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The Author has examined the period successive to July 1975, namely, from the approval of the new prison System to the present day, highlighting the manifold negative aspects due to the incomplete application of the reform and not neglecting to review also the positive aspects of the regulations applied. The Author laid special stress on the distorted interpretations given to some different regulations of the System and on the ensuing wrong procedure that has been established, whose correction represents the only way not only towards a proper application of the reforming law, but also for preventing the most serious risk the reform is liable to run; that of being made the object of revisions and abrogations that might ultimately change their nature and jeopardise their objectives. The Author reviews the practical consequences of both the erroneous interpretations of the law and of its misapplications, dwelling on Article 30 in the first place, which has prompted some to define the law the "reform of leaves". Also examined was the problem of the special prisons, the usefulness of which is confirmed by the Author, who upholds the view that they must function in full observance of the regulations, for reasons of equity and opportuneness. From the rehabilitation treatment angle, the prison work, the participation of the extramural community, the "leasure time", the assistance after release. Still in the framework of his critical approach as to the prison reality, the Author illustrates the situation of the health service, and reviews the positive points that have been achieved in the implementation of some reform institutions, with special regard to the new disciplinary approach and its satisfactory results that have already been statistically observed. More adequate talks and correspondence by letter or through the telephone, a better compensation for the prison work, the convict representation in some sectors of intramural life, the measures as an alternative to enprisonment, all these actions represent the practical results of the reform achieved so far in a rather satisfactory way. After dealing with the figure of the surveillance judge, of the director and of the military personnel of prisons, setting forth observations and proposals to enhance their work, the Author declares, by way of conclusion, that he is fully convinced that the reform will ultimately attain its important targets, laying stress on the fact that the good will and the contribution of all those who are called upon to participate in its realization, may prove instrumental in shortening the period of time required for making the reform fully operative.