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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

Soft-tissue injuries of the hand and wrist in racquet sports.

Participants in racquet sports are prone to a host of soft-tissue injuries to their hands and wrists owing to the direct impact of the handle as well as the repetitive stretching that occurs as the wrist is forcefully whipped into extremes of position. Tendinitis can occur in all tendons but is most common in the first dorsal compartment, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi radialis, and extensor carpi ulnaris. Ligamentous tears can produce instability patterns that, if unrecognized, can become chronic disabilities. Vessels and nerves can be compromised by repetitive blunt trauma to the structures themselves or by entrapment by surrounding structures. Prompt diagnosis will allow for the appropriate treatment and eliminate the need for vague terms such as "wrist sprain." The goal of early recognition and treatment is to allow the player to get back to the court and prevent the development of chronic discomfort or permanent impairment.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed1988

Sudden death in racquet sports.

The regular playing of racquet sports tends to confer general health and to protect the heart--to produce the athletic heart syndrome. Strenuous play, however, can provoke ventricular arrhythmias and can kill individuals with heart disease. The overall risk for an exercise death from racquet sport play seems to be as low as from distance running. Middle-aged men, however, especially those with known coronary disease or coronary risk factors, should approach racquet sports with caution, and might benefit from timely medical advice.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

A review of intra-articular knee injuries in racquet sports diagnosed by arthroscopy.

Because of the recent rapid increase in the number of knee injuries related to racquet sports, the authors undertook a retrospective study of such injuries seen over a 5-year period at the Toronto Western Hospital Sports Medicine Institute. The 121 patients who presented over the study period with a racquet-sports-related knee injury requiring arthroscopy represented 30% of all racquet-sports related injuries seen during that period. The mean age at presentation was 32.8 years and two-thirds of the patients were men. All the major racquet sports were represented. In all, 213 lesions (7 bilateral) were seen at 128 arthroscopies, and 165 arthroscopic procedures were performed. The most common lesion was meniscal followed by chondromalacia patellae, anterior cruciate ligament tears, chondral lesions and pathologic plicae. Over 90% of the patients returned to their chosen racquet sport within 3 months of the arthroscopy and most were playing at a similar performance level to that before the initial injury.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Intra-articular knee injuries in racquet sports. A review of 128 arthroscopies.

Within the last decade, there has been a significant increase in racquet sport participation. The authors report that in a 5-year period, 17% of the injuries seen in a busy sports injuries clinic were associated with racquet sports, and over half of these were injuries to the knee. The findings are reported of those patients requiring knee arthroscopy, and the patterns of injury sustained are identified. Injuries to the knee in racquet sports are largely unavoidable and are inherent to the nature of the game.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Indoor racquet sports injuries.

Family physicians can care for most patients injured while participating in indoor racquet sports. However, patients with injuries to the eye usually require ophthalmologic referral. The most common injuries that occur in persons participating in indoor racquet sports include contusions, sprains and strains, lacerations, eye injuries, bursitis and tendinitis. Musculoskeletal injuries that merit special consideration include lateral epicondylitis, DeQuervain's tenosynovitis, wrist intersection syndrome, patellar pain syndrome, meniscal injuries, Achilles tendinitis and plantar fasciitis. The family physician plays a critical role in providing patients with information about preventive measures.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMed1991

Labral tears in throwing and racquet sports.

Throwing and overhead racquet motion is stressful activity that places great physical demands on the athlete's shoulder. This article focuses on glenoid labral tears as a consequence of this dynamic activity. These labral lesions may be present as an isolated entity or may be in association with glenohumeral instability.

Arthroscopy↗
PubMed1995

Lower leg and foot injuries in tennis and other racquet sports.

Injuries to the lower extremity are common in racquet sports. These can be either acute or chronic. Although acute injuries usually respond to treatment, chronic injuries are often less amenable to treatment. The occurrence of both kinds of injuries, however, can often be prevented by proper training techniques including stretching and strengthening exercises. These exercises are also important components of a proper rehabilitation program.

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMed2005

Golf and racquet sports injuries.

There are specific injuries that are common in golf and racquet sports. These abnormalities have a predilection for specific structures as well and can be divided into two categories on the basis of etiology as either chronic repetitive injury or acute trauma. With golf injuries, upper extremity abnormalities prevail and include rotator cuff disease, epicondylitis, wrist tenosynovitis, and hamate hook fracture. Thoracolumbar spine pain can also occur. The order of frequency of these ailments is different for professional and recreational athletes. With racquet injuries, as in tennis, lower extremity injuries are more common and include medial gastrocnemius and Achilles tendon abnormalities, although shoulder, elbow, and wrist abnormalities may also occur. Knowledge of the biomechanics behind each sport is also helpful in understanding the pathophysiology of injury and in part explains the findings seen at imaging.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed1988

Leg and foot injuries in racquet sports.

Injuries to the lower extremity are common in racquet sports. The acute injuries usually respond well to treatment. Chronic injuries may require more patience and sometimes a change of playing habits on the part of the player. Some chronic injuries will respond well to operative intervention but most will do well with conservative care.

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMed1987

Racquet sports--patterns of injury presenting to a sports injury clinic.

In an 8-year retrospective study, 631 injuries due to the racquet sports of squash (59%), tennis (21%) and badminton (20%) were seen in a sports injury clinic, males predominating (58 to 66%). The proportion of squash injuries was higher than expected and probably relates to higher physical stress and risk of contact in this sport. Also they occurred mainly in persons over 25 years (59%) i.e. the reverse for sport in general. Acute traumatic injuries were seen especially in squash players, a majority affecting the knee, lumbar region, muscles and ankle. Tennis injuries differed most with lateral epicondylitis, patello-femoral pain and lumbar disc prolapse being relatively common. The badminton injury pattern overlapped the others. Lower limb injuries predominated in all three. Detailed assessment of 106 cases showed many to be new, infrequent, social players. Poor warm-up was a common factor in new and established players. The importance of these findings is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Eye protection in racquet sports.

This article summarizes the clinical and experimental data leading to the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) certification of six eyeguards for racquet sports in Canada in November 1986. A parallel approach involving the American Standard of Testing and Materials (ASTM) is discussed and eyeguards meeting specifications are illustrated.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed2002

Effect of long-term impact-loading on mass, size, and estimated strength of humerus and radius of female racquet-sports players: a peripheral quantitative computed tomography study between young and old starters and controls.

Bone characteristics of the humeral shaft and distal radius were measured from 64 female tennis and squash players and their 27 age-, height-, and weight-matched controls with peripheral quantitative tomography (pQCT) and DXA. The players were divided into two groups according to the starting age of their tennis or squash training (either before or after menarche) to examine the possible differences in the loading-induced changes in bone structure and volumetric density. The used pQCT variables were bone mineral content (BMC), total cross-sectional area (TotA) of bone, cross-sectional area of the marrow cavity (CavA) and that of the cortical bone (CoA), cortical wall thickness (CWT), volumetric density of the cortical bone (CoD) and trabecular bone (TrD), and torsional bone strength index (BSIt) for the shaft, and compressional bone strength index (BSIc) for the bone end. These bone strength indices were compared with the DXA-derived areal bone mineral density (aBMD) to assess how well the latter represents the effect of mechanical loading on apparent bone strength. At the humeral shaft, the loaded arm's greater BMC (an average 19% side-to-side difference in young starters and 9% in old starters) was caused by an enlarged cortex (CoA; side-to-side differences 20% and 9%, respectively). The loaded humerus seemed to have grown periosteally (the CavA did not differ between the sites) leading to 26% and 11% side-to-side BSIt difference in the young and old starters, respectively. CoD was equal between the arms (-1% difference in both player groups). The side-to-side differences in the young starters' BMC, CoA, TotA, CWT, and BSIt were 8-22% higher than those of the controls and 8-14% higher than those of the old starters. Old starters' BMC, CoA, and BSIt side-to-side differences were 6-7% greater than those in the controls. The DXA-derived side-to-side aBMD difference was 7% greater in young starters compared with that of the old starters and 14% compared with that in controls, whereas the difference between old starters and controls was 6%, in favor of the former. All these between-group differences were statistically significant. At the distal radius, the player groups differed significantly from controls in the side-to-side BMC, TrD, and aBMD differences only; the young starters' BMC difference was 9% greater, TrD and aBMD differences were 5% greater than those in the controls, and the old starters' TrD and aBMD differences were both 7% greater than those in the controls. In summary, in both of the female player groups the structural adaptation of the humeral shaft to long-term loading seemed to be achievedthrough periosteal enlargement of the bone cortex although this adaptation was clearly better in the young starters. Exercise-induced cortical enlargement was not so clear at the distal radius (a trabecular bone site), and the study suggested that at long bone ends also the TrD could be a modifiable factor to build a stronger bone structure. The conventional DXA-based aBMD measurement detected the intergroup differences in the exercise-induced bone gains, although, measuring two dimensions of bone only, it seemed to underestimate the effect of exercise on the apparent bone strength, especially if the playing had been started during the growing years.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2003

Effect of long-term impact-loading on mass, size, and estimated strength of humerus and radius of female racquet-sports players: a peripheral quantitative computed tomography study between young and old starters and controls.

Bone characteristics of the humeral shaft and distal radius were measured from 64 female tennis and squash players and their 27 age-, height-, and weight-matched controls with peripheral quantitative tomography (pQCT) and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The players were divided into two groups according to the starting age of their tennis or squash training (either before or after menarche) to examine the possible differences in the loading-induced changes in bone structure and volumetric density. The following pQCT variables were used: bone mineral content, total cross-sectional area of bone (TotA), cross-sectional area of the marrow cavity (CavA) and that of the cortical bone (CoA), cortical wall thickness (CWT), volumetric density of the cortical bone (CoD) and trabecular bone (TrD), and torsional bone strength index for the shaft (BSIt) and compressional bone strength index for the bone end (BSIc). These bone strength indices were compared with the DXA-derived areal bone mineral density (aBMD) to assess how well the latter represents the effect of mechanical loading on apparent bone strength. At the humeral shaft, the loaded arm's greater bone mineral content (an average 19% side-to-side difference in young starters and 9% in old starters), was caused by an enlarged cortex (CoA; side-to-side differences 20% and 9%, respectively). The loaded humerus seemed to have grown periosteally (the CavA did not differ between the sites), leading to 26% and 11% side-to-side BSIt differences in the young and old starters, respectively. CoD was equal between the arms (-1% difference in both player groups). The side-to-side differences in the young starters' bone mineral content, CoA, TotA, CWT, and BSIt were 8-22% higher than those of the controls and 8-14% higher than those of the old starters. Old starters' bone mineral content, CoA, and BSIt side-to-side differences were 6-7% greater than those in the controls. The DXA-derived side-to-side aBMD difference was 7% greater in young starters compared with that of the old starters and 14% compared with that in controls, whereas the difference between old starters and controls was 6%, in favor of the former. All these between-group differences were statistically significant. At the distal radius, the player groups differed significantly from controls in the side-to-side bone mineral content, TrD, and aBMD differences only: the young starters' bone mineral content difference was 9% greater, TrD and aBMD differences were 5% greater than those in the controls, and the old starters' TrD and aBMD differences were both 7% greater than those in the controls. In summary, in both of the female player groups, the structural adaptation of the humeral shaft to long-term loading seemed to be achieved through periosteal enlargement of the bone cortex, although this adaptation was clearly better in the young starters. Exercise-induced cortical enlargement was not so clear at the distal radius (a trabecular bone site), and the study suggested that at long bone ends, the trabecular density could be a modifiable factor to built a stronger bone structure. Conventional DXA-based aBMD measurement detected the intergroup differences in the exercise-induced bone gains, although, because it measured two dimensions of bone only, it seemed to underestimate the effect of exercise on the apparent bone strength, especially if the playing had been started during the growing years.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Thoracoabdominal musculoskeletal injuries in racquet sports.

Thoracoabdominal musculoskeletal injuries are separated into rectus abdominus injuries and lower thoracic muscular injuries. Localized rectus injuries may be treated by steroid injection. Diffuse rectus injuries and thoracic injuries are treated by aggressive rehabilitation. The mechanisms of injury are different in each case, and prevention of these forces is necessary to allow soft-tissue healing.

Abdominal Muscles↗