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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Quality assurance procedures in radiotherapy of rectal neoplasms.

Major uncertainties which impact on pre- or postoperative radiotherapy of rectal neoplasms and operational measures taken to lower the risks in prescription, planning, delivery and follow-up of radiotherapy, are examined. In prescription, major problems related with the selection of treatment dose and volumes, are considered. In planning, irradiation techniques and systems for intestinal loop displacement from treatment site, are analyzed. In dose delivery, methods used to ensure treatment reproducibility and support care, are examined. Finally, in follow-up procedures used in the evaluation of disease progress, late side-effects, and life quality, are discussed.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

Mass screening for rectal neoplasm in Jiashan County, China.

Jiashan county is a rural area in China with very high incidence and mortality rates of colorectal cancer. From 1980 to 1984, we conducted a mass screening for rectal neoplasm in the 11 people's communes in this county. Of the 72,879 individuals who were eligible for screening, 60,496 participated, representing an overall participation rate of 83.0%. Both the fecal occult blood (OB) test and rectoscopy were performed on 47,560 of the participants, and rectoscopy only was performed on the remaining 12,936 individuals. From the mass screening, 15 rectal cancers, 3 carcinoids, 899 polyps, 98 ulcers, and 7 inflammatory tumors were detected, a total of 1022 cases. Eight of the 15 detected cases of rectal cancer were in Dukes' stage A. We did not find any evidence for an association between schistosomiasis and colorectal cancer. Results from the OB test were found to have a negative correlation with results from rectoscopy (odds ratio = 0.8, 95% CI = 0.6, 1.1). The OB test had a high false positive rate of 32.7%, and a poor positive predictive value of 3.5%. Both its positive and negative predictive powers were below 1.0, in other words, its positive likelihood ratio was below 1.0 and negative likelihood ratio was above 1.0, indicating that the OB test is not informative and has a poor predictive accuracy for rectal neoplasm. In addition, there were a number of practical problems concerning the use of the OB test for mass screening in the rural community.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Combined therapy of colonic and rectal neoplasms in an advanced phase].

The results obtained in a series of 75 patients suffering from advanced cancer of the colon-rectum are examined. Survival of these patients is looked at as a function of the extent of surgical demolition, and as a function of postoperative chemotherapy. Demolition interventions were followed by much higher survival than was observed following palliative operations. At the same time, survival was higher in patients who underwent post-operative chemotherapy. The results therefore justify a more aggressive approach in advanced cancer of the colon-rectum.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Primary reconstruction of intestinal continuity in patients with complicated colon and rectal neoplasms].

Experience in surgical treatment of 290 patients with carcinoma of the large intestine following a complicated course shows that primary restoration of the intestinal continuity is possible. In this event, the allowable operative risk with consideration for the pronounced character of the pathological process must be analysed, and adequate anesthiological and resuscitation services must be provided. It is advisable that such operations are performed in specialized surgical institutions.

Colonic Neoplasms↗
PubMed1978

[Methods of local excision of rectal neoplasms].

Recent experience in the behaviour of rectal carcinomas allows local tumour excision under certain conditions to be carried out as a "total excision-biopsy in healthy tissue". The indication for operation depends on criteria referring to the tumour as well as to the patient. The operation technique is that of transanal excision. Brief survey of personal results.

Humans↗
PubMed2001

[Trans-anal resection of low rectal neoplasms].

BACKGROUND: The rising incidence of colorectal neoplasms, and in particular those localised in the lower rectum is stressed and the therapeutic opportunities offered by the trans-anal resection technique are underlined. METHODS: The indispensable conditions for adopting a surgical approach are pointed out. These are identified as the size of the neoplasm, which should not exceed 4 cm, the fixity, site, the polypoid and non-ulcerated nature of the lesion, and the involvement of not more than 1/4 of the circumference of the bowel. Using these inclusion criteria, the authors operated on five patients in the 4th Division of General Surgery at G. Martino Polyclinic in Messina, using trans-anal resection of low rectal neoplasm. RESULTS: No hemorrhagic complications or lesions in the visceral wall occurred. All patients underwent a follow-up of up to 36 months and to date no patient has presented long-term metastasis; local recidivation was observed in one patient after 14 months and this was treated using the trans-anal method. CONCLUSIONS: The authors affirm that trans-anal resection may be regarded as the elective treatment of patients with neoplasms confined to the visceral wall and without dissemination; it is palliative in cases where the tumour is larger than 4 cm, with lymph node involvement. But even in this case, and in more advanced situations, this method allows mortality due to occlusive complications to be reduced and ensures a better quality of residual life.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

[Transanal endoscopic microsurgery for local excision of rectal neoplasms].

We removed 30 benign, sessile, rectal polyps by the transanal approach between January 1990 and April 1994. In 16 patients we used transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM), while in 14 the adenoma was removed by submucosal excision (SE). There were 3 local recurrences in the SE group, but none as yet in the TEM group. There was no operative mortality. Early complications included myocardial infarction in 1 patient and persistent postoperative fever which responded to antibiotic treatment in another. Late complications included temporary, anal mucous leakage in 10% and 5% of the TEM and SE groups, respectively. TEM was found to be efficient for the removal of polyps in the upper and middle thirds of the rectum, and SE for those in the lower third. This enables safe removal of rectal polyps, avoiding the need for complex operations involving greater risks.

Adenomatous Polyps↗