Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Pregnancy Trimesters”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Transvaginal endosonography and Doppler study in embryo-fetal hemodynamic assessment in the first pregnancy trimester].

Transvaginal endosonography is now currently used in obstetrics and gynecology practice and seems a promising tool for essential studies on first trimester pregnancy. High-resolution and duplex/color Doppler in vaginal probes have brought to light new chances for early investigations on embryonic-fetal haemodynamics. We report our experience in this field, together with a review of the literature, giving an overview on embryonic-fetal cardiovascular haemodynamics studied by this approach. Blood flow patterns of intracardiac flows as extra-cardiac circulation during first trimester pregnancy are reported.

Embryo, Mammalian↗
PubMed1991

[Echography in the first pregnancy trimester has prognostic value].

Clinical and ultrasound data of 403 first-trimester pregnancies were collected prospectively. Consequences for determination of gestational age as well as the risk of spontaneous abortion were investigated. There was a clear relation between embryonal growth delay and the risk of spontaneous abortion: the risk of spontaneous abortion was significantly higher if the crown-rump length lagged 7 or more days behind the expected gestation time based on the duration of the amenorrhoea (16% versus 5.0%; p less than 0.01). It is important to know the exact duration of pregnancy, because a difference of one or two weeks can be critical in terms of survival or disability. 22.7% of the pregnant women who had a regular menstrual cycle before this pregnancy appeared to have an embryonal growth delay of seven days or more in relation to the reference curve. This illustrates the necessity of crown-rump length measurements in order to obtain accurate assessment of gestational age, which is fundamental in obstetric care.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1999

Protein meals reduce nausea and gastric slow wave dysrhythmic activity in first trimester pregnancy.

First trimester nausea is associated with gastric slow wave dysrhythmias (tachygastria, bradygastria). We tested the roles of meal composition and caloric content on nausea and slow wave rhythm in 14 nauseated pregnant women. Electrogastrography quantified dysrhythmic activity and signal power responses to meals. Symptomatic women reported mild to moderate nausea and exhibited increased dysrhythmias during fasting (P < 0.05). Protein-predominant meals reduced nausea and dysrhythmic activity to greater degrees than equicaloric carbohydrate and fat meals and noncaloric meals (P < 0.05). Meal consistency did not affect symptom responses, although liquid meals decreased dysrhythmias more than solids (P < 0.05). Carbohydrates and fats increased electrogastrographic power to similar degrees as proteins, whereas responses to noncaloric meals were less. In conclusion, protein meals selectively reduce nausea and gastric slow wave dysrhythmias in first trimester pregnancy. Meal consistency is a limited factor in the favorable effects of protein. Electrogastrographic power changes do not explain the symptom response to protein. Thus dietary modulation of gastric myoelectric rhythm with protein supplementation may provide symptomatic benefit in nausea of pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Methods of evaluating the incidence of pregnancy complications in relation to pregnancy trimester].

Some pregnancy complications depend on its term. The frequency of spontaneous abortions, hypertension, urinary infections, toxoplasmosis, cardiovascular diseases tend to decrease in relation to the term of pregnancy. The analytical equations based on this tendency make a good approximation and can be used for extrapolation in estimating projections of pathological conditions at different terms of pregnancy.

Azerbaijan↗
PubMed1997

Pelvic ultrasound performed by emergency physicians for the detection of ectopic pregnancy in complicated first-trimester pregnancies.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy and application of pelvic ultrasound performed by emergency physicians in detecting ectopic pregnancy (EP) in complicated first-trimester pregnancies. METHODS: We studied consecutive pelvic ultrasounds performed in all women who presented with abdominal pain or vaginal bleeding during the first trimester of pregnancy over a 6-month period. Patients with clinical evidence of incomplete abortion were not included. We compared ultrasound results with subsequent ultrasound findings by the radiology department and correlated them with follow-up diagnoses and outcomes. RESULTS: Of the 136 eligible patients, a final diagnosis was rendered in 125; 11 were lost to follow-up. These ED ultrasound findings were recorded: established intrauterine pregnancy (IUP) with embryonic structures, 87 (70%); indeterminate scan revealing no distinct evidence of IUP or EP, 15 (12%); early intrauterine gestational sac of less than 6 weeks without embryonic structures, 12 (10%); EP, 8 (6%); blighted ovum, 2 (2%); and molar pregnancy, 1 (1%). The initial ED ultrasound determination was consistent with radiology department findings, final outcome, or both in 121 (96%) (95% confidence interval [CI], 91% to 97%). ED ultrasound accurately identified 87 pregnancies with intrauterine embryonic structures, including 5 patients with fetal demise (95% Cl, 97% to 100%). Diagnosis of pregnancy location in these 87 patients effectively ruled out EP, with a negative predictive value of 100%. The sensitivity and specificity of ED ultrasound in the detection of EP were 90% and 88%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Pelvic ultrasonography performed by emergency physicians can be used to rule out EP and make an accurate diagnosis in most patients with complicated first-trimester pregnancies during the initial ED visit. The remaining patients at risk can be identified and a diagnosis made by means of follow-up ultrasound and serial hCG determinations.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Circulating levels of placental protein 12 and chorionic gonadotrophin following RU 38486 and gemeprost for termination of first trimester pregnancy.

First trimester termination of pregnancy was successfully induced in ten patients with RU 38486 followed 2 days later by a prostaglandin (Gemeprost) pessary. Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) values remained unaltered until after the abortion. The levels of placental protein 12 (PP12) showed an immediate and significant fall following RU 38486, then rose to values substantially higher than those at the initial visit after 2 days. These findings show that RU 38486 has a direct inhibitory effect on tissues producing PP12 and confirm the progesterone dependency of this protein.

Abortifacient Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Serum Ca-125 levels in aneuploidy screening in first pregnancy trimester. Authors' experience].

BACKGROUND: The aims of the current study were to investigate the value of Ca-125 maternal serum levels at the first trimester of pregnancy in order to test heir usefulness for the screening of foetal aneuploidies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was performed retrospectively on frozen maternal serum samples obtained in the antenatal clinics of the department of obstetrics and gynaecology: 85 control normally cycling women, 479 pregnant over 36 years from 8th to 12th week of pregnancy underwent the villocentesis, 383 pregnant women aged from 19 to 45 years underwent the "tritest" (AFP = alpha-fetoprotein, hCG = human chorionic gonadotropin, fE3 = free estriol, age) for the screening of the Down syndrome in the second trimester of pregnancy. All newborns have been tested by Apgar score. The immunoradiometric (IRMA) Ca-125 assay was performed without knowing the result of the cytogenetic test. Over all we have had 11 patients with aneuploidy, 7 Down, 3 Edwards and 1 Patau. The levels of Ca-125 are expressed as MoM multiple of median) in order to compare the levels at different gestational age. RESULTS: We had no significant differences between normal and pathological pregnancies, therefore we don't reckon the Ca-125 assay useful in the screening of aneuploidies in the first trimester of pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Colour Doppler evaluation of ureteral jets in normal second and third trimester pregnancy: effect of patient position.

The study was designed to investigate the effect of patient position on the detection of ureteral jets in normal pregnancy. The number of jets was recorded for 1 min using colour Doppler ultrasound in 26 healthy asymptomatic gravid women between 16 weeks and 34 weeks gestation. Each patient was examined in the supine position and in both the right and left lateral decubitus positions. Ureteral jets were present on at least one side in 24 patients in the supine position compared with 26 women in the lateral decubitus position. 13 (54%) of the 24 patients in whom jets were seen in the supine position had jets on only one side. A mean of 1.80 jets x min(-1) was detected on the right side and 3.23 jets x min(-1) on the left (p=0.046) in the supine position. In the contralateral decubitus position, jets were detected on the right side in 22 (85%) women and on the left in 25 (96%) women. A mean of 3.07 jets x min(-1) was detected on the right and 4.15 jets x min(-1) on the left. The difference in the frequency of ureteral jets between the supine and lateral decubitus positions was significant (p=0.004 for the right; p=0.011 for the left). However, the difference in the detection rate was significant on only the right side (p=0.016 for the right; p=0.063 for the left). 10 (77%) of 13 patients in whom unilateral absence of ureteral jets was noted had detectable jets in the lateral decubitus position. Our findings demonstrated the utility of the lateral decubitus position in the evaluation of ureters suspicious for obstruction. However, caution is still recommended in diagnosing ureteral obstruction if jets are persistently absent after this manoeuvre.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Prospective hemorheological study in the third pregnancy trimester].

The prospective hemorheological study was performed in the third trimester of pregnancy. Whole blood viscosity, haematocrit, plasma viscosity and haemoglobin were measured. They did not find significant changes of these parameters in healthy pregnancy. The rheological parameters in the macrosomic group (75%) were same than in the normal group at 37th weeks, but later were significantly higher. Higher blood viscosity has been found in those pregnant women, who delivered retarded fetuses. They suggest, that the progressively increasing blood viscosity in the third trimester of pregnancy causes the disturbances in the intervillous microcirculation, and produces intrauterine growth retardation.

Blood Viscosity↗
PubMed2006

Placental inflammation and viral infection are implicated in second trimester pregnancy loss.

OBJECTIVE: Second trimester pregnancy loss continues to be a poorly understood adverse obstetric outcome. A case control study was performed to determine if: (1) similar to early spontaneous preterm birth, second trimester loss is associated with histologic chorioamnionitis (HCA); and (2) if HCA is present, which organisms may mediate this placental inflammation. STUDY DESIGN: Cases were patients with a spontaneous second trimester loss. Controls were patients who presented for induction of labor for fetal or maternal indications. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed on placental tissues to detect the presence of viruses and pathogenic and atypical bacteria. Chi-square and Fisher exact test were used to determine if HCA and/or the presence of virus or bacteria were significantly associated with second trimester loss. The associations of interest were adjusted for possible confounders using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS: HCA was more prevalent in cases (67%) than controls (16%) (P < .001). Seventy-nine percent (66/84) of cases and 44% (7/16) of controls were positive for any virus (P = .01). The rate of bacterial infection was similar in both cases and controls (P = .35). In multivariable logistic regression models, HCA (odds ratio [OR] 14.58, 2.62-81.15) and the presence of any virus (OR 6.62, 1.56-28.07) were independently associated with second trimester loss. CONCLUSION: These studies demonstrate that spontaneous second trimester loss is strongly associated with HCA and viral infections.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed2004

[Combination of screening tests for fetal abnormalities in the first and second pregnancy trimesters].

OBJECTIVE: Screening for fetal abnormalities in the second trimester of pregnancy, based on the concentrations of various markers in serum and maternal age, has become widely used in the past decade. In the first trimester fetal malformations are associated with high values for fetal NT. DESIGN: We propose a new screening method in which measurements obtained during both trimesters are integrated to provide a single estimate of a woman's risk of having a pregnancy affected by genetic syndrome. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Study groups comprised 775 pregnant women where examinations were done between 11th-14th and 15th-19th pregnancy weeks. Nuchal translucency thickness was measured by ultrasound examination in both trimesters of pregnancy. AFP, -HCG and oestriol were measured by ELISA assays. Derived risks were then calculated. RESULTS: Eight fetal aneuploidies were diagnosed. When we used a risk of 1:250 as the cutoff to define a positive result on the integrated test, the rate of detection of fetal abnormalities was 100%, with a false positive rate of 0.6%. CONCLUSION: Integrated test, which is a combination of the ultrasound examination and the triple test allows to achieve high sensitivity and the decrease in the percentage of false positive results, which leads to the reduction in the number of amniocentesis to be performed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the lipid spectrum indices in the 2nd-3rd pregnancy trimesters].

The effect of picasol (a preparation of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) on the serum lipid spectrum was studied upon administration of the drug to 60 pregnant women with a high-risk of developing placental insufficiency during II-III trimesters of pregnancy in accordance with a program of randomized placebo controlled double blind trial. In the absence of differences in the level of lipid spectrum parameters prior to picasol administration we found in the III trimester a reliably low content of triglycerides and cholesterol of extremely low density lipoproteids in patients who received picasol.

Capsules↗
PubMed1991

[Transabdominal chorion aspiration in the second pregnancy trimester].

The authors report their experiences with 377 transabdominal chorionic villi samplings performed in the second trimester of pregnancy, between 1987-1989. They used the double needle technique with continuous ultrasound guidance. In every case they could get a sufficient amount of villi from one puncture, and there was no unsuccessful direct chromosome-preparation. The obstetrical complications of the procedure were measured by the analysis of the outcome of the first 300 pregnancies intended to continue: the abortion rate after the transabdominal chorionic villi sampling seems to be lower, than after amniocentesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Significance of transvaginal ultrasonic examination in the first pregnancy trimester].

The authors report their results obtained by performing transvaginal sonography in 180 patients in the first trimester of pregnancy. It has been found that both normal and pathological cases could be diagnosed 1 week earlier than had been possible with transabdominal method. Minimum size of the intrauterin gestational sac was found to be 3 mm. Cardiac activity could be evaluated in embrios with a size of 7 mm or greater in all cases. According to them the diagnosis of blighted ovum and missed abortion seems to be confirmed when an "empty sac" is larger than 20 mm, or the absence of heart motion is detected in an embrio greater than 10 mm, without repeated scan. High sensitivity was found in ectopic pregnancies especially in unruptured cases. The possibility of qualitative analysis of "free fluid" in Douglas pouch and diagnosis of congenital anomalies in very early pregnancy are promising. Transvaginal sonography is recommended in all cases when transabdominal technique is equivocal.

Female↗