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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Preventive operations of the gastrointestinal tract in precancerous conditions].

Precancerous conditions are characterized by an increased epidemiological cancer risk, precancerous lesions by a histopathological abnormality (epithelial dysplasia). Adenomas are typical examples of this in the GI tract and therefore must be removed by endoscopy or surgery. The extent of the procedure is dictated by size, growth pattern and histology. The Barrett oesophagus, chronic atrophic gastritis type B, colorectal adenomas and familial adenomatous polyposis are the most frequent serious conditions.

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli↗
PubMed1983

[Precancerous conditions].

Precancerous stages are precursors of a potential malignant growth which lead to cancer with a certain regularity. They can occur in all organs and all tissues. Consequently, they play an important part in the prevention and early detection of cancer in all medical specialties. For the pathogenesis of precancerous stages as morphologically well defined preneoplastic tissue changes ("precancerous lesion") or as disorders with risk of cancer lacking morphologic preneoplastic changes ("precancerous condition"), an individual disposition (genetic, racial and immunological factors) and an exposure against chemicophysical noxae are responsible. In view of the therapeutical procedure the cancer incidence rate, the latency period up to the appearance of malignant growth as well as the localization and the extension of the disorder have to be weighed against morbidity and mortality due to a presumptive treatment. Easily accessible precancerous stages, like some skin diseases and polyps of the gastrointestinal tract have to be cleaned up. If conservative or surgical treatment is not possible or not convenient, or if exposure against carcinogenic noxae cannot be avoided, the risk patients must undergo careful observation for the prevention of cancer.

Cell Transformation, Neoplastic↗
PubMed2003

[Oral precancerous conditions--an overview].

Precancerous conditions are defined as a generalized state associated with a significantly increased risk of cancer. For the oral and perioral region, sideropenic dysphagia, oral lichen planus (OLP), oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), syphilis, discoid lupus erythematosus, xeroderma pigmentosum as well as epidermolysis bullosa play a role as precancerous conditions. The number of published cases of oral or perioral malignant transformation for some of these diseases is small. In addition, carcinomas of the tongue and the oral cavity associated with syphilis are of historical interest, although publications in the 1990s still reported positive serology of syphilis and carcinomas of the tongue. OLP is still controversially discussed as to its premalignant nature. Transformation rates have been reported between 0% and 5.6%. Recent prospective studies have revealed that possibly oral lichenoid reactions (OLR) are more likely to form the basis of malignant transformation as compared to the classic OLP. The differentiation between OLP and OLR is difficult both from clinical and histopathological aspects. The second most important precancerous condition is oral submucous fibrosis, which is caused by betel quid chewing. OSF is most prevalent in South and Southeast Asia. The transformation rate is as high as 7.6% making OSF one of the most important precancerous conditions of the oral region.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1988

[Colorectal cancer. Precancerous conditions].

Colorectal precancerous stages are primarily benign lesions of the colon mucosa with a potential to malignant degeneration. They are macroscopically seen as polypoid lesions, but not only "adenomas" are to be seen as precancerous. Polypoid lesions which are not of neoplastic origin are not capable of malignant degeneration. Precancerous dysplasias are also found in the flat atrophic mucosa of chronically inflamed colon mucosa , which complicates the macroscopical judgement in the endoscopy. Problems also arise for the pathologist in the separation between inflammatory regenerative epithelatypia and high-grade dysplasia.

Colonic Neoplasms↗
PubMed1995

[Modern approach to classification of precancerous conditions and vulvar dystrophy].

Precancerous conditions of vulva are diseases which can exceed into carcinomas and are called preblastomatoses. These are all sorts of various diseases: intraepithelial vulvar neoplasias, Paget's disease, precancerous circumscript melanosis, malignant melanoma of the first Clark level, verrucous type of leukoplakia, vulvar dystrophy with atypia, giant Buschke-Lowenstein's condyloma and chronic skin damages. Vulvar dystrophy belongs to medical terminology since 1966 and includes a group of diseases known as leukoplakia and kraurosis, primary vulvar atrophy and hyperplastic vulvitis. According to classification from 1987 vulvar dystrophies are divided into: squamocellular hyperplasia, lichen sclerosus and other dermatoses. The term vulvar leukoplakia is not a special disease, but is used for a whole group of different lesions of white color due to leukoderma, vitiligo, chronic infections, benign tumors, dystrophies and even invasive carcinomas.

Female↗
PubMed2000

Precancerous conditions for pancreatic cancer.

Precancerous conditions for ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas in hamsters and human beings are discussed. In hamsters, ductal adenocarcinomas induced by nitrosamines are of nonmucin-hypersecreting tubular or papillary tumor types, and genetic alterations resembling these types are found in their human counterparts. Ductal lesions develop step-by-step from hyperplasias to carcinomas, and atypical ductal cell hyperplasias may be precancerous. In humans, ductal lesions, hyperplasias, or dysplasias, with or without mucin hypersecretion, are possible preneoplastic conditions. Genetic or phenotypic markers to determine their likelihood of progressing to pancreatic duct adenocarcinomas are a high priority for future research.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

[Oral cancer. Precancerous conditions].

In the precancerous lesions leukoplakia is the most frequent. This is only a clinical diagnose and a biopsy is necessary to see if there is a malignant transformation. A mycosis in a leukoplakia may be an important indicator for a local or system impairment of the immune system.

Biopsy↗
PubMed2000

Precancerous conditions of pancreatic carcinoma.

The precancerous conditions associated with pancreatic ductal carcinoma include preneoplastic duct changes and benign-looking tumors that give rise to ductal carcinomas. Among the duct changes that are discussed as precancerous lesions are hyperplastic and metaplastic lesions, which were recently classified as pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia types 1A, 1B, 2, and 3. This new system is compared with the older terminology. Recent molecular findings concerning the most frequent genetic alterations in manifest carcinomas support the new classification system. The relative frequency of duct lesions in the nonneoplastic pancreas and their association with chronic pancreatitis and ductal carcinoma are discussed. Finally, the pancreatic exocrine tumors that may give rise to ductal carcinomas are presented.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1980

Precancerous conditions and epithelial dysplasia in the stomach.

A distinction can be made between a precancerous condition and a precancerous lesion. The former is a clinical state associated with a significantly increased risk of cancer, whereas a precancerous lesion is a histopathological abnormality in which cancer is more likely to occur than in its apparently normal counterpart. Up to the present time atrophic gastritis, gastric ulcer, pernicious anaemia, gastric stumps, gastric polyps, and Ménétrier's disease have all been considered as precancerous conditions and lesions of the stomach. Of these, only atrophic gastritis, pernicious anaemia, gastric stumps, and certain types of gastric polyp can now be regarded as having any really significant malignant potential. The precancerous lesion common to these is epithelial dysplasia which can occur in ordinary (foveolar) gastric epithelium as well as in intestinal metaplasia. The criteria for grading dysplasia in gastric epithelium into mild, moderate, and severe grades are given, and attention is drawn to the problems of differentiating inflammatory or regenerative change from mild dysplasia and intramucosal carcinoma from severe dysplasia. The clinical and epidemiological implications of gastric dysplasia are discussed with suggestions for further research.

Anemia, Pernicious↗
PubMed2006

Expression of trefoil factors 1 and 2 in precancerous condition and gastric cancer.

AIM: To study the expression of trefoil factor 1 (TFF1) and TFF2 in precancerous condition and gastric cancer and to explore the relationship between TFFs and tumorigenesis, precancerous condition and gastric cancer. METHODS: The expression of TFF1 and TFF2 was immunohistochemically analyzed in paraffin-embedded samples from 140 patients including 35 cases of chronic superficial gastritis (CSG), 35 cases of gastric ulcer (GU), 35 cases of chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) and 35 cases of gastric cancer (GC). RESULTS: TFF1 and TFF2 were located in cytoplasm of gastric mucous cells. In CSG, GU, CAG and GC, the level of TFF1 expression had a decreased tendency (P < 0.05). The expression of TFF2 was higher in GU than in CSG, but the difference was not significant. The expression of TFF2 also had a decreased tendency in GU, CAG, and GC (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The reduced expression of TFF1 and TFF2 in precancerous conditions and gastric cancer may be associated with the proliferation and malignant transformation of gastric mucosa. More investigations are needed to explore the mechanism of TFFs and the relationship between TFFs and gastric cancer.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1983

Hyperplasia of small hepatic cells in the precancerous condition of cirrhotic livers.

Karyometrical analysis was performed in order to characterize histologically the precancerous condition of cirrhotic livers. The following parameters of hepatocytic nuclei were estimated in 29 normal and 35 cirrhotic livers: Nvo, the number of nuclei in a unit volume of hepatic tissue; D, the mean of nuclear diameters; s. the standard deviation of nuclear diameters (the degree of anisokaryosis); and N/C, the nucleocytoplasmic volume ratio. Results indicate: (1) In normal livers, Nvo is inversely correlated with age (r = 0.53, p less than 0.01), D and s are positively correlated with age (r = 0.68, p less than 0.01, and r = 0.75, p less than 0.01, respectively) and N/C is almost constant regardless of age. (2) Each of the parameters is independent of age in cirrhotic livers. (3) Nvo and N/C are larger, and D and s are smaller in cirrhotic livers with hepatocellular carcinoma than in those without carcinoma (p less than 0.05). From these results, it is concluded that the parenchyma of cirrhotic livers with hepatocellular carcinoma, which is in strongly precancerous conditions, can be characterized by hyperplasia of small hepatic cells rather than by liver cell dysplasia which is defined by marked anisokaryosis and nuclear pleomorphism.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed2002

Referral patterns for gynaecologic cancers and precancerous conditions.

OBJECTIVES: (1) To determine a gynaecologist's preference for delivering primary surgical care to women with gynaecologic cancer or precancerous conditions; (2) to determine referral patterns for gynaecologic cancers and precancerous conditions; (3) to outline barriers to the current gynaecologic oncology service provision in Ontario; (4) to understand, from a gynaecologist's perspective, the acceptable waiting times from referral to subspecialty consultation; and (5) to determine a gynaecologist's interest in following patients after more specialized management for gynaecologic cancer. METHODS: The survey instrument was designed and pretested. The survey was mailed to 541 gynaecologists in Ontario. RESULTS: The response rate was 49.4%. Of the gynaecologists who responded, 75.3% trained in Ontario; 57.3% had community-based practices; and 55% indicated they surgically treated women with invasive cancers. The invasive cases treated most commonly were endometrial cancer (96.4%), followed by ovarian cancer (86.1%). Ninety-one percent of gynaecologists referred their patients to the closest cancer centre with a gynaecologic oncologist on staff. Seventy-five percent of gynaecologists were interested in delivering follow-up care for women who had treatment for cancer, provided that follow-up guidelines were made available. CONCLUSION: Gynaecologists were interested in providing follow-up care to women who received cancer care by subspecialists. Gynaecologists requested continuing education on gynaecologic cancers and guidelines for follow-up care. Issues surrounding the process of referral and communication with gynaecologists were seen as areas for improvement. The results of this survey will be pivotal in setting goals for a provincial gynaecologic oncology program.

Aftercare↗
PubMed1986

[Precancerous stages of the oral mucosa--possible identification of obligatory precancerous conditions].

Macroscopically and microscopically precancerous lesions of the oral mucosa cannot be diagnosed with sufficient accuracy. Dysplasias represent a particular diagnostic difficulty. The reproducibility of grading of dysplasias may be increased by the quantification of morphological parameters using image analysis systems. However an unequivocal identification of obligatory precancerous lesions cannot be attained by this method. Measurement of the nuclear DNA content represents a non-morphological method for the identification of obligatory precancerous lesions. The diagnostic criterion of malignancy is aneuploidy. Structural or numerical chromosomal aberrations that are absent in benign tumours and normal cells typify aneuploidy. Aneuploidy is manifested by an atypical nuclear DNA distribution that can be identified objectively by suitable algorithms. Dysplasias of the squamous epithelium with aneuploid nuclear DNA contents are regarded as obligatory precancerous lesions. DNA measurements, computation of data and printout of a 'DNA diagnosis' are possible with a TV-image analysis system and an automated microscope within 30 min.

Carcinoma in Situ↗
PubMed1985

[Where and when does surgery achieve cancer prevention? Precancerous conditions of the stomach].

The early diagnosis of stomach diseases, that are high risk factors for cancer is of paramount importance, because the early cancer can be healed nowadays. Distinguish between precancerous lesions (adenoma, borderline-lesion, dysplasia III) and precancerous conditions (chronical atrophic gastritis, pernicious anemia, Ménétrier syndrome, hyperplasiogene polyps, the operated stomach, rarely ulcus ventriculi). Whereas precancerous lesions must be removed by diathermy-biopsy or operation, precancerous conditions need thorough endoscopic control. In operations for ulcerous disease the operation tactics must be chosen with the aim to avoid a carcinoma after gastric resection.

Biopsy↗
PubMed2005

Why is the hyperplastic polyp a marker for the precancerous condition of the gastric mucosa?

It is well known from the older literature that gastric carcinomas are more likely to develop in a stomach containing hyperplastic polyps. The reason why such a stomach should represent a precancerous condition is, however, largely unexplained. The aim of this study was to determine the disorders of the gastric mucosa in which hyperplastic polyps occur. In 244 patients with hyperplastic polyp, in whom at least two additional biopsies each from the antrum and corpus were available, gastritis was classified on the basis of the updated Sydney System. In none of the 244 patients was the gastric mucosa found to be normal. The most common disorder, at 51.3%, was autoimmune gastritis of the corpus mucosa, while chronic active Helicobacter pylori (Hp) gastritis was seen in 37.3% of the patients. Of the patients with Hp gastritis, 56.1% had corpus-dominant Hp gastritis. Other forms were relatively rare: when A-gastritis, corpus-dominant Hp gastritis and any other form of Hp gastritis were lumped together as a precancerous condition, these changes were found in 88.6% of the patients with hyperplastic polyps of the stomach. In the presence of hyperplastic polyps of the gastric mucosa, additional biopsies obtained from the antrum and corpus should always be performed to obtain a basis for deciding whether to apply Hp eradication treatment as potential carcinoma prophylaxis.

Adult↗