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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Etiological differences in patterns of psycholinguistic development of children of IQ 30 to 60.

We compared the psycholinguistic abilities of 131 mentally retarded children (IQs 30 to 60) of different etiological classifications (Down's syndrome, biologically brain damaged, environmentally caused retardation, unknown cause) and characterized each etiology according to the different patterns of psycholinguistic skills exhibited by the children. Level of skills was determined by the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities, which was administered to each subject. Down's syndrome children exhibited significantly lower verbal-auditory skills than visual-motor skills. The environmentally caused retardation group showed no significant differences in development of psycholinguistic channels. Down's syndrome children had significantly lower verbal-auditory abilities than did the other etiological groups of severely retarded children. Etiological differences in the visual-motor channel were less marked.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

A comparison of an ITPA estimated psycholinguistic quotient and WISC-R IQS for developmentally disabled children.

Compared an estimated Psycholinguistic Quotient, based on Cronkhite and Penner's (1975) revised scoring procedure for the ITPA Psycholinguistic Age, to the WISC-R Verbal, Performance, and Full Scale IQs of developmentally disabled children. The Quotient entered into strong relationships with the WISC-R Verbal and Full Scale IQs. The diagnostic significance of these correlations was discussed. The data indicated that the estimated Psycholinguistic Quotient was a valid measure for screening intellectual status in this population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Toward a differentiation of descriptive and psycholinguistic language models: perceptual and orthographic/phonological analysis of spelling strategies.

Linguistic concepts of the principles and rule systems composing language are instantiated in the models known as grammars. These grammars, typically generative in format, are descriptions of those representatives of universal rule processes found in the particular language being described. Many psycholinguists are now becoming concerned with how to determine to what extent such formal descriptive language models also embody psychologically valid descriptions of speaker processes. It is this issue to which the current article is addressed. The psycholinguistic validity of a language model may be studied by experimental investigation of the degree to which speaker behaviors follow the patterns dictated by linguistic theory. In this article, English phonology, specifically the nature of phonological units in internalized phonological representations, was chosen as the area for study. The choice was made because English phonology is particularly well described by the standard theory, and because this theory contains explicit predictions about how English speakers' phonological knowledge will be realized in their control of English orthography, e.g., in spelling. The present article discusses a series of studies designed to determine whether speakers' spelling behavior follows the supposed patterns of phonological competence, wherein any divergences may lie, and to what processes they may be attributed. The results of the studies suggest the necessity for differentiating a formal description of English phonology from a psycholinguistic model.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Environmental change and psycholinguistic ability of mentally retarded adults.

Effects on linguistic ability of transferring retarded adults from a large institution to small "family" bungalows were examined. Effects of environmental change on linguistic ability were assessed using the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities (ITPA) and by video-tape recordings of subjects engaging in speech. Results indicated that the bungalows had more resident-oriented as opposed to institution-oriented practices and more staff-resident interaction than did the large institution. The residents to be transferred were matched with control subjects who remained in the large institution. The ITPA was administered and resident interviews were video taped for both groups immediately before the transfer date and 9 months later. Psycholinguistic ability improved significantly more for transferred residents than for control subjects. Transferred residents increased the number of words used in affirmative and negative replies to simple questions during the videotaped interview, but there were no indications of any progression from one language stage to the next. The findings are comparable to previous studies concerning environmental change and increase in language ability of retarded children.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Correlations between the neurobiology of colour vision and the psycholinguistics of colour naming.

Neurobiological experiments demonstrate that colour sensation is perceived by the brain by processes which, in principle, follow the opponent colour pairs scheme proposed by Hering in 1874. Tests on colour naming in various European, Asian and Central American languages have shown that the opponent scheme is also reflected in psycholinguistics. The linguistic evolution of colour terms proposed by Berlin and Kay (1969) is correlated directly with the ontogenetic development of language in children as elucidated by Jakobson (1941). Colour vision is therefore a suitable field for interdisciplinary investigations of brain processes and linguistics.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Psycholinguistic correlates of language predictability in psychiatric interviews.

Applied the cloze technique to patient speech samples that were obtained from tape-recorded initial intake interviews in a psychiatric outpatient clinic. The findings indicated that cloze samples taken from the end of the interview were less predictable than those obtained from the beginning. Correlation with cloze change scores in discussed.

Anxiety↗