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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Efficacy of intravaginal misoprostol in second-trimester pregnancy termination: a randomized controlled trial.

A prospective randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial to compare the clinical efficacy and side effects of intravaginal misoprostol with the traditional prostaglandin, gemeprost, in second-trimester pregnancy interruption was conducted. A sample size of 100 women was calculated to demonstrate that misoprostol was as effective as gemeprost in achieving delivery within 24 hours (alpha = 0.1, 80% power). Women were recruited with fetal death in utero, severe fetal anomaly, or psychosocial pregnancy termination between 14 and 28 weeks gestation and randomized to receive either 1 mg gemeprost 3 hourly for 5 doses, or 200 mcg misoprostol 6 hourly for 4 doses, intravaginally. The therapeutic regimens were repeated if undelivered by 24 hours. Those undelivered after 48 hours received an extra-amniotic PGF2 alpha infusion. The median gestation at recruitment was identical: gemeprost 19 weeks (IQ 17-22 weeks) vs. misoprostol 19 weeks (IQ 17-21 weeks), P = 0.887. Delivery within 24 hours occurred in 75.1% of women receiving gemeprost and 74.9% receiving misoprostol (P = 1.0). The median time from prostaglandin commencement to delivery was similar: gemeprost 13.7 hours (IQ 9.0-23.5 hours) vs. misoprostol 16.9 hours (IQ 10.3-23.5 hours), P = 0.769. A significant reduction in the incidence of vomiting in women randomized to misoprostol occurred (34% vs. 13.2%, P = 0.017). There was no significant difference in the incidence of maternal fever > 37.5 degrees C, nausea, diarrhea, or placental retention. A 200-fold pharmaceutical cost advantage was observed with the use of misoprostol compared with gemeprost. Intravaginal misoprostol performs as effectively as gemeprost in achieving delivery in the second trimester without increase in adverse effects and displaying a significant cost advantage.

Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal↗
PubMed1995

Swedish or American heterosexual college youth: who is more permissive?

Theories of human sexuality have proposed that two factors reduce the double standard of sexuality and lead to a convergence of male and female sexual behavior: the degree of social benefits and amount of power women have in basic societal institutions and the extent to which a society accepts permissive sexual norms. As these factors increase, the strength of the double standard will decrease and the convergence between male and female behaviors will increase. Compared to the United States, Sweden has instituted more policies to promote gender equality and has been thought to accept more permissive premarital sexual attitudes. The focus of the research reported here is to examine country and gender differences in sexual attitudes and sexual behavior for a sample of university students in the United States (N = 407) and Sweden (N = 570). Results indicate that Swedish students endorsed more similar sexual standards for women and men and reported more accepting attitudes than did American students. For sexual behavior, American men reported the most sexual experience, Swedish men the least, with the women of both countries generally in the middle category. Notwithstanding this more permissive behavior on the part of American men, gender convergence with respect to sexual behavior is stronger in Sweden on several of the dimensions examined: age of first engaging in partner-related sexual activities for those who were sexually experienced, relationship with first partner, number of partners both in the last year and in their lifetime, and affective reactions to first coitus. Gender convergence, however, is weaker in Sweden than in the United States with respect to the incidence and frequency of various sexual activities and the degree of satisfaction with current sex life. Findings are discussed with respect to the questions they raise about the current theories that framed this research and the differential amount of sex education provided in the two countries.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Need for power and women's careers over 14 years: structural power, job satisfaction, and motive change.

Previous findings by D. G. Winter (1988) relating the need for Power to choice and attainment of power-relevant careers (teaching, including college; psychotherapy; journalism; and business management) were successfully replicated among 118 female collage seniors, 69 of whom returned mailed questionnaires 14 years later. High n Power women reported both more power-relevant job satisfaction and dissatisfaction; n Power predicted career progression only for women in power-relevant careers. Those women holding relational power jobs and those in structural power roles who reported higher overall job satisfaction increased in n Power over 14 years. Power-motivated women in different structural power roles reported contrasting satisfactions and career progression.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Power and gender: violence and affection experienced by children in Barbados, West Indies.

Discourses on violence conceptualize the phenomenon as a property of (1) individuals, (2) social circumstances, and (3) social relationships. Rigorous comparative tests fail to support the first and second hypotheses. Survey data collected in 1990 from a national random sample of 407 men and women aged twenty to forty-five from the West Indian island of Barbados indicate that one of four experienced physical and emotional violence as children. Boys and girls were equally likely to be abused by both mothers (or other female caregivers) and fathers (or other male caregivers); stepparents were no more likely to treat children violently than were biological parents. However, the presence of a stepfather increased the likelihood that women battered their daughters and decreased the likelihood that women battered their sons. In general, powerful women protected their children from violence, treated them affectionately, and elicited affection for them from their men. The probability that a son experienced an affectionate relationship with a biological father rose with the length of time the two lived together, but only for sons with powerful mothers. By contrast, men battered powerless women and the children of powerless women. Powerless women battered their own children.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Traditional Mende Society in Sierra Leone: a sociocultural basis for a quantitative research study.

Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs) deliver more than 85% of the infants born in rural Sierra Leone. These midwives, who learn their skills from practice or a predecessor, are powerful women in the pervasive, secret Sande Society. Formal training programs have been established to strengthen the maternal and infant practices of these TBAs. Designing and implementing a quantitative research study to examine the effectiveness of two methods of TBA training required a strong sociocultural basis. The study was undertaken in a predominantly Mende ethnic area of Sierra Leone. I describe the significant ways in which the values and traditions of the Mende influenced the choice of research methods. Finally, I present critical questions researchers should ask to design a study that fits with the sociocultural fabric of their target population.

Culture↗
PubMed1979

Age and aerobic power in women: a longitudinal study.

Thirty-six women from an original cross-sectional population of 81 were retested after an average time span of 6.1 years to determine the longitudinal effects of aging on aerobic power. Women in their 20s maintained a constant level of VO2max. All other age groups showed a decrease in aerobic power (l . min-1 and ml . kg-1 . min-1) similar to that observed in the cross-sectional study. Although the decline in VO2max was similar for both groups, active women increased walk time on the treadmill, while sedentary women decreased in endurance time. Maximal heart rate also decreased with age but the rate of decrease was not constant across time. HRmax remained relatively steady during the middle years and then declined at a faster rate in the 50- and 60-year-old age groups. The results of the present study suggest that cross-sectional studies can provide valid information about the effect of age on response to maximal exercise provided that close attention is paid to the limitations underlying regression therapy. The data also indicate a need to consider alternatives to linear regression analysis of aging effects, since the rate of change of some variables is not constant across age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Sex differences in the phenomenology of schizophrenic disorder.

The content and structure of delusions were compared in 30 women and 30 age-matched men with Schizophrenic Disorder. Men showed an excess of homosexual persecutory delusions and of grandiose delusions involving social status and personal power. Women showed an excess of delusions of fertility and of jealousy, and were more often than men objects rather than subjects in their grandiose delusions. There was an excess of women who reported co-objects of persecution, and who personally knew their persecutors, nearly always men. These differences mirrored aspects of the social environment, especially with regard to sex-role stereotyping.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Maternal health, war, and religious tradition: authoritative knowledge in Pujehun District, Sierra Leone.

In Sierra Leone constraints to ideal maternal health require a primary health care approach that includes collaboration with traditional midwives. They are authoritative figures embedded within local political structures and a powerful women's religion. The local causes of maternal risk are described, including civil war and refugee camp life. Traditional midwives provide vital services in the camp, are respected for their social status, and learn additional skills. Biomedical and traditional systems of authoritative knowledge, based on different kinds of legitimacy to heal, are in a complementary relationship.

Adolescent↗