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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Antiphospholipid syndrome in pregnancy--animal models and clinical implications.

The antiphospholipid (APS) syndrome frequently includes severe pregnancy complications such as fetal wastage and recurrent spontaneous abortions. Animal models for APS in pregnancy can provide both an understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of anti-phospholipid antibodies (aPL), and aid in the evaluation of various therapeutic modalities in APS. Animal models for APS include both spontaneously developed diseases, as is the case for secondary APS in mice with another autoimmune disease, and induced models of APS. The latter includes either passive induction of disease by antibodies infusion, or active induction via manipulation of the idiotypic network. This article summarizes the literature reports of animal models of APS in pregnancy, deal with the various possible mechanisms of action of aPL in pregnancy, and discuss the treatment options of women having pregnancy complications of APS.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1990

[Linear salpingotomy in the treatment of unruptured tubal pregnancy. Animal experiment study, comparison of 3 laser systems (CO2, Nd:YAG contact, argon)].

The efficacy of three different laser systems for linear salpingotomy was tested in an animal model. For that purpose, the uterus horns of 22 white New Zealand rabbits were incised with the CO2-Laser, the Nd: YAG contact laser and the argon laser using the "bare fiber" technique. The length of uterotomy was between twice and three times of the diameter of the uterine horn. Secondary healing of the incision site was investigated macroscopically (patency, fistulas, formation of adhesions) and microscopically (quantity and quality of the scars) six weeks after the operation. Despite the different primary tissue effect of the laser systems we did not find any significant difference in our postoperative controls.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Ectopic pregnancy in animals and humans.

Ectopic pregnancy denotes a pregnancy occurring elsewhere than in the cavity of the uterus. This pathology has been recognised for years and it causes numerous maternal deaths during the first trimester of pregnancy. While this condition is well-known in humans, it is rarely diagnosed in animals. However, the causes and mechanisms leading to an ectopic implantation of the ovum are not always clearly defined in humans or animals. Two types of ectopic pregnancy are mainly recognized: (1) tubal pregnancy occurs when an oocyte is fertilized and then remains in the oviduct and (2) abdominal pregnancy occurs when the gestation develops in the peritoneal cavity. The latter may be subdivided into two subtypes: the primary form, when a fertilized oocyte enters the peritoneal cavity and becomes attached to the mesentery or abdominal viscera, and the secondary form, which follows the rupture of an oviduct or the uterus after the fetus has been implanted, and the fetus is expelled into the peritoneal cavity. Cornual, ovarian and cervical ectopic locations are less frequent. Several differences exist in ectopic pregnancies between human beings and animal species. While abdominal pregnancy has been described in both human and animal species, tubal ectopic pregnancies would appear to be restricted to primates. Other than anecdotal cases, this pathological condition does not occur in laboratory, domestic or farm animals. Several factors are described as being the cause of these differences.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Bacteroides fragilis, Streptococcus intermedius and group B streptococci in ascending infection of pregnancy. An animal experimental study.

By means of bacteriological, histological and immunofluorescence methods, the ascending spread of endocervically inoculated bacteria was studied in 14 pregnant sheep. 8 ewes near term were exposed to group B streptococci, Bacteroides fragilis or Streptococcus intermedius for 2-4 days. 6 other animals in mid pregnancy were exposed to one of the bacteria mentioned for 30 days. Before inoculation, aerobic and anaerobic culture specimens from cervix and amniotic fluid were obtained. At delivery by caesarean section, in addition to culture specimens, membrane and placental tissues were collected. Bacterial detection by means of indirect immunofluorescence showed significant invasion of the membranes and the placentas by the microorganisms inoculated. In one case, inoculated with S. intermedius, the ascending infection could be shown to pass the intact membranes reaching the amniotic fluid. It is concluded that endocervical bacteria in the indigenous microflora might cause pregnancy complications by establishing ascending infection. Furthermore, as the bacteria tested have been implicated in premature rupture of the membranes, an aetiological role of ascending infection in this pregnancy complication is postulated.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Interrelation of fetal metabolism and late pregnancy in animals].

Parameters of were determined for acid-alkali state of blood, energy, nitrogen, protein and mineral metabolism in fetuses and animals at the last period of pregnancy. It was established that one can observe the state of compensated acidosis, intensification of glycolytic and inhibition ot aerobic processes in animals with late pregnancy; that is evidenced by changes in the content of glucose, the level and the value of correlation of the components of lactate-, malate- and glutamate dehydrogenase systems, activity of lactate dehydrogenase, alkali phosphatase, alanine- and aspartate aminotransferase as well as electrolyte composition of the organism tissues. Analogous changes in metabolism are observe in the fetus tissues in late antenatal period of development.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1989

Possible explanations for excess weight gains in pregnancy: an animal model.

An animal study was designed to address the reasons for excess pregnancy-associated weight gains. Forty-eight adult female rats were divided into two diet groups: a bland chow group and a chow plus glucose solution group. Half of each group was impregnated. Body weight, consumption of both foods, and water consumption were measured daily before, during, and after pregnancy. During pregnancy and after delivery, animals from each food-by-pregnancy group were killed, and adipose tissue analyses were performed. During pregnancy and during lactation, pregnant rats with two foods consumed more glucose solution and gained more adipose tissue with larger cells than did any other group. Taking both studies together, pregnancy is accompanied by sweet food consumption increases and can lead to adipose tissue gains in subjects not influenced by psychological variables.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1992

The effect of exercise on uteroplacental Doppler waveforms in normal and complicated pregnancies.

Animal studies have suggested a detrimental effect of exercise on uterine blood flow, but it is unclear whether the same responses occur in human pregnancy. Thirty-four women in the third trimester of singleton pregnancies underwent a bicycle exercise test during which a pulsed Doppler method was used to assess the response of the uteroplacental circulation. Twelve pregnancies were uncomplicated and the other 22 were complicated by hypertension, small for gestational age (SGA) fetus, or both. Exercise appeared to increase the pulsatility of the uteroplacental Doppler waveform in all cases. The changes in the waveforms were more exaggerated in the complicated pregnancies, particularly when the resting waveform had been abnormal. These changes indicate an increase in uteroplacental vascular resistance with exercise, suggesting a deleterious effect of physical exertion in the third trimester, particularly in the presence of hypertension or SGA fetus.

Adult↗