[Responsibility of the psychiatric nurse. Psychiatric nursing care outside the hospital].
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After almost 30 years since the creation of the Psychiatric Nursing Concentration Area in the Graduate Program of the University of São Paulo Nursing School, it is important to take a look at its scientific production in order to substantiate reflection about teaching. This is a descriptive-exploratory study. It used as sources the registers of the Graduate Service, abstracts from theses and dissertations, and memoranda and official correspondence. The data collected were analyzed in the light of the transformations occurred in this structure that has graduated 60 students, of which 50 obtained a Master's Degree and 10 a PhD, and that has been restructuring its disciplines, research lines and projects with the objective of responding to internal and external evaluations and adjusting to the guidelines of the country's fostering agencies. Current scientific production points out to an alignment with the guidelines of the Psychiatric Reform, and a tendency to produce knowledge through the concrete practice of the workers in the assistance field, the mana-gement and the teaching of Mental Health.
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The present paper reports the results of a quasi-experimental study that examined the relationship between exposure to the theory and practice of psychiatric nursing and the desirability of psychiatric nursing as a future career choice. A time series design was utilized to enable a comparison between pre- and post-test scores. A significant increase in the popularity of psychiatric nursing was evident in the experimental group in the post-test phase, while no significant change was detected in the control group. Despite this increase, a large number of students from the experimental group indicated their reluctance to undertake a career in psychiatric nursing without first consolidating their skills in the medical-surgical area. This situation reflects an image of nursing that is contrary to the caring philosophy it purports to embrace, but which appears to favour certain areas of nursing practice at the expense of others.
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Psychiatric nursing is invariably assumed to be a stressful area of nursing practice. Empirical evidence to support this proposition is limited, however, due to the lack of research in this field. The purpose of this project was to examine occupational stress in a specified area of psychiatric nursing. The research was exploratory and therefore the concern was discovery and description rather than the testing of clear hypotheses and the development of causal relationships. The study has four main objectives. First, to describe the various stressors present in the work of the psychiatric nurse in the acute admission wards of two district health authorities. Secondly, to measure the effects of stress using a recognized and well-validated instrument for recording levels of burnout. Thirdly, through the use of a particular theoretical framework to identify the types of coping strategy used by the participants in the study. Fourthly, to note any clear associations between the stressors, the effects of stress and the ways of coping identified in the study. The conceptual basis for the project was Lazarus's cognitive theory of stress and coping and Maslach's model of burnout.