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Results for “Prenatal Injuries”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1987

Wrongful births. When is there liability for prenatal injury?

Every jurisdiction recognizes the right of a child to recover damages for prenatal injury caused by the negligence of a third party. This concept of liability for prenatal injury has been extended to include the right of parents (and sometimes the child) to recover damages from a physician who negligently deprives them of the opportunity to prevent the "wrongful birth" of an affected child. The most troubling question to arise, however, is whether a pregnant woman has a legal duty to avoid negligent behavior that may injure her future child. The unique and compelling conflicts that surround the recognition of such a prematernal duty encompass the child's right to be born free of any negligently induced injury and the pregnant woman's rights to personal privacy and bodily autonomy.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed2002

Interrelationship of genetics and prenatal injury in the genesis of malformations of cortical development.

CONTEXT: Although the causes of some malformations of cortical development (MCD) have been established, others remain unclear. There are several lines of evidence supporting the theory of a complex mechanism that involves genetic and environmental factors. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the interrelationship of genetics and prenatal injury in the genesis of MCD. PATIENTS AND DESIGN: A series of 76 consecutive patients with MCD and their families were systematically questioned about their family histories of epilepsy or other neurological impairment and the occurrence of prenatal events. Whenever possible, magnetic resonance imaging was performed in other family members if MCD was suspected or in the presence of any neurological impairment. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to the type of MCD. Patients in group 1 had focal cortical dysplasia, group 2 had heterotopias (periventricular or subcortical) or agyria-pachygyria, and group 3 had polymicrogyria or schizencephaly. These findings were also compared with a disease-control group of 40 consecutive patients with epilepsy but without MCD. SETTING: Neurology clinic of a university hospital. RESULTS: Of the 76 patients with MCD, 21 (28%) had focal cortical dysplasia, 19 (25%) had heterotopias or agyria-pachygyria, and 36 (47%) had polymicrogyria or schizencephaly. There were 39 men and 37 women, aged 2 to 52 years (mean age, 13 years). In group 2, 6 patients (32%) had a family history of MCD, mental retardation, or miscarriages, suggesting a genetic predisposition. In group 3, family history of MCD was present in 5 patients (14%). Prenatal events occurred in 28 patients with MCD (37%) and 2 controls (5%) and were more frequent in patients with heterotopia or agyria-pachygyria and polymicrogyria (P<.001). Conversely, epilepsy occurred in all patients in group 1, in 17 patients (89%) in group 2, and in 17 patients (47%) in group 3. In group 3, epilepsy was less frequent (P<.001) and also more easily controlled (P =.005) than in other forms of MCD. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support the idea of a spectrum among the different types of MCD. Focal cortical dysplasia (group 1) is associated with more frequent and severe epilepsy and less important genetic and prenatal events, heterotopias and agyria-pachygyria (group 2) are frequently associated with genetic predisposition, and polymicrogyria and schizencephaly (group 3) are less frequently associated with epilepsy but have a stronger association with genetic and detectable prenatal events.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1962

[Prenatal injuries].

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Congenital Abnormalities↗
PubMed1991

Isolated congenital hemianopia caused by prenatal injury to the optic radiation.

Isolated congenital hemianopias are typically caused by developmental abnormalities of the occipital lobe cortex. We describe two patients with an incidental partial hemianopia associated with unilateral periventricular leukomalacia that was acquired prenatally. Magnetic resonance imaging scans suggest a late second or early third trimester unilateral cerebral ischemic event.

Adult↗