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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1976

Demonstration of analogues to the human pregnancy zone protein in animals.

The pregnancy zone protein (PZ) is known to occur in increased amounts during pregnancy and hormonal treatment. Analogues of this human serum alpha2-globulin were demonstrated in animals by double gel diffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. Direct cross-reactions were found for Rhesus monkey and beagle dog against anti-human pregnancy zone protein. After preparation of an "anti-dog PZ" serum it was possible to demonstrate analogues also in cow and sheep. Thus, the present investigation demonstrated animal analogues to the human pregnancy zone protein, which should be valuable for studies of the biological role of this protein.

Alpha-Globulins↗
PubMed1975

Some effects of prenatal zinc deficiency on behavior of the adult rat.

The effect of zinc deficiency during the latter third of gestation on avoidance conditioning of young adult male rats was compared with the effect of intrauterine starvation and normal pregnancy. Animals which had experienced zinc deficiency avoided shock less well than the offspring of pair-fed control dams. The offspring of pair-fed dams avoided shock less well than animals which were the product of normal pregnancy. Response latencies were inferior in the zinc-deficient group, whereas intertrial responses were less on both the previous zinc-deficient and intrauterine starved animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Effect of hormones on adenyl cyclase activity of rabbit mammary gland in vitro.

Ovarian hormones namely beta-estradiol and progesterone were observed to stimulate the activity of adenyl cyclase of the mammary gland from pregnant rabbit in vitro, unlike the lactating tissue where it was inhibited. On the other hand, non-ovarian hormones like hydrocortisone, prolactin and insulin did not have a similar effect on this enzyme.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1977

Kinetic analysis of the binding of immunoglobulins IgG1 and IgG2 to bovine mammary cells.

Previous reports were confirmed that specific binding sites exist on bovine mammary cells near parturition presumably involved in the transfer of immunoglobulins IgG1 and IgG2 across the mammary gland at the time of colostrum formation. Determination of the kinetic parameters of these binding sites using 125I-labeled IgG1 and IgG2 immunoglobulins indicated the presence of sites with association constants (Ka) of about 5 - 10(8)--10 - 10(8)M-1 for both subclasses during normal lactation with about 9000 and 3000 sites per cell for each, respectively. The number of IgG1 sites tended to increase as the time of parturition approached. In addition, a new group of sites numbering about 5000 per cell with very strong binding for IgG1 (Ka about 45 - 10(8)M-1) appeared on the cells about a week before parturition. The numbers and affinity of the IgG1 and IgG2 binding sites bear a relationship to the approximate 7 : 1 ratio of these immunglobulin subclasses found in colostrum and normal milk and to the time of maximum colostrum formation. The results support the premise that a highly selective transport mechanism exists in the bovine mammary epithelial cell for the transfer of IgG1 and IgG2 immunoglobulins from blood to the lacteal secretions.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Antibody response in sows following intramammary or intramuscular immunization with a killed Escherichia coli vaccine.

Pregnant sows were immunized either intramuscularly or intramammarily with a killed E. Coli vaccine. Samples of blood and mammary secretion were assayed for antibody to E. Coli cells and E. coli enterotoxin. The association of each class of immunoglobulin with antibody to the bacterial cells was also estimated. It was found that immunization by either method increased direct agglutination titres and antiglobulin enhancement titres in serum and mammary secretion. There were no major differences in these parameters between the two groups of sows. In serum and mammary secretion from both groups of sows IgG was quantitatively the most important class of immunoglobulin associated with antibody to E. coli cells. Immmunization had the effect of increasing the percentage of IgG and IgM associated with antibody in blood serum from about 5% to about 20%. In contrast, the percentage of IgA in serum with antibody activity against E. coli was around 20% prior to immunization and did not alter significantly after immunization. Samples of blood and mammary secretion from sows immunized intramammarily were more effective in neutralizing E. coli enterotoxin than corresponding samples from sows immunized intramuscularly; the biological significance of this finding is at present uncertain.

Agglutinins↗
PubMed1977

Lactogenesis in explant cultures of mammary tissue from pregnant cows.

The hormonal requirements for lactogenesis were investigated using explant cultures of mammary tissue obtained from cows at 30-40 days prepartum. Hormones used were insulin, hydrocortisone, and prolactin, and parameters examined were radioactive acetate incorporation into fatty acids, secretory response ratings, and histological and ultrastructural analysis. Data indicated that insulin was essential for mammary epithelial cell survival, but insulin alone did not result in the intiation of milk synthesis. The culture of explants in a medium containing insulin plus hydrocortisone resulted in alterations in the cytology of alveolar cells but no induction of milk synthesis. Biosynthesis results and secretory response ratings indicated that the initiation of milk synthesis occurred when explants were cultured in insulin and prolactin; however, synthesis was limited and alveolar integrity was not well maintained. Results from all parameters demonstrated that the maximal lactogenic response was obtained when the culture medium contained insulin, hydrocortisone and prolactin. After 48 h of culture in this medium, the rate of acetate incorporation into fatty acids had increased 3-fold and the markedly distended alveolar lumina contained many fat droplets and abundant eosinophilic staining secretion. However, an unusal amount of casein-like micelles and especially lipid also accumulated in the alveolar cells. The accumulation of milk components within the epithelial cells may be related indirectly to the accumulation of products in the lumina or perhaps related to a difference in the hormonal requirement between the initiation of milk synthesis and initiation of milk secretion.

Acetates↗
PubMed1976

Glucocorticoid binding in mammary tissue slices of cattle in various reproductive states.

Unlabeled cortisol and dexamethasone reduced tritiated cortisol and tritiated dexamethasone binding to 700 X g supernatant and precipitate fractions of mammary tissue slices from virgin heifers and from multiparous cows that were 1-mo prepartum (nonlactating), lactating (non-pregnant), or dry (nonpregnant, nonlactating). Unlabeled progesterone, testosterone, and 17beta-estradiol had no effect on tritiated glucocorticoid binding in 700 X g supernatant and precipitate fractions from these mammary tissue slices. The 700 X g fractions in mammary tissue slices from all cattle bound cortisol and dexamethasone with high affinity (Kd 10-10M). There were 1263 and 1955 molecules of cortisol and dexamethasone bound per mammary cell, respectively, in mammary tissue slices from lactating non-pregnant cows; in comparison virgin heifers bound 413 and 651 molecules of cortisol and dexamethasone; dry, non-pregnant cows bound 336 and 536 molecules of cortisol and dexamethasone; and 1-mo prepartum nonlactating cows bound 532 molecules of cortisol. Mammary tissue slices from cattle in reproductive states examined contained a major non-specific component which bound cortisol in both 700 X g tissue fractions. Since mammary tissue slices from lactating cattle bound more molecules of glucocorticoids than mammary slices from cattle in other reproductive states, we speculate specific glucorticoid binding may be associated with lactation.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[An electric dynamic katathermometer and the thermal environment in pig farrowing pens].

Temperature conditions were measured with an electric dynamic catathermometer (EDC) and thermometers in pig farrowing houses 13 and 90 cm above the floor of the central and side corridors, boxes for sows and in piglet pens, heated with electric infra-radiators (input 525 W). The heat flow density of the EDC sensor, characterizing the cooling properties of the environment, was higher near the floor, at the ends of stables, on the sides exposed to wind, and after turning on the fan. The thermal conditions in the farrowing houses were therefore highly variable. In the piglet pens the heat flow density was usually kept at a very low level, owing to the thermal radiation of the electric infra-radiators, with possible bad implications for production. However, these facts cannot be documented just by the current measurements of air temperature.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Vitamin D3 sulfoconjugate distribution and evolution in pregnant or lactating rats].

24 hrs after intravenous injection of vitamin D3 35S sulfoconjugate the radioactivity in kidney is about twice as much in pregnant Rats as in lactating Rats. It decreases from 24 to 48 hrs in pregnant but increases in lactating Rats kidneys. Hydrolysis of vitamin 3H D3 sulfate is detected in kidney and liver extracts, the ratio of free vitamin D3 on vitamin D3 sulfate is higher in pregnant than in lactating animals. Mammary glands of lactating Rats contain mainly the unchanged vitamin D3 sulfate which can be hydrolysed by new born suckling pups.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Aetiology and pathogenesis of abomasal displacement (author's transl)].

The incidence of abnormal displacement continues to show a gradual increase. The need for preventive measures has therefore become a pressing matter. Successful prevention of abomasal displacement is based on adequate knowledge of the aetiology and pathogenesis. The present state of affairs is reviewed on the basis of the literature, personal experience and studies. Obviously, a large number of factors may play a role in the pathogenesis of abomassal displacement. Although the knowledge of the aetiology of abomasal displacement is anything but complete, a number of (probably useful) preventive measures are suggested.

Abomasum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Preparative isolation of serum a albumin].

A simple method is suggested for the preparative isolation of native albumin in the thick (6 mm) block of the agar-agar gel on the veronal-medinal buffer solution (pH 8.6, ionic strength 0.1). The method is based on the analytical horizontal electrophoresis. 0.8-1 ml of 10% solution of proteins was introduced into each of two starting trenches. 5h after the beginning of distillation in the anode edge of the plate at a distance of 35 mm from the start two collector slits were cut out perpendiculary to the protein movement. Then they were filled with the NaCl physiological solution and protein portions were taken thrice each half an hour. The purity of albumins was checked immunologically. The method may be applied for obtaining other individual proteins.

Animals↗
PubMed2025

Molecular Detection and Characterization of Bovine Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) in Aborted Fetuses and Semen Samples from Paraguay.

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is the most prevalent pathogen in cattle and causes significant economic losses due to its severe clinical manifestations. It belongs to the family Flaviviridae and is distributed in species A, B, and H within the genus Pestivirus. The objective of this study was to detect and characterize BVDV using molecular techniques (RT-PCR) in semen and aborted fetuses samples that were sent to the CEDIVEP (Veterinary Diagnostic Center of Paraguay) laboratory. Seventy-three samples of semen from bulls were analyzed, and 54.7% of the samples were positive for Pestivirus A. The presence of Pestivirus A and H was detected in 2/8 spontaneously aborted fetuses. The genotypes of four individual samples of type A and four samples of type H organs were confirmed by partial sequencing of the 5-UTR region. The presence of BVDV was confirmed by molecular techniques for the first time in our country through its detection in different types of samples, as well as the presence of two genotypes. This suggests that the circulation of this virus can cause significant losses in cattle production in Paraguay.

Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral↗