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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

[Preliminary report: dissolving effect of 8% lidocaine pump spray on the print mark of the Trachlight wand].

In the use of 8% lidocaine pump spray as a lubricant on the Trachlight wand, its print mark was found to have dissolved. We therefore studied this dissolving effect on the print mark with three different types of lubricant (2% lidocaine jelly, 8% lidocaine pump spray and glycerin). One of these lubricants was painted or sprayed on the wand, and after five minutes the surface was wiped with a swab. Both lidocaine jelly and glycerin showed no effect on the print mark, but when lidocaine spray was used, the mark vanished almost completely. The manufacturer recommends that any topical anesthetics or other active ingredients should not be contained in a lubricant used on the Trachlight wand. We conclude that lidocaine pump spray should not be used as a lubricant on the Trachlight wand.

Intubation↗
PubMed2003

The symbol of modern medicine: why one snake is more than two.

Today, two serpent motifs are commonly used to symbolize the practice and profession of medicine. Internationally, the most popular symbol of medicine is the single serpent-entwined staff of Asklepios (Latin, Aesculapius), the ancient Greco-Roman god of medicine. However, in the United States, the staff of Asklepios (the Asklepian) and a double serpent-entwined staff with surmounting wings (the caduceus) are both popular medical symbols. The latter symbol is often designated as the "medical caduceus" and is equated with the ancient caduceus, the double serpent-entwined staff of the Greco-Roman god Hermes (Latin, Mercury). Many physicians would be surprised to learn that the medical caduceus has a quite modern origin: Its design is derived not from the ancient caduceus of Hermes but from the printer's mark of a popular 19th-century medical publisher. Furthermore, this modern caduceus became a popular medical symbol only after its adoption by the U.S. Army Medical Corps at the beginning of the 20th century. This paper describes the ancient origin of the Asklepian and how a misunderstanding of ancient mythology and iconography seems to have led to the inappropriate popularization of the modern caduceus as a medical symbol.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Examination of spur marks found on inkjet-printed documents.

In this paper, we propose the examination of spur mark evidence on inkjet-printed documents. Spur marks are tool marks created by the spur gears in the paper conveyance system of many inkjet printers. The relationship between printouts and printers were investigated by comparing the spur marks found on printed documents with reference spur marks sampled from known printers. The comparison was based on two characteristics of spur marks: pitch and mutual distance. These characteristics extracted the geometric features of spur marks and provided information on the type of spur gears and their location in the paper conveyance system. The spur marks on a printout matched the reference spur marks within three percent of the measured values. Spur marks were considered to be effective class characteristics to identify certain brands of inkjet printers since spur gears are used in many types of these machines.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

The use of an electrostatic detection device to identify individual and class characteristics on documents produced by printers and copiers--a preliminary study.

The market is inundated with inkjet printers, laser printers, and photocopiers, which are often used in criminal activities. Many of these office machines are built by various manufacturers, hence they are constructed with different hardware designs (e.g. "rolling" and "grabbing" mechanisms) that have changed over the years due to technological advances. Examinations of printed documents that involve the chemical analysis of ink colorants and the identification of physical machine defects such as trash marks are essential for the forensic examiner, but new techniques are needed to more closely identify a machine model or group of models. An electrostatic detection device (EDD) provide forensic examiners with a nondestructive method to examine indentations on a document. In this work, an EDD is used to detect latent physical markings left on documents by printers and photocopiers. Seventeen inkjet printers, 12 laser printers, and 3 photocopy machines were used to produce test documents. Physical markings were detectable in the large majority of the documents and were reproducible 100% of the time.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1977

Real-time record management in general practice.

The primary objectives of the Exeter Community Health Services Computer Project ('the Project') are to help provide better patient care and improved efficiency in both administrative and clinical procedures and to make available facilities for management and research. These objectives are achieved by a computer system that creates a community based Integrated Patient Record (IPR) which satisfies the needs of doctors, nurses and administrative staff both in hospitals and Health Centres. The IPR is accessed and maintained by all these users via visual display units (ICL Mark II VDU) and hard copy printers (Termiprinters) linked to a real-time communications network. This paper concentrates on the applications of the Project used in Health Centres, where General Practitioners share premises with District Nurses, Health Visitors, Social Workers and other members of the Community Health Care Team.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed1991

[Operational and economic evaluation of a Laser Printer Multimodality system].

The increasing application of digital techniques to diagnostic imaging is causing significant changes in several related activities, such as the reproduction of digital images on film. In the Department of Diagnostic Imaging of the University of Brescia, about 70% of the whole of images are produced by digital techniques; at present, most of these images are reproduced on film with a Multimodality System interfacing CT, MR, DSA, and DR units with a single laser printer. Our analysis evaluates the operative and economic aspects of image reproduction, by comparing the "single cassette" multiformat Camera and the Laser Printer Multimodality System. Our results point out the advantages obtained by reproducing images with a Laser Printer Multimodality System: outstanding quality, reproduction of multiple originals, and marked reduction in the time needed for both image archiving and film handling. The Laser Printer Multimodality System allows over 5 hours/day to be saved--that is to say the working day of an operator, who can be thus shifted to other functions. The important economic aspect of the reproduction of digital images on film proves the Laser Printer Multimodality System to have some advantages over Cameras.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1994

[Julián Gutiérrez de Toledo and his book "Cure of the stone and pain in the loin and/or renal colic" in 1498].

The physician Julián Gutiérrez de Toledo, born in the Imperial Town halfway through the Fifteenth Century and deceased around 1520, has a great relevance in the History of Urology for being the first writer of a treatise on urological topics in the Castilian language with his work "Cure of the stone and loin pain or/and renal colic" (Editor Melchor Gorricio, Printer Pedro de Hagembach, Toledo 1498). His work marks the transit from The Middle Ages to the Modern Times in what refers to awareness of the urinary tract diseases. The book "Cure of the stone..." has 85 pages written in two columns of 40 lines each with gothic characters. On the cover there is an engraving of the saint physicians Cosme and Damian, and on the last page is the printer's coat-of-arms. The book consists of five parts as all books from late Middle Ages: Of the Causes, Signs and Prognosis, Preservation, Of the Cure, Misgivings. The value of the treaty is that it compiles all that was known at the time on urinary lithiasis showing a marked Avicenna-like Galenism to which the author adds his own observations that show the Renaissance man. An exceptional witness of the reign of the Catholic King and Queen, this incunabular should be known by the Spanish speaking urologist as illustrious predecessor.

Colic↗
PubMed1980

[Patient data processing system in radiation therapy (author's transl)].

The present system stores the patients' data and is well adapted to the needs of radiation therapy. With a large computer available, there is no hardware required for clinical use but an intelligent terminal, a double drive mechanism for floppy disks, and a printer. Data acquisition is realized by means of marking sheets and screen display. The structure of the data, organization of the data bank, guarantee of data protection and of authenticity of the data, the evaluations possible until now and, finally, the practical procedure are described.

Information Systems↗
PubMed2006

A comparison of scanned lateral cephalograms with corresponding original radiographs.

INTRODUCTION: Digital cephalometric radiography is gaining popularity in orthodontic practices. However, few studies have compared measurements and superimpositions on analog radiographs with those made on scanned digital images. The objectives of this study were to evaluate distortion associated with scanning lateral cephalograms and printing to hard copy, and to assess the accuracy of digital images for regular cephalometric tasks. METHODS: Pretreatment and posttreatment cephalograms from 30 subjects were selected and 3 groups were created: original, digital, and hard copy. All films had 8 fiducial marks punched and were scanned at 150 dots per inch. The hard copies were created with a laser printer. Twenty-three cephalometric measures and 3 superimpositions were evaluated for distortion, measurement accuracy, and superimposition results. Paired t tests were used to assess statistical significance. RESULTS: Distortion between the original and the scanned image showed 0.8 mm vertical enlargement and 0.4 mm horizontal reduction. Printed radiographs had 1.1 mm vertical and 0.4 mm horizontal enlargement. All differences were statistically significant. Cephalometric comparisons between original and digital images showed statistical differences in Frankfort horizontal (FH)-occlusal plane, maxillary central incisor-FH, facial plane, y-axis, Frankfort plane to mandibular plane angle (FMA), and FH-Naison to point A (NA). Significant differences also were found in facial plane, y-axis, FMA, and FH-NA when comparing the digital and the hard-copy images. All measurements with differences contained the landmarks porion and orbitale. No differences were found between the original and the hard-copy images. Likewise, no significant differences were found between the original and the digital superimpositions. CONCLUSIONS: Although some distortion was found, the relatively small horizontal and vertical discrepancies were deemed clinically insignificant. Landmark identification errors on scanned images contributed to the discrepancies in cephalometric analysis. Therefore, for clinical orthodontic applications, scanned cephalograms can be used. However, caution must be exercised when determining porion and orbitale.

Artifacts↗
PubMed1992

[Application of video endoscope system (EVIS200) in endourology].

We began clinical studies in April, 1989 for the purpose of utilizing the video endoscope system in the field of urology, termed the Urological Video Information System (UVIS). The UVIS is made up of an image assembling and recording system and an image filling system. Since we started using the first generation video endoscope system (EVIS-1, Olympus Optical Co.) as an image assembling system, we have encountered several major obstacles such as 1) the absolute insufficiency for the amount of light, and 2) the unclearness of frozen images. As we have been able to use as second generation video endoscope system (EVIS200, Olympus Optical Co.) since September 1990, the major components of the UVIS have been modified. In this report, we describe our clinical experience with the re-designed UVIS; EVIS200, which we have used, is composed of a video-processor (CL-200, Olympus Co.), a video converter and rigid urological scopes. The EVIS200 has been evaluated not only for the endoscopic examination but also for transurethral surgery. No problems were noticed in manipulating the EVIS200. Marked improvements were achieved in image quality. Images both on the television monitor and hard copies from the color video printer had optical quality in good agreement with the gross findings. The UVIS was a great contribution to both the authors and the patients; the findings both of the examination and the surgery could be explained to the patient and family during and/or immediately after the procedure. We believe that the UVIS may replace conventional urologic endoscopy and become an excellent date-base for endourology.

Endoscopes↗
PubMed1977

[Experiences with a cardiorecorder system for continuous 24-hour registration of heart rate].

Studies regarding to the continuous registration of the heart frequency by a transportable instrument, which can store the data of the heart frequency per minute up to 24h, are presented. It is a tape recorder the speed of which is geared down. Thus a normal tape cassette C 60 is sufficient for a registration of the heart frequency during 2 X 24h. The R-wave of the ECG is registered on the first channel of the tape as a biological signal. Moreover every minute an impulse of a clock is recorded on the second channel of the tape. With help of a second instrument the play back procedure for the 24-h-recording can be performed in about 15 min. The signals of both channels of the tape are transformed in digital rectangle impulses by an installed impulse-converter. The serial impulses are counted per minute with help of the time-mark by an interface in a counter. These data are at disposal in BCD-code. They can be passed on the following peripherals: digital printer, computer, pen-recorder and so on. A parallel standardized recording of the physical activity observed by the subject or by an experimenter allows a statistical evaluation and comparison of the physical activity with the corresponding heart frequency data. Some examples of the aread of occupational health, epidemiology and exercise physiology are discussed.

Electrocardiography↗
PubMed1984

Strengths and weaknesses of direct patient interviewing by a microcomputer system in specialist gynaecological practice.

An inexpensive microcomputer system has been used to obtain histories in the gynaecological clinic. Initially, this system was applied to infertility/endocrine patients, but the programs were subsequently expanded to deal with a wide range of presenting symptoms. Questions are displayed on a visual display unit and the patient enters her answers on a simplified keypad. A formatted summary is provided by an interfaced printer. Cross-over comparison with manual histories showed that the computer produces an accurate and exhaustive record containing many additional items. This improvement was most marked for the infertility/endocrine system, where the computer provided 2.9-times as much information as a clinician. In the case of the general gynaecological history the computer obtained 1.6-times as much information. Both systems showed a high degree of consumer acceptance. This was more marked in the case of the specialist application: 77.5% of infertility/endocrine patients felt that the questionnaire had adequately covered their problem, compared to 44.5% of general gynaecological patients. Over-reporting of apparently trivial symptoms was more marked in the general system. Thus, we conclude that direct patient-interviewing systems can be recommended for relatively complex specialist applications, such as infertility/endocrinology. They may be less suitable for general applications such as gynaecology as a whole.

Computers↗
PubMed2006

Laser-printer computer-generated holograms exhibiting suppressed higher orders in the replay field.

Conventional computer-generated holograms (CGHs) consist of regularly spaced square pixels, which, when replayed, exhibit many repeated higher orders. Furthermore, such pixellated CGHs are not well suited to printing using a conventional laser printer. In this Letter a novel method is presented that exploits the characteristics of a conventional laser-printing process to generate holograms with replay fields that exhibit markedly suppressed higher orders.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

The unsuitability of HTML-based colour charts for estimating animal colours--a comment on Berggren and Merilä (2004).

BACKGROUND: A variety of techniques are used to study the colours of animal signals, including the use of visual matching to colour charts. This paper aims to highlight why they are generally an unsatisfactory tool for the measurement and classification of animal colours and why colour codes based on HTML (really RGB) standards, as advocated in a recent paper, are particularly inappropriate. There are many theoretical arguments against the use of colour charts, not least that human colour vision differs markedly from that of most other animals. However, the focus of this paper is the concern that, even when applied to humans, there is no simple 1:1 mapping from an RGB colour space to the perceived colours in a chart (the results are both printer- and illumination-dependent). We support our criticisms with data from colour matching experiments with humans, involving self-made, printed colour charts. RESULTS: Colour matching experiments with printed charts involving 11 subjects showed that the choices made by individuals were significantly different between charts that had exactly the same RGB values, but were produced from different printers. Furthermore, individual matches tended to vary under different lighting conditions. Spectrophotometry of the colour charts showed that the reflectance spectra of the charts varied greatly between printers and that equal steps in RGB space were often far from equal in terms of reflectance on the printed charts. CONCLUSION: In addition to outlining theoretical criticisms of the use of colour charts, our empirical results show that: individuals vary in their perception of colours, that different printers produce strikingly different results when reproducing what should be the same chart, and that the characteristics of the light irradiating the surface do affect colour perception. Therefore, we urge great caution in the use of colour charts to study animal colour signals. They should be used only as a last resort and in full knowledge of their limitations, with specially produced charts made to high industry standards.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1978

RAPID ANALYSIS OF ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC DATA AND TWO-DIMENSIONAL IMAGES WITH A MINI-COMPUTER BASED SYSTEM.

This study evaluates a mini-computer based system (ECHO-COMP(*)) for analyzing echocardiographic and cineangiographic data. The system consists of a programmed 16-bit mini-computer, a digitizer and a printer. Any M-mode echocardiographic recording or two-dimensional image can be analyzed with a minimal number of operator controls, and large quantities of data can be processed with statistical accuracy.

Journal Article↗