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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

Cerebral Pseudallescheria boydii infection: unique occurrence of fungus ball formation in the brain.

Pseudallescheria (Petriellidium) boydii is the most frequent etiologic agent of mycetoma in temperate regions of the world. In addition, it may also occur as a systemic infection in immunocompromised patients. Infection of the central nervous system is rare, and only eleven cases of Pseudallescheria brain abscess have been documented. We report a leukemic patient in whom disseminated pseudallescheriasis was diagnosed only after death. This case is unique in that a white matter cavitation was present containing a fungoma of Pseudallescheria, the first report of a cerebral fungus ball caused by this organism. The previous cases of Pseudallescheria brain abscess are reviewed, and the histopathologic features of Pseudallescheria which permit its differentiation from Aspergillus and other fungi are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Molecular variability of Pseudallescheria boydii, a neurotropic opportunist.

The sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) ribosomal DNA (rDNA) domain data obtained by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis with 18S rDNA and fingerprinting (M13) for clinical and environmental strains of Pseudallescheria boydii (anamorph, Scedosporium apiospermum) were compared to those for related species of Pseudallescheria, Petriella, and Scedosporium. The infraspecific variability of P. boydii was considerable. There were five different lengths in the 18S rDNAs within P. boydii due to the occurrence of introns. In several cases, strains isolated from a single pond or ditch proved to be genetically very different. Nevertheless, some lineages had a regional distribution. The variability found is unlikely to be explained by meiotic recombination alone. Pseudallescheria fusoidea, Pseudallescheria ellipsoidea, and Pseudallescheria angusta were found to be synonyms for P. boydii. Scedosporium prolificans was found amid Petriella species in the ITS tree and showed no infraspecific variability. The type strain of Rhinocladium lesnei proved to be identical to Graphium putredinis. Acladium castellanii, which is morphologically reminiscent of S. apiospermum, was also found to be a separate species, but with an unknown affiliation.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Molecular phylogeny of the Pseudallescheria boydii species complex: proposal of two new species.

Pseudallescheria boydii (anamorph Scedosporium apiospermum) is the species responsible for human scedosporiosis, a fungal infection with a high mortality rate and which is difficult to treat. Recently, it has been demonstrated that high genetic variation exists within this species. We have performed a morphological and molecular study involving numerous strains of clinical or environmental origins and from different countries. The analysis of partial sequences of the beta-tubulin (two loci) and calmodulin genes and the internal transcribed spacer region of the rRNA gene has demonstrated that P. boydii is a species complex. The combined analysis of the sequences of the four loci of 60 strains has showed the presence of 44 haplotypes in the in group. Three species morphologically related to P. boydii sensu stricto, i.e., Pseudallescheria angusta, Pseudallescheria ellipsoidea, and Pseudallescheria fusoidea, which had previously been considered synonyms, could be differentiated genetically from P. boydii in our study. It is relevant that two of the three strains now included in P. ellipsoidea have caused invasive infections. The species Pseudallescheria minutispora and Scedosporium aurantiacum are clearly phylogenetically separated from the other species studied and are here proposed as new. Morphological features support this proposal. All the strains included in S. aurantiacum species have a clinical origin, while those included in P. minutispora are environmental. Further studies are needed to demonstrate whether all the species included in the P. boydii complex have different clinical spectra and antifungal susceptibility.

Calmodulin↗
PubMed2005

Molecular taxonomy and ecology of Pseudallescheria, Petriella and Scedosporium prolificans (Microascaceae) containing opportunistic agents on humans.

The main purpose of the present paper is to establish the connection between phylogenetic and morphological data and ecological features of strains of Pseudallescheria, Petriella, and Scedosporium. For the phylogenetic analysis sequences of the ITS region and the large subunit (partial sequences) of the rDNA were used. Cultural characteristics were observed on MEA 2 % and Weitzman-Silva Hutner Agar. Results showed, that three major groups could be differentiated, corresponding to Pseudallescheria, Petriella and S. prolificans. Among Petriella species only Pe. setifera is reasonably delimited. Pe. musispora was found to be synonymous with Pe. setifera. S. prolificans proved to be a homogenous species on the basis of ITS-sequences. Morphologically, Pseudallescheria and Petriella are distinguished by ostiolate vs non-ostiolate ascomata, a bipartition reflected also in ITS sequence data. We hypothesise a secondary loss of the ostiole of Pseudallescheria due to its ecological preferences. Infraspecific grouping within the highly variable species P. boydii is consistent for at least one clade in the ITS tree. The evolution of lineages with increased virulence within P. boydii is discussed.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1999

[Pseudallescheria boydii osteoarthritis in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a case report].

INTRODUCTION: The outcome of neutropenic patients with Pseudallescheria boydii infection is poor. EXEGESIS: We report the first case of Pseudallescheria boydii hip arthritis in a patient treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In vitro susceptibility testing showed that the strain was resistant to amphotericin B, fluorocytosine and nystatin, but susceptible to itraconazole. The patient received oral itraconazole (600 mg/day) and clinical symptoms initially resolved. Two months later, after a course of chemotherapy and high-dose steroids while receiving oral itraconazole treatment, the patient developed fever, skin lesions and disseminated lung infiltrates due to Pseudallescheria boydii and finally died. CONCLUSION: This case illustrates the severity of fungal infections due to Pseudallescheria boydii despite a presumably well-conducted antifungal therapy.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed2001

Pseudallescheria: an underdiagnosed fungus?

Pseudallescheria has been identified as one of the "clinically significant emerging mycoses" but has received little attention in the cytology literature. Recognition of this fungus is of particular importance clinically, because unlike most other fungi (including Aspergillus, with which it is most frequently confused), Pseudallescheria is not effectively treated with amphotericin B, the most frequently and often the only antifungal agent administered. Features helpful in the diagnosis of Pseudallescheria in cytologic material are presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Fungal arthritis due to Pseudallescheria boydii (Scedosporium apiospermum).

Musculoskeletal infections by fungal agents are uncommon conditions. Pseudallescheria boydii is an ubiquitous saprophytic fungus frequently involved in maduromycosis but rarely in septic arthritis. We describe a case of Pseudallescheria boydii destructive suppurative arthritis and osteomyelitis of the knee in an adult Guadeloupean man. Osteoarticular infections due to Pseudallescheria boydii are reviewed.

Arthritis, Infectious↗
PubMed1987

Fungal endocarditis caused by Pseudallescheria (Petriellidium) boydii in an intravenous drug abuser.

We present a case of fungal endocarditis in a 42-year-old man with a history of intravenous drug abuse who required aortic valve replacement for severe aortic insufficiency. Cultures of the resected valve grew Pseudallescheria boydii. The patient subsequently developed persistent endocarditis of the prosthetic valve with systemic embolism. At autopsy, cultures of the prosthetic valve grew Monosporium apiospermum, an anamorph of Pseudallescheria boydii. Although fungal endocarditis is not uncommon in intravenous drug abusers, endocarditis caused by Pseudallescheria boydii is rare. It has been reported in only three other instances, and under circumstances that were different from ours.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1990

The first case of Pseudallescheria boydii meningitis in China--electron microscopic study and antigenicity analysis of the agent.

Reported in this paper is the first case of isolation of Pseudallescheria boydii from cerebral spinal fluid of a boy with meningitis in China. Morphology and culture were observed by light microscopy, electron scanning microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, mycelium antigen prepared by SDS-PAGE was compared with that of the other strain of Scedosporium apiospermum. Both of the strains showed more than 40 peptide lines. Their molecular weight was very similar. On the CS-930 Dual-Wavelength TLC Scanner the peaks of both antigens showed to lie in nearly the same position. It could be concluded that Pseudallescheria boydii and Scedosporium apiospermum belong to the same genus, but they are of different strains and reproductive phases.

Antigens, Fungal↗
PubMed2006

Periocular abscess caused by Pseudallescheria boydii after a posterior subtenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide.

BACKGROUND: A posterior subtenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide is an alternative to intravitreal injection in diabetic macular edema and is known to have fewer vision-threatening complications. Here, we report a case of periocular abscess following posterior subtenon injection of triamcinolone. METHODS: A 62-year-old woman who had diabetic macular edema and disc neovascularization underwent a posterior subtenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide and panretinal laser photocoagulation. One month later a periocular abscess was noted in the inferotemporal area adjacent to the scleral wall. Pus was removed by fine-needle aspiration, and microbiologic cultures identified Pseudallescheria boydii. The patient was given systemic and subconjunctival treatment with itraconazole. However, conjunctival infection and anterior chamber inflammation worsened, and another posterior subtenon abscess was found. RESULTS: Despite long-term systemic and topical itraconazole therapy, retinal detachment and vitreous opacity were shown on B-scan, and atrophic bulbi resulted. CONCLUSIONS: Pseudallescheria boydii infection of the eye and orbit can result in a poor visual outcome. Prompt surgical debridement and drainage of the abscess, along with appropriate antifungal therapy based on susceptibility testing, must be mandatory.

Abscess↗
PubMed2004

Pseudallescheria boydii cranial osteomyelitis and subdural empyema successfully treated with voriconazole: a case report and literature review.

Described here is a case of Pseudallescheria boydii cranial osteomyelitis and subdural empyema following craniotomy, which was successfully treated with surgical debridement and voriconazole. Other reported cases of Pseudallescheria boydii osteomyelitis are reviewed. The reported case suggests that voriconazole may represent a new therapeutic option for this infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Infectious posterior scleritis caused by Pseudallescheria boydii. Clinicopathologic findings.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study is to describe an unusual case of infectious posterior scleritis after excision of a pterygium. METHODS: The case history of a patient in whom anterior and posterior scleritis developed after excision of a pterygium is reviewed. Histopathologic findings are presented. RESULTS: Pathologic examination results of a scleral biopsy site and the eye showed extensive involvement of the posterior sclera with fungi that on culture grew Pseudallescheria boydii. The development of posterior scleral thickening and intrascleral abscesses gave the clinical impression of autoimmune posterior scleritis or possible tumor. Ultrasonography and computed tomography scan of the eye and orbit proved particularly helpful in following progression of scleral involvement. CONCLUSIONS: Pseudallescheria boydii is capable of causing an infectious posterior scleritis, which can mimic autoimmune posterior scleritis. The use of systemic immunosuppressive agents contributed to this unusual clinical presentation. Progression of posterior scleritis in the face of apparent adequate immunosuppressive therapy always should suggest the possibility of tumor or infection.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Pseudallescheria boydii knee arthritis in a young immunocompetent adult two years after a compound patellar fracture.

Pseudallescheria boydii arthritis of the knee developed in a 32-year-old immunocompetent man 2 years after a compound patellar fracture contaminated with soil. No other potential portal of entry was identified, suggesting that the fungus remained latent for 2 years. Pseudallescheria arthritis often occurs after a prolonged latency period, causing minimal symptoms that contrast with the frequently severe radiological changes. Although this organism often shows limited sensitivity to most antifungal agents, our patient achieved a full recovery after surgical synovectomy and 6 months of itraconazole therapy (400 mg/ d). This case illustrates the importance of testing for fungi in patients with torpid arthritis, particularly when mild clinical symptoms contrast with severe bone and joint destruction.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Atypical skin lesions caused by Curvularia sp. and Pseudallescheria boydii in two patients after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

We report two patients who developed atypical skin lesions caused by Curvularia sp. and Pseudallescheria boydii after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for severe aplastic anemia. The first patient (female, 18-year-old) had multiple hemorrhagic vesicles on day +30 after her second BMT for graft failure. Pseudallescheria boydii was isolated from a skin biopsy. The patient died of respiratory failure probably as a consequence of systemic fungal infection. The second patient (male, 9-year-old) developed an ecthyma gangrenosum-like lesion on his right palm on day +8. Curvularia sp. was isolated from a skin biopsy. Liposomal amphotericin was given to achieve a total dose of 30 mg/kg and followed by oral itraconazole until steroids were discontinued. The infection resolved completely and the patient has remained disease-free. We conclude that emerging fungal organisms such as those described in this report are increasingly recognized in this setting. Early recognition and biopsy of these cutaneous lesions will allow prompt initiation of therapy to prevent systemic infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Vertebral osteomyelitis due to Pseudallescheria boydii.

A case of primary vertebral osteomyelitis due to an opportunistic fungus, Pseudallescheria boydii, in a child with acute myeloid leukemia, is reported. To our knowledge this is the first such case in a child, and only the second reported case in the international literature of primary spinal osteomyelitis due to this organism. We discuss the problems presented by this case both in terms of diagnosis and management. We also discuss the role of surgery and systemic antifungal chemotherapy in the treatment of deep infections due to Pseudallescheria boydii.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2002

Experimental murine model of disseminated Pseudallescheria infection.

Pseudallescheria boydii is found in soil and has a worldwide distribution. This fungus was initially identified as a pathogen targeting a variety of tissues. There are fragmentary data in the literature on the in vitro susceptibility of P. boydii to different antifungal compounds. P. boydii is highly refractory to antifungal treatments. In this study, a murine model of disseminated Pseudallescheria infection was developed to evaluate efficacy of different treatment regimens. A clinical strain of P. boydii was studied in normal and neutropenic outbred ICR mice. Several inocula were tested over a range from 1 x 10(3) to 5 x 10(6) cfu. Groups of eight mice were injected with a intravenous dose of one inoculum. Mortality correlated with the dose of the inoculum, and with immunosuppression. Quantitative cultures of various tissues showed initial dissemination of disease in immune competent mice. This was followed by, reduction of tissue burden, except in the brain. In contrast, disseminated infection persisted in most organs in immunosuppressed animals (p < 0.0001). This model should be appropriate for in vivo evaluation of antifungal chemotherapy.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Pseudallescheria boydii brain abscess successfully treated with voriconazole and surgical drainage: case report and literature review of central nervous system pseudallescheriasis.

Pseudallescheria boydii and its asexual form, Scedosporium apiospermum, are ubiquitous, saprophytic fungi that commonly cause cutaneous infection. However, in certain circumstances, P. boydii can also cause invasive disease, which can involve the central nervous system (CNS). When the CNS becomes involved, treatment is difficult, therapeutic options are limited, and the prognosis is poor. We report a case of Pseudallescheria brain abscess successfully treated with surgical drainage and systemic voriconazole, the first such case to be described in the literature. We also review previously reported cases of CNS pseudallescheriasis and evaluate therapeutic options.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Native valve endocarditis due to Pseudallescheria boydii in a patient with AIDS: case report and review.

A 53-year-old man with AIDS developed mitral valve endocarditis due to infection with the fungus Pseudallescheria boydii. A limited number of cases of prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by this organism have been described. We report a unique case of pseudallescheria infection of a native valve and describe this disease in a patient with AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗