in panoramic radiography and 0.31-0.55 in bitewing radiography. Ranges for agreement on detection of vertical bone defects were 0.52-0.63 and 0.47-0.56 and on detection of furcation involvements 0.64-0.79 and 0.66-0.77, respectively. The kappa index for inter-observer agreement on marginal bone level was 0.28 for panoramic and 0.29 for bitewing radiography. Corresponding figures for detection of vertical bone defects were 0.38 and 0.35 and for detection of furcation involvement 0.56 and 0.67. CONCLUSIONS: For those sites or teeth that are possible to assess, the diagnostic information available with Scanora panoramic radiography is comparable to that with bitewing radiography for marginal bone tissue. Therefore, Scanora dental panoramic radiography is a valuable diagnostic alternative in the primary examination of the periodontal status.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

An investigation into the use of bitewing radiography in children in Greater Glasgow.

AIM: In recent years there have been a number of reviews and guidelines published with respect to the diagnosis and management of caries in children. Bitewing radiography remains the recommended method of choice for caries diagnosis in most circumstances. The aims of the study were to investigate the usage of bitewing radiography by general dental practitioners (GDPs) in Greater Glasgow, for the diagnosis of caries in children and to assess the usefulness of the technique as perceived by these dental practitioners. DESIGN: A questionnaire for self completion was sent to all GDPs with an NHS list number in the Greater Glasgow area. RESULTS: An 80% response rate was obtained with 303 GDPs responding. Less than half the dentists (44%) indicated that they always carried out caries risk assessments for all children, but 71% reported doing this for 6 and 7-year-old children. Approximately 60% of dentists stated they had read the recent radiation and caries management guidelines. Only 72% stated that they used radiography as a caries diagnostic tool in children, with 12 GDPs (4%) indicating they would never consider using bitewing radiography in children. Only 17% would consider taking bitewing radiographs in children under 6 years, and the majority of dentists (61%) reported that they would first consider taking radiographs in the 6-11-year-old age group. However, only a low proportion of children in this age band had dental x-rays taken. Bitewing radiography was considered to be more important for 12-year-olds than for 6-year-olds. Recommended methods for decreasing radiation exposure such as rectangular collimation and film holders were not being used universally, with 41% and 58% respectively using these devices. CONCLUSIONS: A significant proportion of dentists in Greater Glasgow are not complying with recent guidelines and recommendations and it would appear that the value of bitewing radiography as a diagnostic tool in children is not being fully exploited.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of proximal caries detection in primary teeth between laser fluorescence and bitewing radiography.

PURPOSE: The purposes of this in vitro study were to: (1) compare the accuracy of a laser fluorescence system (DIAGNOdent) in proximal caries diagnosis in primary teeth with that of bitewing radiography, using the histological examination as a gold standard; and (2) evaluate the reliability of the DIAGNOdent examination. METHODS: Included were 107 extracted primary molars without obvious cavities on proximal surfaces. The teeth were examined by 2 examiners using DIAGNOdent directly on the lesions (without contact; ie, proximal surfaces were not in contact with other teeth) and indirectly (with contact; ie, proximal surfaces were in contact with adjacent teeth). To simulate contacting teeth, the studied surface was set adjacent to a sound surface in a wax base. The contacting teeth were also diagnosed using bitewing radiography. Results of the diagnoses were compared with a histological gold standard. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for each diagnostic system. Inter- and intraexaminer reliabilities of DIAGNOdent were calculated using intraclass correlation (ICC). RESULTS: At the dentine caries (D3) level, the sensitivities of bitewing radiography (with contacting teeth) and DIAGNOdent with and without contacting teeth (direct application) were 0.41, 0.85 and 0.93, respectively, and the specificities were 1, 0.89, and 0.87, respectively. Both inter- and intraexaminer reliabilities using DIAGNOdent with and without contacting teeth (direct application) were very high (ICC=0.97 to 0.99). CONCLUSIONS: The reliability of DIAGNOdent is very high and its diagnostic validity (sum of sensitivity and specificity) is higher than that of bitewing radiography for proximal caries detection in primary teeth.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2000

The real performance of bitewing radiography and fiber-optic transillumination in approximal caries diagnosis.

For both general practitioners and researchers in caries diagnostics, the true validity of available diagnostic techniques is of considerable interest. Yet, for both bitewing radiography and fiber-optic transillumination, this is still not accurately known, nor is it clear which of the two techniques performs best clinically. This study's purpose was to estimate the clinical performance of the two techniques in diagnosing approximal caries lesions in low-caries-prevalence populations. Clinical studies that compare the two techniques were selected from literature. We determined 2 x 2 contingency tables from these studies and calculated one overall contingency table. The cut-off for decay was at dentinal caries. Assuming that erroneous outcomes from both techniques are mutually independent, we expressed diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the two techniques as functions of the contingency table cell contents, with caries prevalence as the parameter. Because the caries prevalence was unknown, every sensitivity and specificity value was possible. From the conditions that sensitivity, specificity, and caries prevalence are always between one and zero, a limited range of sensitivity and specificity values was obtained. Three situations were examined: Bitewing radiography specificity is 1, fiber-optic transillumination specificity is 1, and both specificities are equal. Under these conditions, the bitewing radiography sensitivity was between 1.00 and 0.71 +/- 0.01, and the fiber-optic transillumination sensitivity was between 0.70 +/- 0.01 and 0.50 +/- 0.02. Both specificities were between 1.00 and 0.99. We concluded that the two techniques have comparable specificities. but that the fiber-optic transillumination sensitivity is significantly lower than that for bitewing radiography.

Dental Caries↗
PubMed1991

Risk assessment from bitewing radiography.

The effective dose equivalent and the effective dose from bitewing radiography have been estimated for three different X-ray sets under 10 different exposure conditions using the ICRP 26 (1977) and the ICRP 60 (1990) recommendations. The results of dose measurements in the head and neck with an Alderson Rando phantom and thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLD-100 ribbons) were used (Velders XL et al. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 1991; 20: 161-5). The effective dose equivalent (ICRP 26) was calculated using the salivary glands and brain as remainder organs. The highest effective dose equivalent was 11 microSv for the Philips Oralix 50 unit with a round, pointed cone; the lowest was 2 microSv for the X-ray sets with a rectangular open-ended tube. The highest effective dose using the ICRP 60 weighting factors was 4 microSv for the Oralix 50, the lowest 1 microSv for the X-ray sets with a rectangular open-ended tube. The probability of stochastic effects was calculated as at the most 0.18 x 10(-6) using a nominal probability coefficient of 165 x 10(-4) Sv-1 (ICRP 26); when using the ICRP 60 recommendations (where the nominal probability coefficient for stochastic effects including non-fatal cancer is 730 x 10(-4) Sv-1) the maximum probability was 0.25-0.31 x 10(-6). The maximum probability of fatal cancer induction was calculated as 0.18 x 10(-4) for both fatal probability coefficients, 125 x 10(-4) Sv-1 in ICRP 26 and 500 x 10(-4) Sv-1 in ICRP 60. The calculated probability of the total stochastic effects is nearly twice as high when using the new recommendations, whilst the estimated probability of fatal cancer induction is of the same order of magnitude with both.

Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation↗
PubMed2004

Bitewing and digital bitewing radiography for detection of caries lesions.

When radiography is applied in the clinic for caries detection, the recommended technique is bitewing projection (Gröndahl, 1994). This technique was introduced by Raper (1925) and has continued with only minor alterations. The aims of this report are to provide evidence for (1) optimal bitewing recording for individual examinations and clinical trials, (2) advantages and disadvantages of digital receptors for bitewing examinations, (3) the diagnostic outcomes and limitations of bitewing radiography, and (4) computer-automated detection of caries.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1994

Prediction of the need for bitewing radiography in detecting caries in the primary dentition.

In recent literature some controversy has been reported regarding the prescription of bitewing radiography for caries diagnosis, particularly in children. While the low prevalence of caries justified the decision not to take radiographs, it has also been reported that the benefits of detecting slowly progressing, clinically undetectable lesions could outweigh the "costs" of radiography. It was the aim of this study to investigate whether specific risk factors could predict the presence of additional dentinal lesions (ADL) in the primary dentition on radiographs which could not be detected by visual inspection. Bitewing radiographs were taken in 182 children aged 5 yr. Risk factors for ADL were identified and appropriate rating scales were designed. Sensitivities, specificities and relative risks expressing the relation between scale values and ADL were computed for each of the risk factors and direct and stepwise discriminant analyses were performed. The results indicate that particularly the presence of lactobacilli and mutans streptococci in saliva and the detection of three or more discolored enamel lesions or dentinal lesions were good predictors of ADL. It is suggested that these risk factors be used in the timing of bitewing radiography in children with a primary dentition.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1993

Radiovisiographic diagnosis of dental caries: initial comparison of basic mode videoprints with bitewing radiography.

Radiovisiography (RVG) is a commercially available, dental radiographic digital imaging system which is claimed to rival conventional techniques in terms of decreased radiation dose and the production of instantaneous images. The aim of this study was to compare in vitro the sensitivities and specificities derived from three examiners using conventional bitewing radiographic film (D and E speed) with those achieved by the same examiners using basic mode RVG bitewing videoprints of occlusal and approximal caries. Videoprints were used in this study, as they are the principal method of archiving radiovisiographic images, unless a separate compatible personal computer is used. The histological appearance of the subsequently sectioned teeth was used as the validating criterion. The in vitro results of basic mode RVG suggest that for occlusal caries, overall the sensitivity and specificity of RVG videoprints are similar to those of bitewing radiography. For approximal caries, the specificity of RVG videoprints was similar to that of bitewing radiography, but the sensitivity was slightly lower. Further work using the different modes available and electronically modified images is indicated.

Dental Caries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of bitewing radiography and fibreoptic illumination as adjuncts to the clinical identification of approximal caries in primary and permanent molars.

A clinical study was conducted on 150 approximal surfaces which were positive for caries by fibreoptic transillumination (FOTI), and these approximal surfaces were examined with bitewing radiography. Of these 54.7% and 41.3% were diagnosable through bitewing radiography and clinical examination respectively. And it was clearly understood that FOTI was a reliable method in detecting approximal carious lesions.

Dental Caries↗
PubMed1996

A two-centre study to determine dentists' agreement with current guidelines on the frequency of bitewing radiography.

The main aim of this study was to compare the intervals between initial and recall bitewing radiography recommended by general dental practitioners (GDPs) with those advocated in published guidelines. A questionnaire containing eight clinical scenarios was distributed to GDPs in two areas of England, Birmingham (fluoridated) and Manchester (non-fluoridated). The response rate was 70.8%. There was considerable agreement (> 66.0%) with recommended guidelines for all low caries risk scenarios, but in three out of the four high caries risk scenarios a minority of dentists were in agreement (< 49.5%). In high caries risk scenarios there was a tendency to over prescription with adult patients and under-prescription for patients in the mixed dentition. For all low risk scenarios except the youngest patient, there was a significantly greater agreement with the guidelines amongst Birmingham dentists, with the Manchester group having a greater tendency to over-prescription. This difference may be related to the effects of fluoridation of the water supply in the Birmingham area. There was generally greater agreement with the guidelines amongst younger dentists, with their older colleagues tending to under-prescription. The results suggest that greater emphasis on selection criteria in continuing education of dentists is required.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Absorbed dose to organs in the head and neck from bitewing radiography.

Dose measurements were carried out to estimate the absorbed dose to organs at risk from bitewing radiography under exposure conditions similar to those found in general dental practice in The Netherlands. The measurements were carried out in the head and neck of a Rando phantom using TLD-100 ribbons. Three different X-ray machines were used simulating 10 different exposure conditions to determine the effects of beam energy, beam size and focus-skin distance on the absorbed dose. The absorbed dose in the primary beam, close to the focal spot, decreased as the beam energy increased, while behind the film plane it increased with the beam energy. Outside the primary beam, at short distances from the skin surface, the absorbed dose decreased as the energy increased, while behind the film plane and at greater distances from the primary beam the absorbed dose increased as the beam energy increased. The absorbed dose was significantly lower for smaller beam sizes and for larger focus-skin distances, independent of beam energy.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1996

Factors influencing the frequency of bitewing radiography in general dental practice.

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of a range of patient and dentist factors on the prescription of bitewing radiography. A postal questionnaire of general dental practitioners working in the Birmingham and Manchester areas of England was used. Dentists were requested to score the influence of 15 factors upon their decision whether or not to take bitewing radiographs. Some of these factors were chosen to represent accepted "high caries risk" factors, some "low risk" factors, while others were chosen as they should be irrelevant to prescription of bitewing radiographs. There was a questionnaire response of 70.8%. Dentists recognized accepted high caries risk factors as being an indicator for bitewing radiography but the influence of low caries risk factors was less clear. Only "good oral hygiene" and the presence of "few restorations" were perceived as relevant to bitewing prescription, while fissure sealants were seen as an influence in favour of radiography by almost one third of dentists. Dentists tended to be influenced in their radiographic practice by the opinions of patients and fears of medico-legal consequences. Pregnancy was seen as contra-indicatory for bitewings by almost all dentists. These results suggest that greater emphasis should be placed upon radiographic selection criteria in dental education.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Wavelength-dependent fibre-optic transillumination of small approximal caries lesions: the use of a dye, and a comparison to bitewing radiography.

The mere detection of caries lesions is insufficient for optimal treatment decision-making. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate whether quantitative information about approximal lesion depth can be obtained from a technique based on the wavelength dependency of light propagation and additional use of a dye. Another aim was to compare the diagnostic performance of the optical technique and bitewing radiography. Measurements were performed on 33 extracted premolar teeth. Twelve proximal surfaces had white-spot, and 17 had discoloured small lesions. Four surfaces were sound. The teeth were transilluminated with a single glass fibre at the approximal surface before and after dye application. The occlusal surface was imaged with a CCD camera. Light in the blue and red part of the electromagnetic spectrum was selected using Schott glass filters. Average decadic optical thickness differences, delta bl-rd tau eff, were estimated and plotted as a function of normalised lesion depth, dhist, established from histological validation by two observers. The Spearman rank correlation was rs (delta bl-rd tau eff, dhist) = 0.87 (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.74-0.94). A marked increase in average decadic optical thickness in the blue part of the electromagnetic spectrum, delta dye tau eff, was observed for those lesion that, upon direct visual inspection of the approximal surface, clearly showed dye uptake. Bitewing radiographic depth ratings of two observers were plotted as a function of dhist. The correlations were rs (dRA,1, dhist) = 0.62 (95% CI: 0.34-0.80), rs (dRA,2, dhist) = 0.75 (95% CI: 0.54-0.87), and between the observers rs (dRA,1, dRA,2) = 0.44 (95% CI: 0.10-0.69). The p values of rs (delta bl-rd tau eff, dhist) -rs (dRA1,1, dhist) and rs (delta bl-rd tau eff, dhist) -rs (dRA,2, dhist) were p1 = 0.01 and p2 = 0.08, respectively. It was concluded that quantitative information about lesion depth can be obtained optically. The dye penetrates into only a limited number of caries lesions, in which cases dye uptake is detectable in transillumination geometry. Under laboratory circumstances the optical technique performs as well as bitewing radiography in the diagnosis of small approximal caries lesions.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed1991

Scottish dentists' use of and opinions regarding bitewing radiography.

This study examined Scottish dentists' claimed use of and opinions regarding bitewing radiography. Information was obtained from a questionnaire sent to all dentists practising in Scotland in 1987 and from national statistics published in the Annual Reports of the Dental Practice Boards in the UK. The response rate to the questionnaire was 72% (926 general dental practitioners and 201 clinical community dental officers). Respondents considered radiography to be of value for the detection of approximal caries, assessment of caries progression and evaluation of alveolar periodontal support. They considered it to be of less value for a variety of other tasks, including detecting occlusal caries, unerupted teeth or calculus. One hundred and fifty-eight dentists (15% of respondents) claimed not to have taken any bitewings of their 12-year-old patients in the preceding year. Those respondents who did claim to have exposed some bitewings said that approximately one-quarter of this patient group had received the examination in the past year. The overall Health Service statistics appear to confirm that the utilization of radiography by dentists practising in Scotland is somewhat lower than that by dentists in England and Wales, a factor which requires further investigation.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2002

Screening panoramic radiography of new adult patients: diagnostic yield when combined with bitewing radiography and identification of selection criteria.

OBJECTIVES: To measure the radiological diagnostic yield on screening panoramic radiographs taken of new adult patients and to identify selection criteria for panoramic radiography of new adult patients. DESIGN: Survey of 1,817 consecutive panoramic radiographs taken as 'routine' on new patients with statistical analysis of clinical and radiological findings. SETTING: All radiographs were obtained from 41 general dental practitioners (GDPs). The GDPs provided the clinical information about the patient obtained by history and examination. Collection of material occurred in 1998/1999. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two dental radiologists recorded the radiological findings on each of 1,817 panoramic radiographs by consensus. Those findings that would have been identified from bilateral posterior bitewing radiographs of each patient were then excluded to give modified figures for radiological findings. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Indices of diagnostic yield were devised and calculated for each radiograph from the data on radiological findings. Total diagnostic yield (DY) and modified diagnostic yield (MDY), after exclusion of findings identifiable on bitewing radiographs, were both calculated. Clinical indicators of a high MDY were identified using stepwise multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: MDY was 0 for 17% of the radiographs (all patients) and 23% of the radiographs when the asymptomatic group were considered. The clinical variables for which the significance was high (p < 0.001) were: increasing number of teeth with clinical suspicion of periapical pathology, presence of partially erupted teeth, increasing number of clinically evident carious lesions, partially dentate status and presence of crowns. CONCLUSION: Taking posterior bitewing radiographs of new adult patients would reduce the diagnostic yield identified solely by panoramic radiography. Using clinical factors derived from the history and examination as radiographic selection criteria modestly improves the odds of achieving a high diagnostic yield from panoramic radiography.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Detection of proximal carious lesions: two-film versus four-film bitewing radiography.

The use of four posterior bitewing radiographs was compared with the use of two bitewing radiographs in fifty patients. The radiographs were evaluated with regard to the number of proximal carious lesions that could be detected and the number of technical errors in each technique. It was concluded that the four-bitewing radiographic technique is easier to perform, produces fewer technical errors, and provides the clinician with more diagnostic information than the two-bitewing radiographic method, and it is therefore recommended for routine radiographic examination.

Dental Caries↗
PubMed1992

Some of the factors to be considered in the prescription and timing of bitewing radiography in the diagnosis and management of dental caries.

This article describes some of the factors to be considered by the practitioner when prescribing bitewing radiographs in the diagnosis and management of dental caries and draws on the literature of a number of disciplines including restorative dentistry, cariology, epidemiology and oral radiology. It seems appropriate to re-assess current practice in the light of information on changes in the disease of dental caries, its behaviour and the way this behaviour may vary in high and low caries risk groups. The diagnostic potential of the bitewing examination appears, at present, to be unrivalled, but other diagnostic methods, such as fibreoptic transillumination and tooth separation, must also be considered. Some methods to minimize radiation doses and increase diagnostic yield are discussed. Current knowledge of prescribing patterns is reviewed and areas of ignorance are mentioned as findings from future research in these areas may influence decisions about when to use and re-use bitewing radiographs.

Dental Caries↗