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Results for “Psychophysiologic Disorders”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1975

Psychophysiologic disorders in children and adolescents.

Psychosomatic disorders in children and and adolescents is a topic that covers a wide variety of illnesses and one which is difficult if not impossible to define accurately. In general, chronic emotional states, often nonspecific, serve as strong contributors to the development of a physical illness. The particular illness is often dictated by varying degrees of biological predisposition in one physiological system-i.e., such a predisposition in the respiratory system may lead to asthma or in the gastrointestinal system to ulcerative colitis. In some cases the biological factor is large and the emotional factor minimal, while in other cases the reverse is true. In the early days of research in psychosomatic disorders it was widely believed that each disorder was accompanied by certain specific emotional problems. Further study has shown this is not true. It was also felt that many, if not most of these disorders could be cured by psychotherapy, and this also has proven to be a fallacy. we have moved more and more to the team approach. Since both psyche and soma are involved, more than one specialist is usually required. In children and adolescents this may involve a child psychiatrist, a pediatrician, an allergist or gastroenterologist, a social worker and a psychologist. It requires time and patience to form an effective and smoothly functioning team in which all members respect one another's potential contribution. Some examples of team operation are presented and some of the problems outlined. In addition, there is attention given to the special problems of the adolescent and also the child with chronic nonspecific physical complaints as well as the child who requires hospitalization.

Accident Proneness↗
PubMed1982

Quieting response training: treatment of psychophysiological disorders in psychiatric inpatients.

Self-regulation methods incorporating biofeedback are known to be useful in the treatment of psychophysiological disorders in psychologically normal patients. In this study, the effectiveness of Quieting Response (QR) training for the treatment of secondary psychophysiological complaints in psychiatric inpatients was assessed. Ten male and 27 female inpatients with a variety of secondary psychophysiological diagnoses were accepted into the study. Severely disturbed, confused, or depressed patients were excluded. All patients received QR training, which integrated EMG (electromyogram) and thermal feedback with breathing, progressive relaxation, and autogenic exercises. Daily practice of a 15-minute sequence of exercises was encouraged, and a 6-second reinforcement exercise was presented for use whenever an annoyance was encountered. No other therapeutic modalities were employed. Patients were followed for up to 2 years, and outcome was assessed with a multifactor quartile system. Rate of success at final follow-up for the inpatients (51%) was found to be equivalent to that of outpatients coming to the clinic with primary psychophysiological diagnoses (55%) and was not related to psychiatric diagnosis or nature of presenting complaint. Stepwise discriminant analysis indicated that older, less depressed individuals were more successful. Inpatients differed from nonpsychiatric patients only in the number of additional sessions received. Only one minor incident of increased psychopathology was observed. It was concluded that QR training was as effective for treating secondary psychophysiological disorders in all but the most severely disturbed inpatients as it was for the outpatient clinic population.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Observation on therapeutic effect of acupuncture and moxibustion combined with cupping on senile psychophysiologic disorders].

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the feasibility of acupuncture and moxibustion combined with rapid and repeated cupping at points on the back for treatment of senile psychophysiologic disorders. METHODS: Sixty cases of clinically commonly-seen senile psychophysiologic disorders were randomly divided into the treatment group treated by acupuncture and moxibustion combined with rapid and repeated cupping at points on the back and the control group treated by oral administration of small dose of medicine for expectant treatment. Their therapeutic effects were compared. RESULTS: The therapeutic effect of the treatment group was better than that of the control group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Acupuncture and moxibustion combined with rapid and repeated cupping at points on the back can more rapidly alleviate the psychotic symptoms of thinking more and misgivings, gloominess, desire to cry, restlessness due to deficiency, anger, impatient for senile psychophysiologic disorders.

Acupuncture Points↗
PubMed1979

Psychophysiologic disorders: a critical appraisal of concept and theory illustrated with reference to the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

The concept of psychophysiologic disorders and the major theories invented to account for such disorders are critically reviewed. The Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) serves to illustrate the application of each theory and provides a vehicle for their appraisal. The tendency to think of 'physical' and 'psychological' as separate entities rather than separate languages has led to attempts to make a categorical distinction between disorders caused by 'psychological' factors and those caused by 'physical' factors. Some of the theories developed to account for psychophysiologic disorders are unscientific and none can adequately account for all the features of IBS. It is concluded that the concept of psychophysiologic or psychosomatic disorder is outmoded.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1978

Biofeedback and relaxation training in the treatment of psychophysiological disorders: or are the machines really necessary?

The literature on the use of biofeedback and various forms of relaxation training in the treatment of psychophysiological disorders was reviewed; special attention was devoted to studies in which biofeedback and some form of relaxation training were compared. Based on this review, we conclude that there is no consistent advantage for one form of treatment over the other with any psychophysiological disorder for which a comparison has been made, e.g., essential hypertension, migraine headaches, premature ventricular contractions, tension headaches, temporomandibular joint pain, asthma, primary dysmenorrhea, and functional diarrhea. For other disorders in which no comparisons have been made (e.g., Raynaud's disease, sinus tachycardia, peptic uclers, and fecal incontinence) biofeedback seems to be a very promising treatment modality.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
PubMed1987

Comparison of rehabilitation outcome between patients with psychophysiologic disorders and organic diseases.

Two groups of patients with either psychophysiologic disorders or organic diseases were examined four weeks prior to an in-patient rehabilitation treatment, at the beginning and at the end of the rehabilitation, and six months thereafter. Data were collected through questionnaires assessing personality dimensions, physical complaints, hypochondriac behaviour, mood, disease concepts, living habits, and socio-economic as well as medical data. The groups were comparable according to a wealth of socio-economic and medical data but differed in extraversion, emotional lability, physical complaints, mood, disease concepts, and performance during ergometric exercise. Even before treatment there were changes in some variables between the examination at home and the examination at the onset of the treatment. Many short-term and long-term positive treatment effects could be observed but some adverse trends also emerged. Changes in personality dimensions, mood, and disease concepts revealed differential trends for both groups. The results are discussed in the context of the illness behaviour concept.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

A new method of classification for psychophysiologic disorders.

The authors suggest that there are a number of shortcomings in DSM-II's classification system for psychophysiologic disorders, which lists this group of disorders as a distinct group of diseases different from other organic diseases. They propose a new, multiaxial method of classification in which the clinician could indicate the role of psychological factors in the initiation, exacerbation, or maintenance of any physical disorder. This method would make it possible for the first time in psychiatric nomenclature to indicate a clinical judgment of the importance of psychological factors in all physical disorders rather than focusing on a small group of illnesses traditionally regarded as psychosomatic or psychophysiologic.

Humans↗
PubMed2001

Neuroimmunologic influences in neuropsychiatric and psychophysiologic disorders.

Top down central nervous system (CNS) influences on the immune system and bottom up immune system influences on the CNS take part in a complex feedforward and feedback loop which may be responsible for initiating events and perpetuating circumstances in the course of neuropsychiatric as well as immune system diseases. In this paper the authors examine the neuroendocrine-neuroimmune stress response system, the concept of autoimmunoregulation, and recent studies of immune and pharmacological dysregulation in neuropsychiatric and psychosomatic illnesses. The authors review the recent English language literature on these subjects. Support for the hypothesis that macrophages play an important role in neurodevelopment and in the pathophysiology of various neuropsychiatric conditions is found. The interplay between neurologic and immune systems may help to uncover the pathophysiologies of certain neuropsychiatric systems. This may provide new strategies for pharmacologic anti inflammatory treatments. The monocyte /macrophage, which crosses the blood brain barrier is an essential candidate cell in the study of psychoneuroimmunology.

Depression↗