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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Vocal hygiene in radio students and in radio professionals.

In this study 27 future professional voice users (i.e., radio students) and 53 professional voice users (i.e., radio professionals) were questioned on their vocal hygiene. Both groups differed clearly in age and in radio experience. The mean age of the radio students was 22 years, whereas the mean age of the radio professionals was 41 years; radio students had no radio experience and radio professionals' experience ranged from 2 to 32 years. This study shows that the vocal hygiene of radio professionals is not superior to the vocal hygiene of radio students. On the contrary, every group has a distinctive vocal hygiene profile. The intake of coffee was significantly higher in radio professionals (p < 0.001) and they indicated significantly more vocal fatigue (p = 0.028). The radio students, on the other hand, experienced more acid reflux problems (p < 0.001) and signalled significantly more hoarseness (p = 0.012). Next to this, both groups smoked more than one could expect from (future) professional voice users (radio students: 33%; radio professionals: 28%). This study demonstrates the necessity of an adapted vocal hygiene education programme for both future and professional voice users, as they seem to underestimate the negative implications of bad vocal hygiene.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Exposure of radio officers to radio frequency radiation on Danish merchant ships.

Exposure of radio officers to radio frequency radiation from telegraphy and telephony equipment on ships was investigated. Eighty-five measurements were made of 12 radio transmitters operating in the 400 kHz to 25 MHz range (power up to 1200 W) and three VHF telephony transmitters in the 150 MHz band. Field measurements were made at positions normally occupied by radio officers approximately 1 m, 0.5 m and 0.25 m from the antenna feed lines. The distance between the radio operator and the measurement location was at least 0.5 m. The ratio of the electric and magnetic field strength squared (MF and HF transmitters) to ANSI C95.1-1982 radio frequency protection guides ranged from 0.001 to 0.26 (geometric mean 0.02) at the location of the seated radio officer's head. A minimum distance of 0.5 m between antenna feed lines and personnel is recommended. This would normally ensure an exposure below the ANSI safety levels.

Communication↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of hypoxic cell radio-sensitizers in terms of radio-sensitizing and repair-inhibiting potential. Dependency on p53 status of tumor cells and the effects on intratumor quiescent cells.

BACKGROUND: Intratumor quiescent (Q) cells and p53-mutated tumor cells are more difficult to control than intratumor proliferating (P) cells and p53 wild-type tumor cells, respectively. The usefulness of 3 hypoxic cell radio-sensitizers was compared in terms of a radio-sensitizing effect under aerobic and hypoxic conditions and a repair-inhibiting effect following irradiation on both Q and total (P + Q) cell populations in solid tumors. The dependency of these effects on the p53 status of tumor cells was also examined using tumor cell lines with identical genetic backgrounds except for their p53 status. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells transfected with mutant TP53 (SAS/mp53) or with neo vector as a control (SAS/neo) were inoculated subcutaneously into both the hind legs of Balb/cA nude mice. The nude mice bearing the tumors and C3H/He mice bearing SCC VII tumors received 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) continuously to label all the P cells in the tumors. Tumor-bearing mice received gamma-ray irradiation while alive or following tumor clamping after being administered no drug, nimorazole, SR-2514 or misonidazole, or received no drug, nimorazole, SR-2514 or misonidazole straight after gamma-ray irradiation. For the group irradiated after receiving the drug, the tumors were excised immediately following irradiation, while for the group irradiated before receiving the drug, the tumors were excised 24 h after irradiation. The excised tumors were minced and trypsinized. The tumor cell suspensions thus obtained were incubated with cytochalasin-B (a cytokinesis blocker), and the micronucleus (MN) frequency in the cells without BrdU labelling (= quiescent (Q) cells) was determined using immunofluorescence staining for BrdU. Meanwhile, the MN frequency in the total tumor cell population was determined from the tumors that had not been pretreated with BrdU. The clonogenic cell survival was also determined in the mice given no BrdU. RESULTS: Both the radio-sensitizing effects under aerobic and hypoxic conditions and the repair-inhibiting effects following gamma-ray irradiation increased in the following order: nimorazole < SR-2514 < misonidazole in both total and Q cells in these 3 tumors. Both effects were more marked in the Q cells and p53-mutated tumors than in the total cells and p53-wild tumors, respectively. CONCLUSION: In terms of controlling radio-resistant Q tumor cells and p53-mutated tumor cells, the combination of radio-sensitizers and conventional radiotherapy is promising both for radio-sensitization and for repair-inhibition, but further study of the toxicity to normal tissues is needed.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Very-long-baseline radio interferometry observations of low power radio galaxies.

The parsec scale properties of low power radio galaxies are reviewed here, using the available data on 12 Fanaroff-Riley type I galaxies. The most frequent radio structure is an asymmetric parsec-scale morphology--i.e., core and one-sided jet. It is shared by 9 (possibly 10) of the 12 mapped radio galaxies. One (possibly 2) of the other galaxies has a two-sided jet emission. Two sources are known from published data to show a proper motion; we present here evidence for proper motion in two more galaxies. Therefore, in the present sample we have 4 radio galaxies with a measured proper motion. One of these has a very symmetric structure and therefore should be in the plane of the sky. The results discussed here are in agreement with the predictions of the unified scheme models. Moreover, the present data indicate that the parsec scale structure in low and high power radio galaxies is essentially the same.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1989

[Analysis of therapeutic efficacy of combined radio-chemotherapy, pre-radio-therapy in 61 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma].

Treatment results were retrospectively analyzed in 61 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (stage I: 21 cases, stage II: 40 cases) that were diagnosed between July, 1977 and Oct., 1987. The actuarial five-year survival rates for stages I and II were 84.4% and 50.7% respectively, whereas those were 47.5% and 75.3% respectively for those treated by radiotherapy (XRT) alone and combined radio-chemotherapy including all cases of stage I and II. Also the results of combined radio-chemotherapy were significantly better than those of XRT alone. Particularly, the pre-radio-chemotherapy group had a 5-year survival rate of 85.7%. In conclusion, the results of combined radio-chemotherapy, particularly pre-radio-chemotherapy, was significant between those of XRT alone.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Radio-frequency electromagnetic fields associated with cellular-radio cell-site antennas.

Because of a heightened public awareness of issues pertaining to the use of electromagnetic energy, concurrent with a rapid growth of the cellular telephone industry, a study was initiated to characterize the electromagnetic environment associated with typical cell-site antennas. In particular, the radio-frequency electromagnetic (RF) fields in the vicinity of several antenna towers, ranging in height from 46-82 m, were characterized by measurement. In all cases, the antennas were omnidirectional co-linear arrays. The maximal power densities considered representative of public exposure were found to be less than 100 microW/m2 (10 nW/cm2) per radio channel. Comparison of measured values with the corresponding values that were calculated from the free-space transmission formula indicated that the analytical technique is conservative (i.e., overestimates field levels). The measured and corresponding analytical values were found to be well below accepted exposure limits even when extrapolated to simultaneous and continuous operation of the maximal number of transmitters that would be expected to be installed at a cell-site. Additional measurements were made in the near field of the same antenna type in a roof-mounted configuration. At a distance of 0.7 m from the antenna, the maximal power density in the main beam was found to be less than 30 W/m2 (3 mW/cm2) when normalized to sixteen radio channels (the maximal number used on a single antenna) and less than 30 mW/m2 (3 microW/m2) at 70 m. In all cases, the effective radiated power (ERP) by each radio channel was 100 W referenced to a half-wave dipole. This paper describes the instrumentation and measurement techniques used for this study and provides a summary of the results.

Electromagnetic Phenomena↗
PubMed2005

Capture-recapture studies using radio telemetry with premature radio-tag failure.

Radio tags, because of their high detectability, are often used in capture-recapture studies. A key assumption is that radio tags do not cease functioning during the study. Radio-tag failure before the end of a study can lead to underestimates of survival rates. We develop a model to incorporate secondary radio-tag failure data. This model was applied to chinook smolts (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) on the Columbia River, Washington. Estimates of fish survival from this model were much larger than those from the standard Cormack-Jolly-Seber analysis.

Animal Identification Systems↗
PubMed1982

Private land mobile radio services; amendment of the Commission's rules concerning general eligibility in the industrial radio services: Federal Communications Commission. Final rule.

This document adopts a rule amendment to permit the licensing of non-profit corporations and associations of eligible users in the Business and Special Industrial Radio Services in the bands below 512 MHz. The FCC now permits the licensing of non-profit corporations and associations of eligible users in each of the Industrial Radio Services except the Business and Special Industrial Radio Services below 800 MHz and permits it in all Industrial Radio Services including Business and Special Industrial above 800 MHz. The amendment will eliminate this exception.

Government Agencies↗
PubMed1981

Human IgE antibody-forming cells. Radio-resistant and radio-sensitive subpopulations.

In vitro IgE and antimite IgE antibody (IgE Ab) synthesis was investigated. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from atopic patients depleted of E-rosetting T cells developed IgE and IgE Ab in the absence of pokeweed mitogen (PWM), and it was not significantly affected by addition of T cells of of PWM. 1,000 R irradiation decreased more than 50% of the IgE and IgE Ab-producing capacity in 2 of 8 cases, but the remainder were not significantly affected. Increase of the gamma-ray dose from 1,000 to 12,000 R did not result in more suppression. Radio-resistant as well as radio-sensitive subpopulations may exist in the PBL of atopic patients. The radio-sensitive component of IgE and IgE Ab formation was suppressed by PWM, while the radio-resistant component was not affected.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Bcl-2 is significantly overexpressed in localized radio-recurrent prostate carcinoma, compared with localized radio-naive prostate carcinoma.

PURPOSE: We set out to determine whether patients who underwent prostatectomy for recurrence after external-beam radiotherapy for prostate cancer had a higher incidence of alterations in the apoptotic pathway than did patients who underwent surgery as initial treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty patients who underwent unsuccessful full-dose external-beam radiotherapy for prostate cancer and subsequently underwent salvage radical surgery (radio-recurrent group), and 20 patients matched for various clinical parameters who underwent only radical prostatectomy for localized or locally advanced prostate cancer (radio-naive group), were studied. Tissue samples were examined for immunoreactivity for p53, p21, Bcl-2, and Ki-67 proteins. Statistically, the two groups were compared using exact logistic regression. RESULTS: Fifty-five percent of the tumors from patients initially treated with radiotherapy were noted to overexpress Bcl-2; whereas, in the radio-naive group, no patient had Bcl-2 overexpression (p = 0.0004). More patients who underwent salvage radical surgery were found to have a higher mean proliferative index (Ki-67 staining) (39.6%), compared with patients undergoing prostatectomy alone (22.1%), p = 0.0800. No significant difference was noted in immunohistochemical expression of p53 and p21 between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Patients undergoing radical prostatectomy after radiotherapy had a significantly higher rate of Bcl-2 overexpression than did patients who underwent surgery as the initial treatment. Alterations in the apoptotic pathway may be important in the development of local recurrence after radiation therapy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

Adjuvant therapy in colorectal cancer. (A randomized trial comparing radio-chemotherapy and radio-chemotherapy combined with the methanol extraction residue of BCG, MER).

Fifty-three patients with colorectal cancer Dukes' B2 and C were randomized after surgery. One group was treated by radio-and/or chemotherapy and the second by radio-and/or chemotherapy and MER. After 24 and 36 months a significant longer disease free interval, lower recurrence rate and better survival was found in the group treated by radio-chemo- and immunotherapy. Treatment was well tolerated and there were few local side effects from the MER injections. The long time efficacy of this adjuvant treatment whether it increases the cure rate or only delays recurrence does require longer follow-up.

BCG Vaccine↗
PubMed1998

Chills and thrills: does radio harm our children? The controversy over program violence during the age of radio.

A review of the popular and scientific periodical for the 1930s and 1940s revealed that the controversy surrounding the radio "thriller" and its possible harmful effects on young listeners was one of radio's most highly publicized issues during its golden years of broadcasting. Many of the questions raised concerning this issue were similar to those asked later during the age of television. Relying heavily upon the psychoanalytic emphasis on emotion, catharsis, and intrapsychic dynamics, expert opinion voiced in various popular periodicals and newspapers of the day suggested that the violence and excitement portrayed in many of the crime and adventure programs was harmless, and perhaps beneficial, for most listeners. However, research in support of this conclusion was sparse, and psychologists evidenced little interest in the issue. Not until the advent of television, and the emergence of social learning theory in the early 1960s, did psychologists direct significant research effort towards evaluating the effects of media violence.

Child↗
PubMed1984

Long-term supervised domiciliary EEG monitoring in epileptic patients employing radio telemetry and telephone telemetry. II. Radio telemetry system.

A miniaturized 8-channel EEG amplifier- submodulator unit is used in combination with a standard radio transmitter/receiver system for long-term ambulatory EEG recording at the patient's residence. The EEG frequency response (0.16-30 Hz) and amplitude range (1:1000) of the system are in accordance with the object in view, the recording of seizures. The submodulator characteristics conform to regulations for radio telemetry.

Electroencephalography↗