Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Polyvinyl Chloride”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1975

Pathology of angiosarcoma of the liver among vinyl chloride-polyvinyl chloride workers.

We described the histologic features of 13 hepatic angiosarcomas which developed in workers engaged in the polymerization of vinyl chloride to polyvinyl chloride. Although the histologic features varied considerably in different portions of the angiosarcoma in the same liver and in the angiosarcomas of the liver from different patients, many features were similar such as sinusoidal, papillary, and cavernous growth patterns coincident with the precursor lesions of proliferation and atypia of sinusoidal lining cells.

Hemangiosarcoma↗
PubMed1975

Mortality experience of a cohort of vinyl chloride-polyvinyl chloride workers.

These data are derived from early follow-up of individuals exposed for 5 or more years to vinyl chloride in a polymerization facility. At least 17 percent of the deaths that occurred were causally related to exposure to vinyl chloride. Longer periods of observation are required to provide information concerning the full spectrum of vinyl chloride-induced malignancies and their incidence among exposed workers. These data speak for the need to prevent exposure to vinyl chloride and for surveillance and early disease detection of those who have experienced vinyl chloride exposures in the past.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Changes in pulmonary function in workers exposed to vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride.

To determine whether occupational exposure to vinyl chloride gas and polyvinyl chloride dust is associated with changes in pulmonary function, spirometry and maximum expiratory flow-volume curves were obtained in 348 workers in a VC polymerization plant. The major finding was diminution in air flow in 200 workers (57.5 percent). This abnormality correlated with age and duration of exposure. A relationship with smoking was noted only in younger workers with exposures of less than 10 years. When age exceeded 40 years or exposure 20 years, prevalence of this impairment was similar in smokers and nonsmokers, suggesting that occupational or other environmental factors were operative.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Why must we manufacture vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride?].

The manufacture of PVC is necessary for supplying the demands of modern society, for maintaining the equilibrium in the chemical industry such as the manufacture of caustic soda solution-chlorine by means of rocksalt electrolysis, and for the safe disposal of chlorine for environmental reasons. The manufacture of vinyl chloride and dichloroethane is illustrated. The conventional processing of PVC into consumer goods, after treatment of rigid and plasticized PVC compounds or granulate, is demonstrated.

Chemical Industry↗
PubMed1978

Headspace sampling and gas-solid chromatographic determination and confirmation of greater than or equal to 1 ppb vinyl chloride residues in polyvinyl chloride food packaging.

The determination and confirmation of residual vinyl chloride (VC) in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) food packaging materials are described. PVC packaging materials are dissolved in dimethylacetamide (DMAC). VC is sparged from solution with helium gas and collected in sealed vials of ethanol. VC is detected and quantitated by using a headspace sampling technique and standard gas-solid chromatography (GSC) with flame ionization detection. GSC peak heights of about 5% full scale deflection are obtained for samples of PVC containing 1 ppb VC. Polymer samples taken from tubing, blood bags, food packaging films, bottles, and unprocessed resin were analyzed. Residual VC levels ranged from 0.3 to 913 ppb. VC was confirmed by GSC-mass spectrometry, using selected ion recording of m/z 62 and 64 in conjunction with full mass scans to identify components eluting near VC.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1992

Stability and sorption of FK 506 in 5% dextrose injection and 0.9% sodium chloride injection in glass, polyvinyl chloride, and polyolefin containers.

The effects of the diluent, the storage container, light, and infusion through various types of tubing on the stability and sorption of FK 506 were studied. Solutions of FK 506 in 0.9% sodium chloride injection or 5% dextrose injection were stored at room temperature (24 +/- 2 degrees C) in glass i.v. bottles, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) minibags, and polyolefin containers. FK 506 solution in 0.9% sodium chloride injection was stored in plastic syringes at room temperature and either exposed to normal room light or stored in the dark. FK 506 solution in 5% dextrose injection was placed in plastic syringes and infused through PVC anesthesia extension tubing, PVC i.v. administration set tubing, and fat emulsion tubing over a two-hour period. The infused samples and samples collected from the containers and syringes at intervals up to 48 hours were analyzed for FK 506 concentration by high-performance liquid chromatography. FK 506 concentrations remained greater than 90% of initial concentration for admixtures in 5% dextrose injection stored in glass bottles for 48 hours and for admixtures in 5% dextrose injection or 0.9% sodium chloride injection stored in polyolefin containers for 48 hours. No change in concentration was measured for admixtures in 0.9% sodium chloride injection stored in plastic syringes, and exposure to light did not affect the stability of FK 506 solution. No substantial change in concentration occurred in FK 506 solution in 5% dextrose injection infused through PVC anesthesia extension tubing, PVC i.v. administration set tubing, or fat emulsion tubing. FK 506 admixtures prepared with 5% dextrose injection or 0.9% sodium chloride injection should be stored in polyolefin containers. If polyolefin containers are not available, solutions should be prepared with 5% dextrose injection and stored in glass bottles.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1990

Mortality and cancer morbidity in workers exposed to low levels of vinyl chloride monomer at a polyvinyl chloride processing plant.

To study whether exposure to low levels of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) causes increased risk for cancer morbidity and death from ischemic heart disease, a cohort study was performed among 2,031 male workers at a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) processing plant who had been employed for at least 3 months during the period 1945-1980. An almost significantly increased total mortality (SMR = 116, 95% CI 99-136) was found. Deaths caused by violence or intoxication were significantly increased (SMR = 153, 95% CI 109-213), but not deaths from ischemic heart disease (SMR = 100, 95% CI 73-135). A significant increase in total cancer morbidity was observed (SMR = 128, 95% CI 101-161). Respiratory cancers were significantly increased (SMR = 213, 95% CI 127-346). Furthermore, six brain tumors (vs. 2.6 expected) were observed. This increase, however, was not significant (SMR = 229, 95% CI 84-498). No liver hemangiosarcoma was observed. Applying a latency period of greater than or equal to 10 years from start of employment did not change the risk patterns. There were no significant exposure-response associations between exposure estimates for VCM, asbestos, and plasticizers and cancer morbidity.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Design and in vitro evaluation of polyvinyl chloride microcapsules containing sulphamethoxazole.

Polyvinyl chloride microcapsules containing sulphamethoxazole have been prepared by phase separation coacervation in non-aqueous solvents. Phase separation of the polyvinyl chloride in the solution of chloroform was achieved with n-hexane. Scanning electron micrographs revealed uniform encapsulation of the sulphamethoxazole particles. In vitro dissolution studies were conducted under changing pH conditions. The reproducibility of the in vitro drug release was highly significant. The mechanism of drug release was suggested as an integrated process of diffusion controlled dissolution. Controlled drug release was obtained over a prolonged period of 8 h.

Capsules↗
PubMed1977

Effects of polyvinyl chloride ingestion by dogs.

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) acrylic thermoplastic sheeting was fed to 6 dogs to determine whether ingestion during periods of normal transit of military working dogs would be toxic and thus affect the safety of this material for construction of shipping containers. The test dogs were fed PVC acrylic (0.125 g/kg of body weight; by gelatin capsule) twice each day for 5 days: for 2 dogs, the test material was in a shredded form; for 2 dogs, the material was diced; and for 2 dogs, it was powdered. Two other dogs were used as controls. Dogs were observed for clinical signs, and feed consumption and body weights were recorded. Blood and urine samples were examined. All animals were necropsied approximately 10 days after the feeding was stopped. Clinical or pathologic indication of a toxic effect of PVC was not seen within the time limits of the study.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Mortality experience of workers exposed to vinyl chloride monomer in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride in Great Britain.

Identification particulars were obtained for over 7000 men who were at some time between 1940 and 1974 exposed to vinyl chloride monomer in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride. Approximately 99% of these men have been traced and their mortality experience studied. The overall standardised mortality ratio, 75-4, shows a significant reduction compared with the national rates. Four cases of liver cancer were found. Two of these have been confirmed by a panel of liver pathologists as angiosarcoma and two as not angiosarcoma. There is no evidence to support the hypothesis that cancers other than those of the liver are associated with exposure to vinyl chloride monomer. The two cases of angiosarcoma were found in men who had been exposed to high concentrations of the monomer although the second man died only eight years after first exposure. The industry in Great Britain has expanded considerably since the second world war with over 50% of men having entered with the last decade. Conclusions drawn about the effect of vinyl chloride monomer on the mortality experience of men in this industry must consequently be tempered by the reservation that the full impact may not yet be in evidence.

Chemical Industry↗
PubMed1991

Vinyl chloride related hepatic angiosarcoma in a polyvinyl chloride autoclave cleaner in Australia.

OBJECTIVE: To present the first case of vinyl chloride related hepatic angiosarcoma in Australia. CLINICAL FEATURES: A 51-year-old male caucasian former polyvinyl chloride autoclave cleaner in an Australian chemical plant developed hepatic angiosarcoma, presenting 15 years after his last exposure to vinyl chloride monomer. OUTCOME: He developed encephalopathy and died in oliguric renal failure 21 days after admission to hospital. CONCLUSION: Hepatic angiosarcoma may develop in other workers similarly exposed.

Australia↗