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Occupational health effects of nonionizing radiation.

Nonionizing radiation includes electromagnetic energy distributed as near-ultraviolet and visible light, infrared radiation, microwaves, radio frequencies, and very low frequency and extremely low frequency alternating electric and magnetic fields, and almost every member of modern society is exposed to it in some form. Usually the intensity of exposure is low in the general population but can be greatly increased in the workplace. The forms of nonionizing radiation are described and their physical characteristics, occupational sources, biologic effects, and exposure criteria are delineated.

Humans↗

PubMed1988

Effects of nonionizing radiation on birds.

1. With the ability to fly comes a greater probability of direct irradiation by nonionizing radiation. The effect of nonionizing radiation on birds is, therefore, of environmental significance. 2. Most biological effects of exposure to nonionizing radiation in avian species are a result of radiation-induced temperature increases. 3. The incubating avian egg provides a model to study nonthermal effects of microwave exposure since ambient incubation temperature can be adjusted to compensate for absorbed thermal energy. 4. Some studies have shown that exposure to nonthermal levels of nonionizing radiation affect a bird's ability to recover from acute physiological stressors. 5. Although earlier research indicated that modulated radiofrequency radiation increased calcium-ion efflux in chick forebrain tissue, criticism of experimental techniques and contradictory results between related studies have made final conclusions elusive. 6. Birds have been shown to be able to reliably detect magnetic fields in both the field and laboratory. Some researchers have reported malformations in chicken embryos exposed to a sinusoidal bipolar oscillating magnetic field.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Health effects of nonionizing radiation.

Electromagnetic energy in the microwave and radiofrequency bands can produce biologic effects, which are predominantly thermal. During therapeutic use under medical supervision, desired biologic effects are produced and potentially injurious effects minimized. The biologic effects of electromagnetic fields have materialized because of a recent concern that relatively low-level fields produced by everyday electrical appliances, wiring in the home, and power transmission lines may be causally related to a number of detrimental health effects.

Electromagnetic Fields↗

PubMed1984

Nonionizing radiation aspects of optical fiber manufacturing.

Evaluation of the spectral distribution of the electromagnetic emissions from a system composed of a hydrogen-oxygen torch and a glass tube, used in the manufacturing of glass rods from which optical fibers are drawn, indicated levels in the visible and infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that necessitated a specific type of eye protection to be worn by employees operating this equipment. Specific eye wear which provided qualities of both being lightweight and reducing transmission of all three major regions of the electromagnetic spectrum (ultra-violet, visible, infrared) were specified.

Eye↗

PubMed1979