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Results for “RADIOACTIVE FALLOUT”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Lessons from Chernobyl: the event, the aftermath fallout: radioactive, political, social.

The accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power station on April 26, 1986, released about 300 MCi of radioactive substances, including about 40 MCi of 131I and 100 MCi of short-lived radioiodines. In the immediate surroundings there were 143 cases of acute radiation syndrome, 34 deaths, and hundreds of thousands of people displaced from their homes, many permanently. The social and psychologic stresses that followed have been enormous and long-lasting. This article focuses on the rising incidence of thyroid cancer in exposed children. Radiation-induced thyroid cancer following external radiation is well documented but there is little evidence in humans of thyroid cancer from internal radiation and the risk coefficient for radioiodine exposure is known. To achieve this, thyroid dose reconstruction and prospective follow-up of about 50,000 persons who were children in 1986 will be required. Thyroid cancer in children of southern Belarus began to increase in 1990 and there now are about 1,000 cases in Belarus and northern Ukraine. These aggressively growing tumors, almost all variants of papillary thyroid cancer, are typical for thyroid cancer in children not exposed to radiation, and a low mortality rate is to be expected. It also is expected, however, that malignant as well as benign thyroid neoplasms will continue to arise in these exposed children well into their adult life.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Feeding green-cut forage contaminated by radioactive fallout to dairy cows.

Grass contaminated by radioactive fallout from the Chernobyl accident was cut with 150 mm (Treatment 1) and 50 mm (Treatment 2) stubble height and fed to 20 dairy cows. The transfer of 137Cs and 131I from the greencut forage to milk was studied during a four-week and a two-week period, respectively. The four-week period was followed by a three-week period with nearly uncontaminated feeds. Cutting with high stubble height significantly reduced the activity concentration in forage compared with low stubble cutting, the average contents kg-1 dry matter being 385 Bq 137Cs and 24 Bq 131I in Treatment 1 versus 6656 Bq 137Cs and 249 Bq 131I in Treatment 2. Apparent treatment effects were also demonstrated by the 137Cs concentration in milk, with maximum weekly means of 23 Bq kg-1 (Treatment 1) and 92 Bq kg-1 (Treatment 2). Single day maximum concentrations of 131I in milk were 4 Bq kg-1 (Treatment 1) and 9 Bq kg-1 (Treatment 2). The mean transfer coefficients (d kg-1) were calculated to be 0.67 X 10(-2) and 0.19 X 10(-2) for 137Cs (weeks 2-4) and 1.8 X 10(-2) and 0.2 X 10(-2) for 131I (week 2) in Treatments 1 and 2, respectively. The lower value for 137Cs might possibly be associated with an enhanced ash content of the forage. Feeding nearly uncontaminated rations rapidly decreased the 137Cs levels in milk in both treatments with calculated effective half-times over the three-week period of 10 and 7 d, respectively.

Accidents↗