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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Incidence and characteristics of falls leading to hospital treatment: a one-year population surveillance study of the Danish population aged 45 years and over.

AIMS: The aim was to quantify and characterize the incidence of fall injury events among middle-aged and older adults who require acute medical attention at Danish hospitals. METHODS: A one-year population surveillance study was carried out, based on the Danish National Hospital Register (DNHR), which covers all somatic hospital discharges and accident and emergency (A&E) services at hospitals in Denmark. RESULTS: During 1996 a total of 81,121 fall injury events were treated at A&E departments or resulted in admission to a somatic hospital department among Danes aged 45 years and over. Up to age 50 years the incidence rates of injurious fall events requiring medical attention were similar in men and women. At age 50 years, the incidence rates in women exceeded the rates in men and remained 1.2-1.8 times higher thereafter. After age 70 years, the rates increased exponentially in both sexes: from 27.4 and 49.3 per 1,000 person-years in men and women, respectively, to peaks of 112.8 and 170.8 per 1,000 person-years, respectively, at age 85 years and over. The proportion of falls occurring indoors and in institutional settings increased with advancing age. Compared with men, women had higher rates of fall-related contusions, distortions and fractures at all ages. CONCLUSIONS: Fall-prevention programmes should be directed towards the population aged 70 years and over, in particular towards women and hazards in residential environments. Our finding of an increasing incidence of injurious fall events among women around the time of the menopause raises the hypothesis that loss of oestrogen production plays a role in the aetiology of falls in women.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed1998

European network for the case-population surveillance of rare diseases (Euronet). A prospective feasibility study.

OBJECTIVE: Euronet, a case-population surveillance scheme, aims to estimate the risk of certain rare conditions which are commonly iatrogenic, by comparing drug use amongst non-selective cases with overall drug use in the general population. METHODS: The method is based on three provisos: (1) all incident cases (irrespective of suspected aetiology) should be ascertained and studied; (2) a full drug history should be obtained from cases by direct interview; and (3) drug-use data for the products of interest should be available for this population from which cases are chosen. The feasibility of this problem-oriented approach for the identification of new signals of adverse drug reactions and for risk estimation will be tested in relation to agranulocytosis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in four defined areas in Europe, totalling 19 x 10(6) inhabitants, with these latest two outcomes being studied in only three regions. The design, methods and main limitations of this case-population surveillance approach are described.

Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems↗
PubMed2003

Doppler ultrasound for detection of renal transplant artery stenosis-threshold peak systolic velocity needs to be higher in a low-risk or surveillance population.

AIMS: To establish the ideal threshold arterial velocity for the diagnosis of renal transplant artery stenosis in a surveillance population with a low pre-test probability of stenosis. METHODS: Retrospective review of Doppler ultrasound, angiographic and clinical outcome data of patients transplanted over a 3-year period. Data used to calculate sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV) for various threshold peak systolic velocity values. RESULTS: Of 144 patients transplanted, full data were available in 117 cases. Five cases had renal transplant artery stenosis-incidence 4.2% [stenosis identified at a mean of 6.5 months (range 2-10 months)]. All five cases had a significant arterial pressure gradient across the narrowing and underwent angioplasty. Threshold peak systolic velocity of > or =2.5 m/s is not ideal [specificity=79% (CI 65-82%), PPV=18% (CI 6-32%), NPV=100% (CI 94-100%)], subjecting many patients to unnecessary angiography-8/117 (6%) in our population. Comparable values if the threshold is set at > or =3.0 m/s are 93% (CI 77-96%), 33% (CI 7-44%) and 99% (CI 93-100%), respectively. The clinical outcome of all patients was satisfactory, with no unexplained graft failures or loss. CONCLUSIONS: In a surveillance population with a low pre-test probability of stenosis, absolute renal artery velocity > or =2.5 m/s is a limited surrogate marker for significant renal artery stenosis. The false-positive rate is high, and > or =3.0 m/s is a better choice which will halve the number of patients enduring unnecessary angiography. Close clinical follow-up of patients in the 2.5-3.0 m/s range, with repeat Doppler ultrasound if necessary, will identify the test false-negatives.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Population surveillance of congenital malformations. Possibilities and limitations.

The paper discusses the possibility of detecting newly introduced teratogenic agents by a population surveillance of congenital malformations. In practice, only outbreaks of previously rare malformations or combinations of malformations can be detected by such systems. The most important aspect of malformation surveillance is therefore a detailed reporting of malformations whereas statistical techniques play a minor role. For ongoing surveillance, a high ascertainment level is less important than speed and amount of detail. For studies of long-time changes in malformation rates, ascertainment must be as complete as possible. Such changes have been identified repeatedly, but are usually explained by changes in diagnosis, ascertainment or population characteristics.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1998

Restriction fragment length polymorphism screening of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates: population surveillance for targeting disease transmission in a community.

SETTING: Alabama State Tuberculosis Control Program, USA. OBJECTIVE: To combine molecular screening data with routine information to assess transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and improve control efforts. DESIGN: Since January 1994, samples from tuberculosis cases statewide have been systematically analyzed by IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). All cases during 1994-1995 with a predominate RFLP pattern were evaluated and risk factors assessed. pTBN12 was used to evaluate a large cluster in the Birmingham-Jefferson County (BJC) area. RESULTS: Statewide, a common two-band pattern was found, named JH2 (99/566, 17.5%). The most important risk associated with this pattern was homelessness (odds ratio, 8.9; P < 0.001). In the BJC area, the homeless accounted for 29% (51/175) of new cases diagnosed during the study period. For the BJC homeless, there were 13 unique RFLP patterns, and JH2 was predominant (29/33, 88%) among three clusters. Secondary analysis of the homeless JH2 cluster revealed a large group that included 19 of 24 (79%) isolates analyzed. Compared with the BJC non homeless (n = 124), the homeless were younger (P < 0.001), of male gender (P < 0.001), black race (P = 0.002), and were heavy alcohol (P < 0.001) and non-injection drug (P = 0.001) users. CONCLUSIONS: By screening tuberculosis cases statewide, a common two-band RFLP pattern was identified. Its predominance is explained by an ongoing tuberculosis epidemic among Birmingham's homeless population, highlighting RFLP as a tool for population surveillance. The pattern differences observed by pTBN12 typing clearly demonstrate that the isolates might be related but are not clonal.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Population surveillance of coronary heart disease].

OBJECTIVE: A cross-sectional population survey was carried out in the Ariana region in 2000-01. The aim of this study is to report the prevalence of CHD as indicated by ECG Minnesota coding. METHOD: A randomly selected sample included 1837 adults 40-70 years. Data on socio-economic status, demographic, medical history, health behaviour, clinical and biological investigations were recorded. Risk factors (hypertension, dyslipedemia, obesity, diabetes) are defined according to WHO criterias. Standard supine 12 lead ECGs were recorded. All ECGs are red and classified according to the Minnesota codes criteria on CHD probable, CHD possible and on Major abnormalities and minor abnormalities. RESULTS: CHD prevalence was higher on women. Major abnormalities are more common on women (20.6% vs 13%), while minor abnormalities prevalence was higher on men (15.5% vs 7.5%) (p<0.0001). The prevalence increased with age in both genders. CONCLUSION: This study tested how feasible is the population approach on CVDs surveillance. It highlighted the burden of cardiovascular diseases and support that women are at risk as men are. The value of ECG findings must be integrated in the cardiovascular diseases surveillance to identify high risk population.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Population surveillance of multimalformed infants--experience with the Swedish Registry of Congenital Malformations. First Part.

The paper discusses the principles of an analysis of infants with multiple malformations, recorded in a birth defect registry. It is illustrated with 973 multimalformed infants recorded in the Swedish Registry of Congenital Malformations, 1965-1984. The detection and delineation of patterns of associated malformations is described and exemplified with the VATER association pattern. There is no time trend for the rate of infants with this association; they represent about 4% of all registered multimalformed infants; and their prevalence at birth is 2.7 per 100,000 births. The rate of infants probably representing unidentified trisomy 13 shows a decrease after 1977 indicating an increased access to cytogenetic services. A similar decrease is seen in infants probably representing unidentified Meckel's syndrome. Using 28 multimalformed infants registered in 1985, the technique for surveillance of multimalformed infants in a population is discussed.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1977

[Population surveillance and its importance in the study of the effectiveness of primary and secondary prevention of ischemic heart disease among the population].

The results of epidermiologic surveys conducted in the USSR and in other countries are briefly analysed. It is noted that study of the effectiveness of the elaborated measures for primary and secondary prevention of ischemic heart disease is the principal object of long-term surveys among the population. The author believes the term population surveys to be most justified. The general principles of the organization of population surveys are described. Approaches to the evaluation of the effectiveness of intervention among the population are briefly characterized.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Population surveillance for physical violence among adult men and women, Montana 1998.

BACKGROUND: Few epidemiologic studies of physical violence or intimate partner violence provide population-based surveillance data. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence and describe the characteristics associated with physical violence among adult men and women in the past year. METHODS: A random sample of Montana households was contacted via the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System telephone survey in 1998 (N=1804). RESULTS: Five percent of men (39/787) and 3% of women (33/1017) reported experiencing physical violence in the past year. Among respondents reporting physical violence in the past year, women were more likely than men to report that the perpetrator was a current/former partner (58% vs 10%, p</=0.05). Women were also more likely to report that the most recent incident occurred in their homes (58%) as compared to men (13%, p>/=0.05). Men who reported experiencing physical violence in the past year were more likely to be younger and not to be living with a current partner. Women who reported experiencing physical violence in the past year were more likely to be younger, not currently living with a partner, have no health insurance, and have more days with mental health problems in the past month. CONCLUSIONS: Recent physical violence is common for both men and women; however, the perpetrators, locations, and demographic characteristics differ. Further study is needed to better understand the factors associated with physical violence among men and women in the context of designing and implementing appropriate interventions to reduce violence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Quality control of data produced in biological population surveillance studies on the risk of environmental lead poisoning].

The biological surveys of the general population against the risk of lead intoxication carried out in Italy--in accomplishment both of the EEC directive EEC 77/312 and the Presidential Decree 496/1982--have been always conceived as multicentric activities. Therefore, starting from the first campaign carried out in 1979, strict quality control procedures have been adopted. In brief, each participant laboratory used internal quality control samples and took part in external quality assessment exercises. In addition, ten percent of the blood samples collected during the campaign were analyzed as blind duplicate by both participating laboratories and a reference laboratory. In this paper the quality control procedures adopted will be presented and discussed in detail together with the quality of results obtained in each campaign.

Environmental Exposure↗
PubMed1991

Use of computerised general practice data for population surveillance: comparative study of influenza data.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the potential for using routine computerised general practice data for surveillance of illness. DESIGN: Comparison of the incidence of influenza during the 1989 epidemic derived from a computerised database with that derived from the Royal College of General Practitioners's weekly returns service--a well established predominantly manual surveillance system. SETTING: 433 general practices throughout the United Kingdom that used a commercial computer system linked to a central databank. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Incidence of influenza. RESULTS: The slope of the influenza epidemic curve was essentially the same whether derived from the routine computerised data or royal college's weekly returns service data, and the computerised data were geographically consistent. Throughout the study period, however, the computer derived incidence was between one third and one quarter of that derived from the royal college's system (which is served by practitioners trained in surveillance methods). The peak weekly rates were 164 cases per 100,000 for the computerised system and 583 cases per 100,000 for the royal college's surveillance system. CONCLUSIONS: The apparent underreporting in the routine computerised data probably reflects lack of motivation and experience in disease surveillance and haphazard computer entry (particularly of consultations that took place outside of the surgery and consultations that did not result in a prescription), along with overestimation of the population under surveillance. Nevertheless, routine computerised surveillance allows rapid data collection from a large number of practices over a wide geographical area and would greatly augment existing methods.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed2005

[Tracking of cardiovascular risk factors among school children: a four-year population surveillance in Susa, Tunisia].

In order to confirm the phenomenon of tracking of cardiovascular risk factors among school children, we undertook in 2003, a prospective survey of a population of 789 pupils aged 13 to 15 years who had participated in a first investigation on cardiovascular risk factors in 1999. We were able to follow and study 453 pupils (57.4% of the initial population). Prevalences of hypertension and obesity were respectively 11.3% and 6.1% without significant difference between sexes. On the other hand, hypercholesterolemia was significantly more elevated among girls than boys (16.1% versus 9.3%, p = 0.039). Children classified initially as hypertensive, obese or having a hypercholesterolemia were identified 4 years later at a subsequent exam as hypertensive, obese or having a hypercholesterolemia in respectively 25%, 48.9% and 59%. The stability of cardiovascular risk factors among children imposes an early screening for a better management and a policy of cardiovascular health promotion since childhood based essentially on prevention of risk factors in order to reduce the cardiovascular disease burden in adulthood.

Adolescent↗