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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

Diagnosis of reaginic allergy with house dust, animal dander and pollen allergens in adult patients. IV. An evaluation of the clinical value of skin test, radioallergosorbent test, case history and combinations of these methods.

With the assumption that a provocation test gives the correct diagnosis, the possibility of predicting an allergy by means of the case history, a skin test, radioallergosorbent test (RAST) and combinations of these methods was evaluated for house dust, cow-, cat-, dog-, and horse-dander, timothy-, marguerite-, dandelion- and birch-pollen allergens. All procedures were found to give a reliable diagnosis provided that a group with doubtfoul group, requiring further diagnostic investigations, was smallest when all three methods were used in combination. It is suggested that, in addition to the case history, the first procedure in routine diagnosis with inhalant allergens should be a skin test. RAST should be used primarily for selected cases and as a complement to the case history and skin test, making provocation tests superfluous for the majority of patients.

Allergens↗
PubMed1991

Relationships between skin prick test, radioallergosorbent test, and chemiluminescent assays in allergic children.

The results of skin prick tests (SPT), radioallergosorbent tests (RAST), and multiple chemiluminescent tests (DHS-CLA) to grass mix, parietaria, D. farinae, and D. pteronyssinus were evaluated in 43 allergic children. All CLA tests had valid positive and negative control threads. Chemiluminescent assays class 4 matched with RAST class 3 and/or 4 and CLA class 3 with RAST class 2. The D. farinae, D. pteronyssinus, and grass results obtained with CLA, RAST, and SPT were investigated by principal components analysis that showed a good association between different methods of measuring allergenicity. The results of the present study confirm that DHS-CLA is an effective "in vitro" method for the detection of IgE-allergen specific antibody.

Allergens↗
PubMed1989

Inhalant allergy in asthmatic children: skin prick test, radioallergosorbent test and chemiluminescent assay compared with allergen levels in their mattress dusts.

Mattress dusts from the beds of 51 asthmatic children with positive skin tests to house dust mite were assayed for Der p I, Fel d I and certain viable fungi. The results of skin tests to grass, cat, dog, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium and Penicillium, radioallergosorbent tests to cat, mite, dog and grass and the chemiluminescent assay were compared and correlations made with allergen concentrations in the dust. The sensitivity of the three tests appeared comparable (percentage agreement = 54.5-94), however, an increased level of allergen in the mattress dust was not a good indicator of the degree of sensitization of the child (p greater than 0.05).

Allergens↗
PubMed1992

Inhalant allergens in asthmatic children in Taiwan: comparison evaluation of skin testing, radioallergosorbent test and multiple allergosorbent chemiluminescent assay for specific IgE.

The multiple allergosorbent chemiluminescent assay (MAST-CLA) is a method for measuring total and allergen-specific IgE in human serum by a chemiluminescent immuno-enzymatic system. To compare the results of MAST tests with those of radioallergosorbent (RAST) and skin tests as an adjunct to the diagnosis of inhalant allergens in Taiwan, 195 asthmatic children, aged 5 to 15 years, were studied. All MAST tests had valid positive and negative control threads. The most important allergens in our patients were the two mite species: Dermatophagoid pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoid farinae (87.5% and 82.1%, respectively). There were also large responses (MAST-CLA class > or = 2) to the cockroach mix (28.45%), Alternaria (24.3%), and Eucalyptus (32.6%). The individual efficiency percentage between MAST-CLA and skin tests was D. pteronyssinus 91%, D. farinae 88%, cockroach mix 85%, feather mix 75%, dog dander 64%, Candida 75%, Aspergillus 79%, Alternaria 88%, ragweed mix 62% and Eucalyptus 76%. Comparison of the results of allergen-specific IgE measured by MAST-CLA and RAST were also significantly correlated for all four allergens (D. farinae, Candida, Alternaria and grass mix, r = 0.79-0.92). MAST-CLA was randomly duplicated and proven reproducible in 89% of the tests. Changes between positive and negative results occurred in only 3.6% of the tests. MAST-CLA is a simple in vitro test for specific IgE to 35 allergens, which compares favorably with RAST. It is concluded that MAST-CLA and RAST are similar in their ability to measure allergen-specific IgE, and correlate equally well with skin tests and clinical history in asthmatic children.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1986

Predictive value of skin prick tests and radioallergosorbent tests for clinical allergy to dogs and cats.

The predictive value and post-test probability of disease were compared for skin prick tests and radioallergosorbent tests (RASTs) in 168 children suspected of clinical allergy to dogs and cats. The skin tests included negative and positive (histamine) controls. The results of RASTs with the same allergen extracts were expressed in relation to the results with allergen-specific pooled reference serum. All the tests were performed blind. The predictive values of positive test results were comparable and low (53% to 76%), whereas the predictive values of negative test results were comparable and high (88% to 95%). The post-test probability of clinical allergy to dog or cat allergen, based on the prevalence rates in the referral population (15.1% and 22.5% respectively), increased to between 46% and 67% for positive test results and decreased to between 4% and 8% for negative results, which suggests that the primary role of skin prick tests and RASTs is in eliminating the diagnosis of clinical allergy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Skin test and radioallergosorbent test with extracts of larval and adult midges of Tokunagayusurika akamusi Tokunaga (Diptera: Chironomidae) in asthmatic patients of the metropolitan area of Tokyo.

Prick test and radioallergosorbent test to extracts of larval and adult midges, Tokunagayusurika akamusi (Tokunaga) were done in randomly selected asthmatic patients in the metropolitan area of Tokyo, Japan. Thirty-eight percent of 303 asthmatic patients were prick-test positive to either larval or adult midges, and 32.4% of 105 asthmatic patients were positive to either extracts by RAST, while only one out of 20 normal individuals was positive to RAST. These positive rates in the asthmatic patients were the second to the positive rates of prick test and RAST using mite antigen. Antigens from midges seem to be the second important allergens in the metropolitan area of Tokyo.

Asthma↗
PubMed1990

[Allergenicity of the osmophilic fungus Aspergillus restrictus evaluated by skin prick test and radioallergosorbent test].

Recently large amounts of Aspergillus restrictus, a species of osmophilic fungi, have been detected in house dust using culture media with low water activity. But little attention has been paid to this fungus as an allergen. In the present study, the authors examined the allergenic activity of A. restrictus by skin prick tests and radioallergosorbent tests (RAST) on 94 asthmatic patients (mean age 12.0, range 3-18). Aspergillus fumigatus, Alternaria alternata and house dust were used for comparison. In the skin prick tests, A. restrictus, A. fumigatus, A. alternata and house dust elicited positive reactions in 8 (8.5%), 8 (8.5%), 15 (16.0%) and 69 (73.4%) patients, respectively. RAST showed positive reactions in 27 (28.7%) subjects for A. restrictus, 22 (23.4%) for A. fumigatus, 35 (37.2%) for A. alternata, and 75 (79.8%) for house dust. These results indicated that some asthmatic individuals showed immediate-type hypersensitivity to A. restrictus, and the prevalence of hypersensitivity of A. restrictus determined by skin prick tests and RAST was comparable with that of A. fumigatus but lower than that of A. alternata or house dust. This indicates that this fungal species may be of importance as a causative agent in atopic diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Studies on the osmophilic fungus Wallemia sebi as an allergen evaluated by skin prick test and radioallergosorbent test.

Recently, Wallemia sebi, a species of osmophilic fungi, has been abundantly detected in house dust using low water activity media. In this study, allergenic activity of W. sebi was assessed by skin prick test and radioallergosorbent test (RAST) in 74 asthmatic patients ranging from 6 to 32 years of age. Aspergillus fumigatus and house dust were used for comparison. In skin prick test, W. sebi extract, A. fumigatus extract and house dust extract elicited positive reactions in 4 (5.4%), 4 (5.4%) and 51 (68.9%) patients, respectively. RAST showed positive results in 14 subjects (18.9%) for W. sebi extract, in 8 (10.8%) for A. fumigatus extract and in 59 (79.7%) for house dust extract. These results indicated that some asthmatic individuals showed immediate-type hypersensitivity to W. sebi, and which means this fungal species may be of importance to atopic diseases as a causative agent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

High incidence of adverse reactions to egg challenge on first known exposure in young atopic dermatitis children: predictive value of skin prick test and radioallergosorbent test to egg proteins.

BACKGROUND: Egg skin prick test (SPT) and/or radioallergosorbent test (RAST) positivity has been described in infants and children with a food allergy, or in infants at high risk of atopy who have never eaten eggs. Clinical reactions are also observed when some of these children or infants eat eggs for the first time. OBJECTIVE AND METHOD: A prospective study was made of 107 atopic dermatitis (AD) children (66 boys, 41 girls) aged 1-19 months (median 5 months) who had never ingested egg, to compare the outcome of a first oral egg challenge and the results of albumen and yolk SPTs and RASTs. RESULTS: The egg challenge (conducted at age 12-24 months: mean 16 months, median 15 months) was positive in 72/107 children (67.3%). The reactions were immediate or early (first 6 h) in 56/72 (77.8%). The most severe (all within the first 6 h) were one case of anaphylactic shock (1.4%), three cases of laryngeal oedema (4.1%) and one serious attack of asthma (1.4%). The skin weal diameter at and above which reactions always occurred was 5 mm for both albumen and yolk. They were, however, also observed in the complete absence of a weal. The outcome of the challenge was always positive when the specific IgEs (sIgE) for albumen and yolk were > 99 KU/L and > or = 17.5 KU/L, respectively. Here, too, reactions were noted even when sIgE levels were < 0.35 KU/L. CONCLUSION: AD children who have never eaten eggs may be sensitized and display reactions at the first ingestion. The percentage of reactions in this series was by no means negligible. These findings were observed in children with mild as well as moderate-severe AD when first examined. SPT for albumen and yolk diameter > or = 5 mm, and sIgE for albumen > 99 KU/L and for yolk > or = 17.5 KU/L were 100% specific in predicting the outcome of the challenge. It may thus be concluded that children with AD whose SPT and/or RAST for albumen and/or yolk are equal to or higher than these cut-off values should not be subjected to the oral challenge when consideration is given to the introduction of egg in their diet. Even when these cut-offs are not reached, however, clinical reactions to the challenge cannot be ruled out a priori, and it should be preferably performed in a protected environment, such as a hospital.

Dermatitis, Atopic↗
PubMed1997

Skin test and radioallergosorbent test characteristics of scabietic patients.

The scabies mite Sarcoptes scabiei and the Dermatophagoides house dust mites (HDM) are related phylogenetically and are the sources of several cross-reactive antigens. The purpose of this study was to investigate the immune response to S. scabiei and HDM in scabietic patients. Skin test sensitivity and serum IgE to both S. scabiei and HDM were determined for patients who had or previously had confirmed ordinary scabies. A retrospective group included nine subjects who had received successful treatment three weeks to one year prior to the study. A prospective group included 16 subjects with active scabies. Allergic histories were obtained, serum was collected, and skin prick tests (SPTs) were performed at enrollment for all and periodically over the next 12 months for the prospective patients. None of the individuals in either group reported a known sensitivity to HDM. Six of the nine retrospective patients were SPT positive to both S. scabiei and HDM and two of these showed circulating IgE specific for these antigens. At diagnosis, 13 of 16 patients with active scabies were SPT positive to S. scabiei and 12 of these were also SPT and/or radioallergosorbent test positive to HDM. Six patients had circulating IgE directed at both S. scabiei and HDM antigens while one subject had IgE to S. scabiei only and another had IgE directed at HDM only. Twelve of the 15 subjects tested also showed IgE and/or IgG binding to one or more bands on Western blots of an S. scabiei-specific protein fraction. This study indicated that approximately half of the patients with active scabies had S. scabiei- and HDM-specific circulating IgE while most patients cured of scabies lacked S. scabiei- and HDM-specific serum IgE. The data also suggested that antibodies to S. scabiei in scabietic patients also recognize HDM; however, some antibodies were directed at scabies-specific antigens.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Mite allergen content in commercial extracts and in bed dust determined by radioallergosorbent tests.

Radioallergosorbent (RAST) direct binding and inhibition type assays were used to quantitate the mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) allergen content of four commercial mite extracts and a laboratory prepared extract from freeze-dried mites. The content of mite allergen in extracts prepared from twenty samples of dust vacuumed from bedding was measured by RAST inhibition assay. The four commercial mite extracts designated A, B, C and D, and the laboratory extract, designated L, contained 52, 265, 108, 1.5 and 581 arbitrary units of allergen/ml for the direct binding assay and 128, 111, 217, approximately 1 and 1083 arbitrary, but different, units of allergen/ml for the inhibition assay respectively. Qualitative differences between at least two extracts were suggested by the different slopes obtained when allergen binding of anti IgE was plotted against the volume of extract used in the direct binding assay. Differences in slope between the two extracts were also apparent when they were used in the inhibition assay. The quantities of mite allergen/gm of bed dust expressed in arbitrary units for the inhibition assay were 24 to 457 (mean 129) units. These quantities are similar to and sometimes greater than the quantity in 1 ml of mite extract and so confirm bed dust as a potent source of mite allergen. There was no significant correlation between the weight of dust, the numbers of dead and live mites and the allergen content of dust.

Allergens↗
PubMed2005

Skin testing versus radioallergosorbent testing for indoor allergens.

BACKGROUND: Skin testing (ST) is the most common screening method for allergy evaluation. Measurement of serum specific IgE is also commonly used, but less so by allergists than by other practitioners. The sensitivity and specificity of these testing methods may vary by type of causative allergen and type of allergic manifestation. We compared ST reactivity with serum specific IgE antibodies to common indoor allergens in patients with respiratory allergies. METHODS: 118 patients (3 mo-58 yr, mean 12 yr) with allergic rhinitis and/or bronchial asthma had percutaneous skin testing (PST) supplemented by intradermal testing (ID) with those allergens suspected by history but showed negative PST. The sera were tested blindly for specific IgE antibodies by the radioallergosorbent test (Phadebas RAST). The allergens were D. farinae (118), cockroach (60), cat epithelium (90), and dog epidermal (90). Test results were scored 0-4; ST >/= 2 + and RAST >/= 1 + were considered positive. RESULTS: The two tests were in agreement (i.e., either both positive or both negative) in 52.2% (dog epidermal) to 62.2% (cat epithelium). When RAST was positive, ST was positive in 80% (dog epidermal) to 100% (cockroach mix). When ST was positive, RAST was positive in 16.3% (dog epidermal) to 50.0% (D. farinae). When RAST was negative, ST was positive in 48.5% (cat epithelium) to 69.6% (D. farinae). When ST was negative, RAST was positive in 0% (cockroach) to 5.6% (cat epithelium). The scores of ST and RAST showed weak to moderate correlation (r = 0.24 to 0.54). Regardless of history of symptoms on exposure, ST was superior to RAST in detecting sensitization to cat epithelium and dog epidermal. CONCLUSION: For all four indoor allergens tested, ST was more sensitive than RAST. When both tests were positive, their scores showed poor correlation. Sensitizations to cat epithelium and dog epidermal are common, even in subjects who claimed no direct exposure.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1993

[Evaluation of the relationship between immediate hypersensitivity and environmental factors by intracutaneous skin tests and specific IgE antibodies in allergic children. Part 2. The age distribution of immediate hypersensitivity by intracutaneous skin test and radioallergosorbent test].

To evaluate immediate hypersensitivity and environmental factors, 2,187 allergic children were given intradermal skin tests (ID test) and specific IgE antibodies (RAST) at Kudanzaka Hospital for 21 years (1967-1987). The incidence of positive ID test to house dust (HD) was 23% at 1 year, 50% at 2 years, 63% at 3 years and 84% at 8 years of age. The results of average positive test obtained at an earlier age in 1975 and 1985 than in 1965. Children born recently begin to have positive test scores earlier than those born between 1965 and 1969. This could be related to the recent increase in the number of HD mites. The incidence of positive ID test to Japanese cedar pollen (sugi) was 5% at 1 year, 10% at 4 years, 16% at 8 years and 30% at 15 years of age. The positive test scores were again obtained at an earlier age in 1975 and 1985 than in 1965, in the same way as for HD mites. Children born between 1965 and 1969 showed 30-60% positive rate after 13 years of age; this level was seen after 10 years of age in children born in 1975 and 1979, and after 6 years in those born between 1980-1984. This could be due to the recent increase in the amount of sugi pollen. Only Candida showed any significant rises in positive rate 27% at 1 year of age; slow increase was observed in the case of ragweed, molds, epidermals and others. No remarkable change was seen in ragweed and Alternaria at the years of examination and the years of birth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Immunopathogenesis of fish allergy: identification of fish-allergic adults by skin test and radioallergosorbent test.

BACKGROUND: As the consumption of fish increases in the United States, the importance of allergic reactions to fish has become clear. Since most previous studies on fish allergy have focused on children reacting mainly to codfish, there is a need to investigate allergic reactions to other fish in adults. OBJECTIVE: To identify fish-allergic adults, and to assess cross-reactivity among different species of fish by RAST inhibition. METHODS: Thirty-nine individuals who reported fish allergy were selected for study; 32 (82%) were atopic as defined by two or more positive skin tests to common inhalant allergens and a history of allergic reactions and 33 (85%) experienced allergic symptoms within 30 minutes after ingesting fish. The most frequently reported symptoms were hives (69%), itching (69%), and wheezing/chest tightness (54%). Study subjects were skin tested with fish extracts and their sera assayed for IgE antibodies to different fish species. RESULTS: Thirty-six (92%) of the subjects tested had a positive skin test to at least one of 17 fish extracts tested; 9/35 (26%) reacted to all 17 extracts. Of the atopic (two or more positive skin tests to common inhalant allergens plus a personal and/or family history of allergy) and nonatopic fish-tolerant controls, 20/26 (77%) reacted by skin test to one or more fish extracts tested; the most prevalent positive reaction was to anchovy (73%). A significant correlation (P < .01) was observed between skin test reactivity of fish-allergic subjects to most fish extracts and fish RAST reactions. Radioallergosorbent inhibition testing demonstrated significant cross-reactivity among pollack, salmon, trout, and tuna; and between mackerel and anchovy. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that fish-allergic subjects may be clinically sensitive to more than one species of fish. Skin test reactivity to fish by itself is not an adequate criterion for the confirmation of clinically relevant fish allergy; consequently, fish-allergic subjects with positive skin tests to several fish species should exercise caution when eating fish until tolerance can be demonstrated by double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge, at the patient's earliest convenience.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Evaluation of immediate hypersensitivity and environmental factors by intracutaneous skin tests and specific IgE antibodies in allergic children. Part 1. The annual change of immediate hypersensitivity measured by intracutaneous skin tests and radioallergosorbent test].

To evaluate the relation between immediate hypersensitivity and environmental factors, a total of 2,187 allergic children were given the intracutaneous skin tests (IC test) and specific IgE antibodies (RAST) at Kudanzaka Hospital over a period of 21 years (1967-1987). The incidence of positive IC test to house dust (HD) and Japanese cedar pollen (sugi) increased, and that to molds increased transiently in the period 1965-1975. There was no sex difference in the incidence. Asthmatic children with allergic rhinitis scored higher both in IC test and RAST than those with asthma only. The more severely asthmatic children had a higher incidence of positive IC test to HD, molds, sugi, ragweed, cat dander, silk and buckwheat (sobagara). The recent rise of in the number of allergic diseases was partly proved by higher positive IC tests to HD and sugi. The number of positive test to HD mites also increased because twice as many non-wooden houses as wooden houses, have been built since 1969, and there were 3 times as many, high-rise building in 1975 as in 1965. Pollution and the increasing area of sugi forests were also responsible for increased allergic problems.

Animals↗