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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Proprioceptive sensory function in Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease: evidence from proprioception-related EEG potentials.

In both Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease, proprioceptive sensory deficits have been suggested to contribute to the motor manifestations of the disease. Here, proprioceptive sensory function was investigated in Parkinson's disease patients, Huntington's disease patients, and healthy control subjects (each group n=8), using proprioception-related evoked potentials. Proprioception-related potentials were elicited by passive index finger movements and measured with high-density EEG. Conventional median nerve somatosensory evoked potentials (mnSEPs) were recorded in the same session. Analysis included amplitude and latency measures from selected scalp electrodes and dipole source reconstruction. We found a proprioception-related N90 component of normal latency in both Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. The source strength of the underlying cortical generator was normal in Parkinson's disease, but marginally reduced in Huntington's disease. Using the source location of the N20-P20 component of the mnSEP as a landmark for postcentral area 3b, the N90 was localized to the precentral motor cortex. At a latency around 170-180 ms proprioception-related potentials were explained by bilateral sensory cortex activation with an altered distribution in Parkinson's disease and a reduction of ipsilateral activation in Huntington's disease. Together, the results show largely normal early proprioception-related potentials, but changes in the cortical processing of kinaesthetic signals at longer latencies in both diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Comparison of proprioceptive functions between computerized proprioception facilitation exercise and closed kinetic chain exercise in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

AIM: The aim of this study was to compare proprioceptive function between computerized proprioception facilitation exercise (CPFE) and closed kinetic chain exercise (CKCE) for knee osteoarthritis. DESIGN: Randomized-controlled. SETTING: Kinesiology laboratory. PATIENTS: Eighty-one patients with bilateral knee osteoarthritis were randomly assigned to CPFE, CKCE, and control groups. INTERVENTION: Both exercise groups underwent an 8-week program of three sessions per week. The control group received no training. The CPFE program included a 20-min computer game to be played by the trained foot of the subject. CKCE included 10 sets of 10 repetitions of repeated knee extension and flexion with resistance of 10-25% of body weight. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Absolute reposition error, functional score, walking speed, and knee muscle strength were assessed with an electrogoniometer, the physical function subscale of Western Ontario and McMaster Osteoarthritis Index, a CASIO stopwatch, and a Cybex 6000 dynamometer before and after the 8-week period. RESULTS: The results of this study showed that both CPFE and CKCE were effective in improving joint position sense, functional score, walking speed, and muscle strength. Furthermore, CKCE showed greater effect in increasing knee extensor torque in patients with knee osteoarthritis. CONCLUSION: Clinical effects of CPFE were the same as those of CKCE except for knee extensor torque. The increase in knee extensor torque in CPFE patients was not as great as that seen in CKCE patients.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Proprioception in classical ballet dancers. A prospective study of the influence of an ankle sprain on proprioception in the ankle joint.

We studied prospectively the influence of ankle sprains on proprioception as measured by recording the postural sway of classical ballet dancers. Excellent balance and coordination are important for classical ballet dancers, and postural stability requires adequate proprioception from the ankle joint. Fifty-three professional dancers from the Royal Swedish Ballet, Stockholm, and 23 nonathletes, the control group, participated in the investigation. Postural sway was recorded and analyzed with a stabilimeter using a specially designed, portable, computer-assisted force plate. Six dancers sustained ankle sprains during followup. The recordings were obtained of these dancers before and after the injuries. The stabilometry results differed among the male and female dancers and the control group as follows: 1) the male dancers demonstrated a smaller total area of sway, and 2) both the male and female dancers had a smaller mean sway on the left foot than on the right (no mean difference in sway was found between the left and right foot in the control group). In comparison with the condition before injury and with the uninjured foot, the postural stability of the dancer was impaired for several weeks after the ankle sprain. Postural stability gradually improved during rehabilitation and improvement still occurred several weeks after professional dancing had resumed.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Evaluation of shoulder proprioception following muscle fatigue.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of shoulder muscle fatigue on glenohumeral proprioception. DESIGN: A repeated proprioception test was performed. BACKGROUND: The role of conditioning and fatigue in sport injuries remains controversial. It has been hypothesized that proprioceptive information plays an important role in joint stabilization and that muscle fatigue may alter proprioceptive ability. However, the effect of shoulder muscle fatigue on glenohumeral proprioception is still controversial. METHODS: Eleven normal subjects (mean age 27.3 years) participated in this study. Proprioception tests (on the dominant shoulder) were performed in which proprioception of the active reproduced and passive reproduced shoulder position was measured using an isokinetic dynamometer and a proprioception testing apparatus, respectively. The speed of active repositioning was at 2 deg/s and passive repositioning was at 0.5 deg/s. The mean value of maximum voluntary contraction and the number of repetitions for muscle fatigue were recorded. Post-fatigue proprioception test was started within 3 min after muscle fatigue. RESULTS: There was no significant difference of shoulder proprioception between pre- and post-fatigue determinations of passive repositioning in shoulder internal rotation, passive repositioning in external rotation and active repositioning in internal rotation. There was a significant difference between pre- and post-fatigue determination of active repositioning in external shoulder rotation (mean degrees: 2.57 (SD 1.02) vs. 4.96 (SD 1.73), P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Shoulder proprioception in active repositioning in external rotation was major affected by muscle mechanoreceptors in the presence of muscle fatigue. RELEVANCE: This study revealed that the shoulder proprioception after muscle fatigue in active repositioning in shoulder external rotation was affected more sensitively by the muscle mechanoreceptors than the joint mechanoreceptors. Increasing resistance of muscle fatigue would increase the shoulder proprioceptive ability.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1994

Proprioceptive coordination of movement sequences: role of velocity and position information.

1. Recent studies have shown that the CNS uses proprioceptive information to coordinate multijoint movement sequences; proprioceptive input related to the kinematics of one joint rotation in a movement sequence can be used to trigger a subsequent joint rotation. In this paper we adopt a broad definition of "proprioception," which includes all somatosensory information related to joint posture and kinematics. This paper addresses how the CNS uses proprioceptive information related to the velocity and position of joints to coordinate multijoint movement sequences. 2. Normal human subjects sat at an experimental apparatus and performed a movement sequence with the right arm without visual feedback. The apparatus passively rotated the right elbow horizontally in the extension direction with either a constant velocity trajectory or an unpredictable velocity trajectory. The subjects' task was to open briskly the right hand when the elbow passed through a prescribed target position, similar to backhand throwing in the horizontal plane. The randomization of elbow velocities and the absence of visual information was used to discourage subjects from using any information other than proprioceptive input to perform the task. 3. Our results indicate that the CNS is able to extract the necessary kinematic information from proprioceptive input to trigger the hand opening at the correct elbow position. We estimated the minimal sensory conduction and processing delay to be 150 ms, and on the basis of this estimate, we predicted the expected performance with different degrees of reduced proprioceptive information. These predictions were compared with the subjects' actual performances, revealing that the CNS was using proprioceptive input related to joint velocity in this motor task. To determine whether position information was also being used, we examined the subjects' performances with unpredictable velocity trajectories. The results from experiments with unpredictable velocity trajectories indicate that the CNS extracts proprioceptive information related to both the velocity and the angular position of the joint to trigger the hand movement in this movement sequence. 4. To determine the generality of proprioceptive triggering in movement sequences, we estimated the minimal movement duration with which proprioceptive information can be used as well as the amount of learning required to use proprioceptive input to perform the task. The temporal limits for proprioceptive processing in this movement task were established by determining the minimal movement time during which the task could be performed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Acceleration↗
PubMed2000

Comparison of proprioception in arthritic and age-matched normal knees.

BACKGROUND: Proprioception--one's ability to sense joint position and joint motion--is affected by factors such as age, muscle fatigue, and osteoarthritis. Most proprioception studies have focused on young active subjects or on recipients of total knee replacements. Few have involved a population with arthritic knees prior to total knee replacement or persons similar in age to patients with advanced knee arthritis who are to have total knee arthroplasty. The purpose of the present study was to determine (1) if proprioception in arthritic knees differs from proprioception in nonarthritic, age-matched, normal knees; (2) if, when proprioception in one knee is reduced by the presence of advanced gonarthrosis, it also is reduced in the contralateral knee irrespective of the presence of arthritis; and (3) if a person's grade of arthritis is associated with his or her level of proprioception. METHODS: This study compared the proprioception levels of a group of 117 patients who were scheduled for total knee arthroplasty because of severe arthritis (mean age, 67.9 years) with those of a control group of forty patients who were recruited from a hospital-based cardiac rehabilitation program and did not have knee arthritis (mean age, 68.3 years). We used a customized Biodex System 2 Multi-Joint Testing and Rehabilitation System to compare proprioception (the threshold to detection of passive motion) between the two groups. RESULTS: Middle-aged and elderly persons with advanced knee arthritis were significantly less able to detect passive motion of the knee than were middle-aged and elderly persons without knee arthritis. Patients who had arthritis in only one knee had a reduced ability to detect passive motion of both knees. There was no significant association between the radiographic severity of arthritis and the threshold to detection of passive motion in patients with advanced knee arthritis. CONCLUSIONS: Knee proprioception in middle-aged and elderly persons with advanced knee arthritis is reduced in comparison with that in middle-aged and elderly persons without arthritis. Such loss of proprioception is independent of the severity of knee arthritis and may foretell the development of arthritis. When a patient has reduced proprioception with regard to one knee affected by arthritis, he or she also has reduced proprioception with regard to the contralateral knee, independent of the presence or severity of degenerative arthritis. When an investigator is evaluating changes in proprioception after knee arthroplasty, it is best to compare the knee with the patient's untreated knee rather than with age-matched controls.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Impaired proprioception and osteoarthritis.

The increase in the prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) with age may be due in part to increased joint load resulting from age-related declines in neuromechanical factors, including joint position sense or proprioception. Several studies have demonstrated that knee proprioception is worse in knee OA patients versus age-matched control subjects. Functional consequences of impaired proprioception may include lower gait velocity, shorter stride length, and slower stair walking time. Some studies have shown that proprioception can be enhanced by wearing an elastic bandage or similar orthoses and by muscle training. A variety of other interventions have been proposed as well. To date studies of proprioception in OA patients have been cross-sectional. Theoretically, impaired proprioception might contribute toward or result from OA. A paradigm depicting directions in the relationship between proprioception impairment and OA is offered. Longitudinal data are badly needed to elucidate cause and effect and to determine the relative importance of impaired proprioception in disease progression. The relationship between sensory input and protective or damaging muscle activity has been minimally evaluated in the setting of OA. In studies of clinical conditions related to OA, experimental effusions had no effect on proprioception. Proprioception was worse in hypermobility syndrome patients versus age-matched controls. Anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency is associated with a decline in proprioception.

Humans↗
PubMed2004

Proprioceptive deficits are comparable before unicondylar and total knee arthroplasties, but greater in the more symptomatic knee of the patient.

The clinical importance of the known proprioceptive deficit in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee is unclear. Attention to the factors that influence proprioception is needed to better understand the role that proprioception plays in the disease process and to assess how these deficits influence clinical outcomes of various treatment options for osteoarthritis. We hypothesized that preoperative proprioception would be poorer in knees with greater symptoms and that knees considered candidates for unicompartmental arthroplasty would have superior proprioception to those in which a total knee arthroplasty was indicated because of the less extensive disease process in the former group. Proprioceptive thresholds were measured in 119 patients with osteoarthritis and no prior knee arthroplasties who were scheduled for unicondylar or total knee arthroplasty. Proprioception examinations consisted of passively flexing and extending each of the bilateral knees in patients independently, from 45 degrees flexion until the blinded patient identified motion. Proprioceptive thresholds for flexion and extension were computed from the angular delays that elapsed before the patient recognized the stimulus. Multiple regression analysis was done to assess the association that these proprioceptive thresholds had with patient factors (age, gender, body mass index, activity level, functional capacity) and knee factors (surgical history, osteoarthritis severity, angular deformity, instability, range of motion). Patient age was the strongest predictor of proprioceptive thresholds, with older patients tending to respond slower to stimulus. Comparison of the right and left knees of each patient showed that proprioception was significantly poorer in the more symptomatic of the two knees. Preoperative thresholds did not differ between knees that received a total knee arthroplasty and those that received a unicondylar arthroplasty.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Proprioceptive recovery of patients with cervical myelopathy after surgical decompression.

STUDY DESIGN: A prospective observational study. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether proprioceptive deficit recovers after surgery and whether proprioceptive evaluation can predict functional outcome in cervical myelopathy patients. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Proprioceptive sensation plays an important role in smooth, coordinated movement of the limbs. Information about proprioception ascends through the dorsal columns in the spinal cord. In severe compressive myelopathy, proprioceptive ability would be reduced and could be improved after surgical decompression. However, there have been few studies concerning proprioceptive impairment in cervical myelopathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study group included 26 cervical myelopathy patients who underwent posterior surgical decompression. Knee proprioception was assessed by joint position sense, which was evaluated by measuring the error angle when the subjects tried to reproduce the predetermined angle by extension and by flexion. Proprioceptive deficit in the study group was evaluated, compared with age-matched normal subjects. Postoperative recovery and correlation to functional status was analyzed in the study group. The Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scores were used for functional evaluation. RESULTS: The error angles were significantly higher in the study group than those in the control group before surgery. All patients in the study group finally had improvement of the error angles by a year after surgery. The average of error angles in the study group was improved 2 weeks after surgery; however, no changes were observed later. There was significant correlation between the improvement rate of the error angles 2 weeks after surgery and that of the JOA scores 2 years after surgery. There were 9 patients who had worsened proprioception 2 weeks after surgery either by extension or by flexion, all of whom had poor functional outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Knee proprioception was impaired in cervical myelopathy and recovered after surgical posterior decompression. Proprioceptive improvement at 2 weeks correlates with the degree of improvement in JOA scores at 2 years after surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Predictive and discriminative value of shoulder proprioception tests for patients with whiplash-associated disorders.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether patients suffering from whiplash-associated disorders have impaired shoulder proprioception and whether the acuity of shoulder proprioception is reflected in the patients' symptoms and self-rated function. DESIGN: A comparative group design, including a correlation design for the patient group. SUBJECTS: Patients with chronic whiplash-associated disorders (n=37) and healthy subjects (n=41). The groups were matched for age and gender. METHODS: All subjects underwent a shoulder proprioception test involving active ipsilateral arm position-matching. Group difference was evaluated by multiple analysis of variance and analysis of variance. The patient group completed questionnaires addressing functioning and health and performed pain ratings. Associations between proprioceptive acuity and self-rated functioning and symptoms were studied by correlation and regression analyses. RESULTS: The patient group showed significantly lower acuity of shoulder proprioception. Moderate correlations were found between proprioceptive acuity and questionnaire scores representing physical functioning, so that low proprioceptive acuity was associated with low self-rated physical functioning. Scores representing pain-intensity did not correlate with proprioceptive acuity. CONCLUSION: The results show that, at the group level, patients with whiplash-associated disorders have impaired shoulder proprioception. The clinical relevance of this finding is strongly supported by the association between shoulder proprioceptive acuity and self-rated functioning in the patient group.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Injury and proprioception in the lower back.

No known research has attempted to quantify proprioception of the lower back or to examine the relationship between injury and proprioception in this region. The primary purpose of this study was to explore relationships between low back injury and proprioception of the lower back. Subjects were 88 working male firefighters from public emergency medical service departments. Three types of lower back proprioception (passive motion threshold, directional motion perception, and repositioning accuracy) were tested. Each type of proprioception was examined in the three primary planes of motion using a device designed by the author. Some anthropometric and personal variables were statistically controlled. All variables underwent multiple correlation analysis. The primary findings were: 1) longevity factors [age (r = .30, p < .01) and years of experience (r = .35, p < .001)] were best correlated with proprioceptive deficits in the sagittal plane; 2) injuries were correlated (p < .05) with proprioceptive deficits in the coronal (r = .22) and sagittal planes (r = .17) and with deficits in multiple planes (r = .19); 3) proprioceptive asymmetries were associated with injuries; and 4) the factor most highly correlated with the history of low back injuries was the presence of a spinal disorder (r = .40, p < .001). Impaired proprioception resulting from injury may degrade lumbar motor function, increasing workers' risk of reinjury. Restoring proprioception of the lumbar spine after injury should be a goal of treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Does proprioception of the extrinsic eye muscles participate in equilibrium, vision and oculomotor action?].

Extrinsic eye muscles respond to both proprioceptive and visual impulses. Histology of ocular proprioceptive receptors shows them to be qualitatively and original, neuromuscular bundles are found in primates, and so called "palisade sensory nerve endings" in felines. Golgi's osteotendinous receptors are apparently absent. The number of muscle receptors is high and their proportion in relation to muscle weight even more so. The afferent pathway for this sensory system initially accompanies the motor fibers of oculomotor III, IV, ans VI nerves. Some fibers continue with these nerves to the brain stem while others join the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve (probably in the cavernous sinus). Cell bodies of proprioceptive fibers are located either in the mesencephalic root of the trigeminal nerve and in the Gasserian ganglion. The superior colliculus, center of eye-head coordination integration, also receives proprioceptive data. Proprioceptive afferent signals also project on two cerebellar cortex regions, one in the VI th and VII th lobules of the posterior lobe vermis, the other in the flocculus, all major centers for control and interaction of visuocervicovestibular activity. Extraocular proprioceptive impulses play an important role as do visual influx, in the maturation of the visual cortex in mammalia. Moreover, maintenance of binocular integration appears to require both coherent binocular vision and balanced bilateral, extraocular afferent impulses. Clinical consequences are multiple. Proprioceptive imbalance due to oculomotor dysfunction could explain the attendant visual deficit, which is reversible after correction of they motor disorder. Forced excentration of gaze provokes equilibrium disturbances in normal subjects. In cases of oculomotor palsy, the accompanying vertigo often observed could thus be due à lack of coordination between the intention of movement and its execution. Many oculomotor signs are dependent on the position of gaze alone, in the absence of any visual guide: end-position nystagmus gaze nystagmus, rebound nystagmus, gaze drift, periodic alternating and vertical superior nystagmus, ocular flutter and opsoclonus, nystagmus retractorius, etc. Proprioceptive impulses from extrinsic eye muscles are probably necessary for assessment of orbital coordinates of the ocular globe position during target fixation: this emphasizes the importance of this proprioceptive factor in the origin of ocular jerks. Proprioceptive impulses may play a crucial role in the triggering of the rapid phase of nystagmus, thus conditioning the variations in amplitude seen in provoked nystagmus tests.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed2026

Proprioception Training and Surrogate Outcomes: A Systematic Review of Definitions, Measures, and Effectiveness Claims.

BACKGROUND: "Proprioception training" is widely advocated in rehabilitation and sports practice, yet the term encompasses heterogeneous constructs, interventions, and outcomes. Many trials infer proprioceptive benefits from surrogate outcomes (balance, strength, or pain) rather than direct psychophysical indices. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to examine how proprioception is defined and measured, and how improvement is claimed, in randomized controlled trials. METHODS: Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched to October 2025. Eligible randomized controlled trials explicitly described interventions as "proprioceptive" or "sensorimotor training" and reported at least one proprioceptive outcome, either direct (e.g., joint position reproduction, threshold to detection of passive motion, active movement extent discrimination) or indirect (e.g., sway, balance). Methodological quality was appraised with the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale and risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) tool. RESULTS: Fifty-one randomized controlled trials (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;2319) were included. Comparative synthesis showed that improvements inferred from surrogate outcomes were more frequent and often larger than improvements observed in direct psychophysical measures. Directly targeted practice, angle specific, attentionally demanding, and aligned with the measured proprioceptive submodality and task construct, produced the most consistent benefits in position-reproduction accuracy/error, movement-detection sensitivity, or discrimination performance, depending on the outcome assessed. In contrast, multimodal regimens (balance, strengthening, taping, manual therapy) commonly improved balance, pain, strength, or function without comparably consistent evidence of enhanced direct psychophysical proprioceptive function. CONCLUSIONS: Specific psychophysical components of proprioceptive function appear modifiable, but only when training explicitly targets the sensory construct measured. The field remains conceptually diffuse, with frequent conflation of sensorimotor performance and proprioception. Progress depends on defining proprioceptive submodalities a priori, privileging validated psychophysical outcomes over surrogate outcomes, and aligning intervention content with measurement to substantiate true perceptual learning rather than generic motor adaptation.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

[Can knee joint proprioception by reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament be restored? A prospective longitudinal study].

Knee proprioception was assessed in 20 healthy volunteers, 10 patients with acute anterior instability and in 20 patients with chronic anterior instability preoperatively as well as after 3 and 6 months postoperatively. To determine proprioception, an angle reproduction test was performed. There were no differences between the right and the left knee joint or between men and women. Best proprioception was measured near full extension. The acute trauma causes massive damage of the proprioception, which could be improved significantly by rehabilitation. However, rehabilitation could not restore proprioception. 3 months postoperatively, there was a slight decrease of proprioception as compared to the preoperative values, but 6 months after reconstruction, restoration of proprioception was documented near full extension and full flexion. In the mid range position, the proprioception could not be restored. There was no difference between open and arthroscopic techniques. The highest correlation was found between proprioception and patient's satisfaction.

Adult↗