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PubMedDate not supplied

In vitro antifungal activity of Polyporaceae against yeasts and dermatophytes.

The antifungal activity of 38 Polyporaceae sensu lato against yeasts and dermatophytes was tested in vitro by the agar dilution method. Strains were typed organisms and clinical isolates. In this first report, Pycnoporellus fulgens (Fr.) Donk was found to be the most active species against pathological fungi and showed broad-spectrum antifungal activity against yeasts (Candida albicans, Candida glabrata) and dermatophytes (Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, Epidermophyton floccosum). Other Polyporaceae species also showed antifungal activity, but only against dermatophytes.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed2004

Comparative analysis of laccase-isozymes patterns of several related Polyporaceae species under different culture conditions.

The study of isozymes has to date been successfully applied in the identification of a number of different microorganisms, particularly fungi. Trametes sp. I-62 (CECT20197) is a white-rot fungus with potential biotechnological applications. It has been identified as Trametes on the basis of the mycelium morphology, but the features observed are not sufficient for its classification at the species level. Given that this strain produces a very characteristic laccase isozyme pattern, in the present work we compared its isozyme profile with the profiles produced by ten other very closely phylogenetically related fungi from the Polyporaceae family. The data indicates that Trametes sp. I-62 could not be included in any of the taxonomically related species which were analysed in the present work. Extracellular laccases were detected in nine of the fungi studied and in four of them namely Trametes subectypus, Trametes pavonia, Trametes ochracea and Trametes gallica, this is the first report of such activity. Given that phylogenetically related fungi growing in the same culture conditions exhibit different laccase patterns, these isozymes could be used as an additional criterion for fungal identification.

Culture Media↗
PubMed2004

Cultivation of Lentinus subnudus Berk (Polyporales: Polyporaceae) on woodlogs.

Studies were carried out on the cultivability of Lentinus subnudus on woodlogs of various hardwood trees and the effect of chemical treatments of these woodlogs with citric, tartaric, indole-3-acetic (IAA) and gibberellic (GA3) acids on fruitbody production and yield. Of the four hardwood species of Chlorophora excelsa, Terminalia ivorensis, Terminalia superba and Spondias mombin tried, woodlogs of C. excelsa were the best in supporting L. subnudus fructification, followed by those of S. mombin. On the effect of chemical treatments of C. excelsa and S. mombin woodlogs on L. subnudus' fruitbody production and yield, bed logs treated with 50 ppm indole-3-acetic and gibberellic acids were the best in enhancing fructification and yield with C. excelsa GA3 and IAA treated bed logs consistently producing more fruitbodies and greater yields than S. mombin bed logs given the same treatments. The implication of these findings in relation to results obtained in previous studies are discussed.

Acids↗
PubMed1978

Ultrastructure of the dolipore-parenthesome septum in Hirschiporus pargamenus (Polyporaceae).

The septal complex in hyphae of Hirshioporus pargamenus (Fr.) Bond. & Sing. is generally similar to that described for other Homobasidiomycetes. A noteworthy distinction is the presence of imperforate parenthesomes. A dark line is frequently observed in the inner matrix of the parenthesome. We suggest that this line is an image produced by the overlapping of folded, opposing membranes differentiated from the wall endoplasmic reticulum.

Basidiomycota↗
PubMed1978

Necrotrophic mycoparasitism of Ceratocystic fimbriata by Hirschioporus pargamenus (Polyporaceae).

Necortrophic mycoparasitism by Hirschioporus parganenus (Fr.) Bond. & Sing. on selected non-basidiomycetous fungi is characterized by rapid necrosis of host cytoplasm. Invagination of the host plasmalemma is followed by the production of a conspicuous extraplasmalemmal wall deposit. Necrosis is the result of disruption of membrane systems and is followed by the penetration of dead host cells. Pathogenesis involves an unidentified toxic substance excreted by the parasite. Contact is not essential.

Antibiosis↗
PubMed1998

A review of research on the protein-bound polysaccharide (polysaccharopeptide, PSP) from the mushroom Coriolus versicolor (Basidiomycetes: Polyporaceae).

1. Protein-bound polysaccharides, designated as PSK and PSP, have been isolated from the CM-101 strain and the COV-1 strain, respectively, of the mushroom Coriolus versicolor. This article aims at summarizing existing research findings about PSP since information on PSK is well documented. 2. PSP possesses a molecular weight of approximately 100 kDa. Glutamic and aspartic acids are abundant in its polypeptide component, whereas its polysaccharide component is made up of monosaccharides with alpha-1,4 and beta-1,3 glucosidic linkages. The presence of fucose in PSK and rhamnose and arabinose in PSP distinguishes the two protein-bound polysaccharides, which are otherwise chemically similar. 3. PSP is classified as a biological response modifier. It induces, in experimental animals, increased gamma-interferon production, interleukin-2 production, and T-cell proliferation. It also counteracts the depressive effect of cyclophosphamide on white blood cell count, interleukin-2 production and delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction. Its antiproliferative activity against tumor cell lines and in vivo antitumor activity have been demonstrated. A small peptide with a molecular weight of 16-18 kDa originating from PSP has been produced with antiproliferative and antitumor activities. 4. PSP administered to patients with esophageal cancer, gastric cancer and lung cancer, and who are undergoing radiotherapy or chemotherapy, helps alleviate symptoms and prevents the decline in immune status.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed2026

Complete mitochondrial genomic sequence of Lenzites betulinus (Polyporales, Basidiomycota).

Lenzites betulinus is a medicinal fungus in the Polyporaceae. Here, we report the first complete mitochondrial sequencing of this species. The circular genome is 61,288 bp in length, with a GC content of 26.32% and base composition of A (36.98%), T (36.70%), G (12.96%), and C (13.36%). It contains 14 core protein-coding genes (PCGs), 26 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, and nine intronic ORFs within the cox1 gene. A maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree based on 14 PCGs from 17 mitochondrial genomes confirmed that L. betulinus clusters within the Polyporaceae, closely related to Trametes and Fomitopsis. This served as a significant reference for ongoing research into other species within the Polyporales order.

Mitochondrial genome↗
PubMed2004

Screening for pectinolytic activity of wood-rotting basidiomycetes and characterization of the enzymes.

Seventy-five fungal strains from different groups of basidiomycetes, newly isolated from rotten wood, were screened for pectinolytic activity. Despite the fact that basidiomycetes are scarcely referred to as pectinase producers, the polygalacturonase (PG) activity was detected in 76% of the strains; 16% with activity higher than 40 nkat/g, 40% between 13.3 and 40 nkat/g, and 44% with activity lower than 13.3 nkat/g. The highest productions were obtained among the fungi from order Aphyllophorales, family Polyporaceae. The characterization of the enzymes from the highest PG producers (Lentinus sp., Gloeophyllum striatum, Pycnoporus sanguineus, Schizophyllum commune) showed optimum temperature for catalytic activity at 60-70 degrees C and two peaks of pH optimum (3.5-4.5 and 8.5-9.5). The enzymes exhibited high pH stability (3.0-11.0) but after incubation at 40 degrees C for 1 h their activity dropped by 18-73%.

Basidiomycota↗
PubMed2000

Hot spots, indicator taxa, complementarity and optimal networks of taiga.

If hot spots for different taxa coincide, priority-setting surveys in a region could be carried out more cheaply by focusing on indicator taxa. Several previous studies show that hot spots of different taxa rarely coincide. However, in tropical areas indicator taxa may be used in selecting complementary networks to represent biodiversity as a whole. We studied beetles (Coleoptera), Heteroptera, polypores or bracket fungi (Polyporaceae) and vascular plants of old growth boreal taiga forests. Optimal networks for Heteroptera maximized the high overall species richness of beetles and vascular plants, but these networks were least favourable options for polypores. Polypores are an important group indicating the conservation value of old growth taiga forests. Random selection provided a better option. Thus, certain groups may function as good indicators for maximizing the overall species richness of some taxonomic groups, but all taxa should be examined separately.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Dehydrotrametenolic acid induces preadipocyte differentiation and sensitizes animal models of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus to insulin.

We recently discovered that the triterpene acid compound dehydrotrametenolic acid promotes adipocyte differentiation in vitro and acts as an insulin sensitizer in vivo. This natural product has been isolated from dried sclerotia of Poria cocos WOLF (Polyporaceae), a well-known traditional Chinese medicinal plant. We examined the effects of dehydrotrametenolic acid on plasma glucose concentration in obese hyperglycemic db/db mice. Dehydrotrametenolic acid can reduce hyperglycemia in mouse models of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and act as an insulin sensitizer as indicated by the results of the glucose tolerance test. These terpenoids and thiazolidine type of antidiabetic agents such as Ciglitazone, although structurally unrelated, share many biological activities: both induce adipose conversion, activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) in vitro, and reduce hyperglycemia in animal models of NIDDM. Dehydrotrametenolic acid is a promising candidate for a new type of insulin-sensitizing drug. This finding is very important for the development of insulin sensitizers that are not of the thiazolidine type.

Adipocytes↗
PubMed1989

Ganoderic acid and its derivatives as cholesterol synthesis inhibitors.

Oxygenated lanosterol derivatives, which were isolated from Ganoderma lucidum (Polyporaceae) or their derivatives obtained by chemical conversion, were tested for their effect on cholesterol biosynthesis from 24,25-dihydrolanosterol by rat hepatic subcellular 10,000 x g supernatant fraction. The sterol (VI, 40 microM) with 7-oxo and 15 alpha-hydroxy groups potently inhibited the synthesis of cholesterol from [24,25-3H]-24,25-dihydrolanosterol (18 microM).

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Studies on constituents of ganoderma capense IV. The chemical structures of ganoine, ganodine and ganoderpurine].

Two novel pyrrole alkaloids--ganoine and ganodine and a novel purine alkaloid ganoderpurine have been isolated from the mycelium of Ganoderma capense (Lloyd)Teng (Polyporaceae) obtained by submerged fermentation. On the basis of spectroscopic data their structures were elucidated, ganoine is N-isopentyl-5-hydroxymethyl-pyrryl alldehyde. Ganodine is N-phenylethyl-5-hydroxymethyl-pyrryl aldehyde and ganoderpurine is N9-(alpha, alpha dimethyl-gamma-oxobutyl) adenine.

Adenine↗
PubMed1993

Carboxymethylcellulase from Lenzites saepiaria, a brown-rotter.

Three wood-rotting fungi namely, Lenzites saepiaria, Polyporus xeranticus and Trametes gibbosa, were screened as cellulose-degraders from 20 different genera of both brown and white-rotters of Polyporaceae on the basis of their potential to degrade carboxymethylcellulose. The utilization of different carbon sources in the growth medium was studied with these fungi for identification of enzymes involved in saccharification. Carboxymethylcellulase and beta-glucosidase were identified as the two major enzymes involved in this process. Extracellular carboxymethylcellulase from L. saepiaria was purified to homogeneity and the enzyme partially characterized.

Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium↗