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Results for “Polyglycolic Acid”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Tissue engineering of a small hand phalanx with a porously casted polylactic acid-polyglycolic acid copolymer.

In this study, we evaluate a porous polylactic acid-polyglycolic acid (PLGA) polymer in tissue engineering a small hand phalanx. The PLGA polymer was processed with a unique solvent cast/salt-leaching method in the shape of a little finger distal phalanx. An 85% polylactic acid (PLA)/15% polyglycolic acid (PGA) copolymer was determined to be the most favorable mixture for creating a small digital phalanx in precise shape and size. The pore sizes averaged 250-425 microm. Bovine periosteum was wrapped around each phalangeal polymer. Chondrocytes were injected into the articular end. Six constructs were surgically placed into a dorsal subcutaneous pocket of an ethylic mouse. After 8 (n=2) or 16 (n = 4) weeks, all implants demonstrated growth of bone and cartilage in the shape and size of a small hand phalanx, which was maintained throughout the study period. Histologic evaluation showed a homogeneous presence of bone and cartilage, with progressive tissue differentiation and matrix production from 8 to 16 weeks. The tissue-engineered bone formed through an endochondral ossification process. Articular cartilage was maintained where the chondrocytes were placed. These findings suggest that the porous PLGA polymer is an effective synthetic biodegradable device to support and guide tissue growth of bone and articular cartilage in the shape of a human phalanx.

Absorbable Implants↗
PubMed2005

Tissue response to poly-L-lactide acid-polyglycolic acid absorbable screws in autogenous bone grafts: a histologic morphological analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the local bone condition of autogenous chin grafts in contact with resorbable polymers fixation devices. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seven patients presenting severe maxillary and mandibular atrophy underwent alveolar ridge reconstruction with autogenous chin grafts fixed with conventional metallic screws, who received poly L-lactide acid-polyglycolic acid and titanium test screws for histological evaluation after 4 months of implantation. RESULTS: Viable bone tissue could be seen in the specimens related to titanium test screws, with no signs of bone resorption or inflammation. A thick layer of fibrous connective tissue was observed between the resorbable test screws and bone tissue, which presented a few areas of resorption. CONCLUSION: There are no contraindications of both materials for use as fixation devices in autogenous bone grafts. However, care must be taken when using absorbable screws in a period of 4 months, which can interfere with the sequence of the treatment with endosseous dental implants.

Absorbable Implants↗
PubMed2006

A technique for medial canthal fixation using resorbable poly-L-lactic acid-polyglycolic acid fixation kit.

Achieving secure bony fixation of medial canthus is a challenge. We used a resorbable poly-L-lactic acid-polyglycolic acid screw (LactoSorb office fixation kit) in 5 cases: 2 with traumatic medial canthal dystopia, 1 with scleroderma and orbital fat atrophy causing malapposition of the medial canthus to globe, and 2 with invasive medial canthal tumors necessitating subtotal medial orbital exenteration. The resorbable screw with preplaced suture was drilled into the medial orbital wall, using a handheld self-drilling tap. The preplaced suture was used to anchor the medial canthus. We achieved satisfactory canthal position in all 5 cases. There were no complications in 4 cases during a mean +/- SD follow-up of 11.3 +/- 6 months; however, the scleroderma case developed wound dehiscence 6 weeks after surgery. The LactoSorb kit is a safe and effective technique to achieve bony medial canthal fixation in carefully selected cases.

Absorbable Implants↗
PubMed2003

Comparison of resorbable poly-L-lactic acid-polyglycolic acid and internal Palmaz stents for the surgical correction of severe tracheomalacia.

Tracheomalacia (TM) is associated with expiratory airway collapse and potentially fatal respiratory distress. Internal and external tracheal stents and, recently, resorbable biopolymers have been used to treat this condition. In this study, the efficacy and biocompatibility of internal Palmaz stents and external poly-L-lactic acid-polyglycolic acid (PLPG) stents were compared in a model of severe TM induced in piglets. The tracheas were repaired with one of two stenting methods, and the animals survived for up to 16 weeks. Weight gain, adverse respiratory signs and symptoms, tracheal or lung histopathologic changes, and internal and external tracheal diameters were measured. The animals in the PLPG group uniformly were free of respiratory distress and tracheal stenosis or inflammation, whereas all animals in the Palmaz group developed respiratory distress as a result of pneumonia or tracheal stenosis caused by intraluminal granulation tissue. In conclusion, superior efficacy of external, resorbable PLPG stents was found relative to internal Palmaz stents for the surgical repair of severe TM.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Characterization of polylactic acid-polyglycolic acid composites for cartilage tissue engineering.

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of scaffold composition on the physical properties, adhesion, and growth of bovine articular chondrocytes on polylactic acid (PLA)/polyglycolic acid (PGA) composites. Nonwoven meshes of PGA were coated with PLA, using a solvent evaporation technique that resulted in composites with fractional PLA contents ranging from 0 to 68%. The compressive modulus of scaffolds increased linearly with the addition of PLA, ranging from less than 1 kPa for PGA to approximately 20 kPa for scaffolds with 68% PLA content. The characteristic degradation time of these scaffolds also increased from approximately 5 days for 0% PLA to 45 days for 68% PLA. Addition of PLA decreased cell seeding efficiency from 48% for 0% PLA scaffolds to 27% for 68% PLA scaffolds. Cells seeded onto 27% PLA scaffolds increased 3-fold in number over 4 weeks in culture, whereas cells seeded onto 68% PLA increased only 2-fold in number. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that cells attached to PGA appeared flat with many small processes, whereas those attached to PLA were more rounded. These studies provide important information for the design of scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Evaluation of poly-L-lactic acid and polyglycolic acid resorbable stents for repair of tracheomalacia in a porcine model.

Poly-L-lactic acid and polyglycolic acid (PLPG) resorbable stents may offer a potential solution to the problem of tracheomalacia. Advantages of this material include its strength, its versatile shaping characteristics, and its resorbability, which would preclude surgical removal and allow for airway growth. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the usefulness of PLPG stents for temporary external airway stenting of tracheomalacia in a porcine model. A severe tracheomalacia was created in 6 pigs by submucosal resection of segments of tracheal cartilage from 6 consecutive rings. The PLPG stent was then shaped to recreate the tracheal contour and sutured to the underlying airway. Endoscopic photodocumentation during spontaneous ventilation was obtained before and after reconstruction. After creation of the malacic tracheal segment, all animals developed stridor, retractions, and cyanosis during spontaneous ventilation. After repair, all animals were extubated without complication. All animals survived the follow-up period of 9 to 12 weeks without evidence of respiratory distress and with rapid weight gain. Repeat bronchoscopy showed no evidence of airway collapse during spontaneous ventilation. Tracheal measurements revealed growth of the stented segment with a mild narrowing within the repaired region. Histologic examination showed preservation of respiratory epithelium. These preliminary findings suggest that PLPG stents may serve a useful role in the surgical management of tracheomalacia.

Absorbable Implants↗
PubMed1977

Comparison of polyglactic and polyglycolic acid sutures in reproductive tissue.

Polyglactic acid and polyglycolic acid suture materials were compared in rat uterine and abdominal wall tissues for inflammatory response and tissue fibrosis. By 90 days after surgery, the tissue inflammatory reaction and fibrosis were significantly less in response to polyglactic acid suture (Vicryl) in both uterus and skin as compared with the response to polyglycolic acid (Dexon). In addition, the over-all tissue response in skin was significantly greater than that in uterus for both suture materials. The potential importance of tissue fibrosis--particularly in oviductal surgery, over and above the formation of adhesions between one organ and another--is emphasized. It is concluded that (1) the magnitude of tissue response to suture material varies for different tissues, (2) the degree of tissue wall fibrosis does not necessarily correspond to external tissue adhesions, (3) adhesions are maximal at the surgical knots regardless of the suture material used, and (4) polyglactic acid suture material may be preferable to polyglycolic acid suture material for infertility surgery, in which a minimum of tissue reaction is imperative.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1984

[Studies on the new long-acting anti-cancer preparation, 5-fluorouracil-polyglycolic acid composite].

Polymer polyglycolic acid is biocompatible in the body. A needle-shaped long-acting anti-cancer preparation (F-PGA needle) was prepared by compounding polyglycolic acid and the anti-cancer drug 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). The release of 5-FU from the needle was maintained for about 10 days, and the needle disappeared after one year. A clinical study with the F-PGA needle was made on patients with terminal carcinomas. Shrinkage of tumors and tumor necrosis were observed in two patients with metastatic liver carcinomas. The F-PGA needle supplies high-dose 5-FU locally for a long time with fewer side effects by embedding it into the tumor tissue. Therefore the F-PGA needle can be said to be promising in the treatment of unresectable cancer as a topical application of chemotherapy.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Liquid exclusion-adsorption chromatography: a new technique for isocratic separation of non-ionic surfactants. V. Two-dimensional separation of fatty acid polyglycol ethers.

Fatty acid polyglycol esters can be fully characterized using two-dimensional liquid chromatography with liquid chromatography under critical conditions (LCCC) as the first and liquid exclusion-adsorption chromatography (LEAC) as the second dimension. LEAC is run under isocratic conditions, which allows the use of the refractive index detector, and thus accurate quantitation. Fractions from LCCC are transferred to LEAC using the full adsorption-desorption technique, by which they are focussed and reconcentrated before injection into the second dimension. This is achieved by increasing the water content of the mobile phase behind the LCCC column. Monoester oligomers of up to 20 oxyethylene units can be resolved to the baseline. Diester oligomers are partially separated in the first dimension (LCCC).

Adsorption↗
PubMed1993

Laparotomy wound closure with absorbable polyglycolic acid mesh.

A knitted mesh of polyglycolic acid was used successfully in 59 critically ill patients to bridge abdominal wall defects and prevent evisceration after celiotomy. Polyglycolic acid knit mesh was used in 31 patients who had extraordinary visceral edema after resuscitation and the mesh was inserted to avoid excessive tension in the wound closure, 15 patients who had abdominal wall defects after adequate débridement for necrotizing fasciitis, and 13 patients who had losses of abdominal wall tissue caused by trauma or after resection of tumor. There were 14 hospital deaths among the seriously ill patients. Thirteen patients had enterocutaneous fistulas, seven of which occurred after meshes were inserted. The mesh material was strong, pliable and easily inserted in large abdominal wall defects. The polyglycolic acid knit mesh was infiltrated by granulation tissue within three weeks, including in heavily contaminated wounds. Two to three months after insertion, the material was absorbed. Hernia defects were common four to six months after the meshes were inserted and repairs were performed electively after patients had recovered from the primary problems. We conclude that absorbable polyglycolic acid knit mesh can be a useful technique for quickly achieving a secure tension-free closure of abdominal wounds.

Humans↗
PubMed1975

Polyglycolic acid suture in strabismus surgery.

Polyglycolic acid, synthetic, absorbable braided suture was compared to gut with respect to handling, strength, and tissue reaction in 70 strabismus procedures. This new suture material produced less tissue reaction than gut and had handling characteristics that were similar to silk. It can be used in smaller sizes than gut because of its greater strength and firm knot. Polyglycolic acid suture appears to be a useful addition to ophthalmic suture materials.

Absorption↗
PubMed1982

The resistance of polyglycolic acid sutures to attack by infected human urine.

Polyglycolic acid sutures were incubated at 37 degrees C in broth, and in 0.22 mu millipore filtered human urine infected with Escherichia coli, Str. faecalis, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. At 3 days the Proteus had destroyed the polyglycolic acid sutures in the urine but not in the broth. None of the other organisms had any effect on the tensile strength of the suture material. Under the scanning electron microscope the Proteus-destroyed polyglycolic acid sutures showed multiple transverse microfractures. Polyglycolic acid sutures should not be used for closing urothelium in patients with a proven Proteus infection.

Enterococcus faecalis↗
PubMed1990

Renorrhaphy with a polyglycolic acid mesh.

In recent years resorbable polyglycolic acid mesh has been successfully used in the treatment of splenic injuries. The use of a resorbable mesh seems promising also in the treatment of renal injuries and in the rare ruptures of renal allografts. The authors report their own experience in the use of resorbable polyglycolic acid mesh in the treatment of a renal injury.

Child↗
PubMed1992

Inferior alveolar nerve reconstruction with a polyglycolic acid bioabsorbable nerve conduit.

A custom-designed polyglycolic acid (PGA) bioabsorbable nerve conduit was used to reconstruct a 25-mm defect in the right inferior alveolar nerve. The initial nerve injury, following a dental extraction, resulted in loss of lower lip sensation and severe facial pain. Sixteen months after tooth extraction, with no improvement in symptomatology, the alveolar canal was enlarged in diameter by means of mandibular osteotomy to accommodate a 2-mm-diameter polyglycolic acid tube. The proximal end of the inferior alveolar nerve was sutured into the polyglycolic acid tube. The mental nerve was sutured into the distal end of the tube. Pain of neural origin was relieved in the early postoperative period. Two years following nerve reconstruction, pain relief remains excellent and perception of pressure and vibration is similar to the thresholds for these perceptions on the contralateral lip.

Absorption↗
PubMed1975

A comparison of polyglycolic acid (Dexon), nylon and silk sutures in skin surgery.

Synthetic polyglycolic acid (Dexon) sutures were compared with silk or nylon in 50 patients requiring skin surgery. After some practice, polyglycolic acid is an easily handled as nylon or silk. Skin reactions occurred in 50% of the patients sutured with nylon, in 10% of those sutured with polyglycolic acid, and in none sutured with silk. Wound healing was satisfactory in all cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Stabilized polyglycolic acid fibre-based tubes for tissue engineering.

Polyglycolic acid (PGA) fibre meshes are attractive candidates to transplant cells, but they are incapable of resisting significant compressional forces. To stabilize PGA meshes, atomized solutions of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and a 50/50 copolymer of poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) dissolved in chloroform were sprayed over meshes formed into hollow tubes. The PLLA and PLGA coated the PGA fibres and physically bonded adjacent fibres. The pattern and extent of bonding was controlled by the concentration of polymer in the atomized solution and the total mass of polymer sprayed on the device. The compression resistance of devices increased with the extent of bonding, and PLLA bonded tubes resisted larger compressive forces than PLGA bonded tubes. Tubes bonded with PLLA degraded more slowly than devices bonded with PLGA. Implantation of PLLA bonded tubes into rats revealed that the devices maintained their structure during fibrovascular tissue ingrowth, resulting in the formation of a tubular structure with a central lumen. The potential of these devices to engineer specific tissues was exhibited by the finding that smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells seeded onto devices in vitro formed a tubular tissue with appropriate cell distribution.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Splenic capping: an experimental study of a new technique for splenorrhaphy using woven polyglycolic acid mesh.

The use of polyglycolic acid (PGA) stretchable mesh applied to the experimentally injured canine spleen can achieve satisfactory immediate hemostasis by tamponade and simplifies the use of sutures to control remaining areas of hemorrhage. PGA mesh with 1/4" and 1/8" openings was utilized for splenorrhaphy in 12 adult mongrel dogs subjected to sharp splenic trauma. By gross and histologic examination, the PGA mesh material appears to undergo progressive absorption to complete absorption by 85 days. For the 12 animals and 30 operative procedures the only complications of the use of the mesh were the occurrence of an intrasplenic seroma in a single animal at 6 weeks after operation and three wound infections. With this material, rapid, simple canine splenic injury repair can be achieved. PGA mesh further assists in the healing process, and in maintaining maximum splenic architecture and function. The material used in this study was manufactured and supplied by Davis & Geck, American Cyanamid, Danbury, Connecticut.

Animals↗