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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Follow-up of schoolchildren from polluted and low-polluted rural areas in Israel.

Schoolchildren aged 6-18 years from six rural settlements--three in a polluted area and three in a low polluted area--were studied during summer 1984 and summer 1989. They performed pulmonary function tests (PFT) which included: FVC, FEV1.0, PEF, FEF50%, and FEF25%; their parents filled out the American Thoracic Society health questionnaire. A trend of higher prevalence of reported respiratory symptoms and diseases characterizes children growing up in the polluted as compared to the low-polluted rural areas in the studies carried out both in 1984 and in 1989. A trend of lower PFT characterizes children of the polluted area, with significantly (p = 0.05) reduced PEF in 1984 but not in 1989. Follow-up of those children who were examined both in 1984 and in 1989 (e.g., those who were 6-13 years old in 1984 and 11-18 years old in 1989) shows a decrease in the prevalence of most respiratory symptoms and diseases both in the low-polluted and in the polluted rural areas. The decrease in prevalence is generally higher among the children in the low-polluted areas. The prevalences of respiratory conditions are higher in the polluted than in the low-polluted area in 1984 and in 1989. Annual increase in PFT is higher among the children from the low-polluted areas compared to the rural polluted community (for FVC of girls p = 0.05).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Effects of polluted and non-polluted sediments on the growth of Gonyaulax tamarensis.

Cultures of Gonyaulax tamarensis were grown on Hastings medium based on 100%, 10%, 1%, 0.1% and 0% (control) of seawater elutrients of bottom sediments. Both "clean" and heavily polluted sediments were used. Very low concentrations of polluted elutrients (0.01% v/v) slightly enhanced the growth of Gonvaulax tamarensis; greater concentrations of polluted elutrient depressed growth. Elutrient from "clean" sediments did not enhance growth; the depression of growth at any given elutrient concentrate was not as great as that seen with the polluted elutrients.

Chlorophyll↗
PubMed1991

[Smoke, pollutant and pollutant carrier].

Smoke as a carrier of atmospheric pollution, is able to break the barrier between external and internal environment of a respiring creature. Primary pollutants arise from all processes of combustion able to affect ecosystems or biologic mechanisms. Among physiologic factors influencing susceptibility to airway disease are size of contact-area between respiratory tissue and airways. Some airway diseases are influenced by pollution. The atmospheric and industrial pollutants irritant to airways are inevitable whereas the habit of smoking is at the own responsibility of each individual. The withdrawal programs for smokers of the association of Swiss physicians (FMH) and the Swiss Office of public health are fully supported.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1989

Air pollution and acute respiratory morbidity: an observational study of multiple pollutants.

Recently there have been several attempts to estimate the health and economic effects of one or more airborne pollutants using the Health Interview Survey (HIS), a large cross-sectional database collected by the National Center for Health Statistics. The ultimate implications of these studies are unclear, however, since they frequently include different pollutants and health outcomes in the regression analysis. This paper attempts to determine the separate health consequences of two air pollutants common to the urban environment, ozone and particulate matter, using six separate years of the HIS. The results, using a fixed effects model that controls for intercity differences, indicate an association between smaller size particles (fine particulate) and both minor restrictions in activity and respiratory conditions severe enough to result in work loss and bed disability in adults. Ozone, on the other hand, appears to be associated only with the more minor restrictions. However, the measurement error associated with estimating exposure to ozone may limit the usefulness of the HIS which relies on a 2-week recall of health status. The results are compared with other studies using the HIS and related studies involving acute respiratory symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Prevalence of respiratory symptoms and diseases in schoolchildren living in a polluted and in a low polluted area in Israel.

Second and fifth grade schoolchildren living in two communities with different levels of air pollution were studied. The parents of these children filled out ATS-NHLI health questionnaires. The prevalence of reported respiratory symptoms and pulmonary diseases was found to be significantly higher among children growing up in the polluted community (Ashdod) as compared with the low-pollution area (Hadera). Logistic models fitted for the respiratory conditions which differed significantly between both areas of residence also included background variables that could be responsible for these differences. Relative risk values, which were calculated from the logistic models, were in the range of 1.47 for cough without cold to 2.66 for asthma for children from Ashdod, as compared with 1.00 for children from Hadera.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1977

[The determination of resort and stress-areas by air pollution 2. communication: the evaluation of air pollution in spreadout areas, classification into stress-categories (authors transl)].

To qualify the air pollution by SO2 and particulate matter in wide spreaded areas a method for complex terrain was used in the Austrian Alps. The working model which was chosen is described in report 1. It is possible to classify the investigated area according to stress-categories by adjusting the data. For the qualification of results of measurements for dust fall the criterias were used according to KOFLER and BENGER. Two different situations were considered for the separation of limits for the stress-categories for SO2: areas which are polluted in first line by area sources, and areas which are polluted in first line by point sources.--The limits which were used in the study of Salzburg are introduced and discussed.--According to the method which is described above all municipalities of Tyrol and Salzburg were classified in stress-categories during to their air quality. The results are introduced.

Air Pollution↗
PubMed1986

A study of the atmospheric lead pollution in Seville, Spain. Influence of meteorology and traffic, and relationship with other traffic-generated pollutants.

A study of the atmospheric pollution by suspended particulate lead in the city of Seville, Spain, was carried out during the period between March 1983 and February 1984. The results obtained from seven sampling stations allowed us to study the site to site variations; there are two locations with average annual concentrations higher than 2 micrograms X m-3. In one station, the meteorological and traffic effects and relationship with other traffic-related pollutants, were investigated. The regression analyses performed on the average monthly data have shown an inverse correlation with wind speed and temperature and a direct correlation with carbon monoxide and smoke concentrations, but no significant correlation was found with the lead deposition levels.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1972

Air pollution: sensitive detection of ten pollutant gases by carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide lasers.

Detection sensitivities of a few parts per billion for ten gaseous pollutants have been evaluated by measuring the strength of the absorption of infrared radiation from carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide lasers. Ethylene concentrations as small as 5 parts per billion have been detected in air. The measured absorption strengths indicate that in mixtures of pollutants, such as nitrogen dioxide and water vapor, the sensitivity is reduced by overlapping absorption bands. However, calculations indicate that it should be possible to detect nitrogen dioxide concentrations of 0.01 part per million in the presence of water vapor concentrations of 105 parts per million.

Air Pollution↗
PubMed1985

Effect of pollution on some freshwater species. II. Bioaccumulation and toxic effects of experimental lead pollution on the ganglia in Viviparus ater (Mollusca, Gastropoda).

The effect of lead on ganglia of Viviparus ater were studied by histochemical and histomorphological procedures. The pollution experiment should be considered a "short-time static bioassay" because of its experimental characteristics. There was considerable accumulation of lead in the ganglia as determined by atomic absorbance (A.A.S.). The cytological damage principally affected the neuronal cell bodies which undergo degenerative processes. The most serious cytopathological changes occurred in the following sequence: nuclear damage leading to pyknosis; nucleolar damage until disappearance; changes in Nissl bodies, at times forming a uniform mass. These cytological disorders led to markedly altered protein synthesis. Nerve fibers and neuroglia did not appear affected by lead exposure, even at higher doses. Membrane enzymes, phosphorylase, NADHDH, NADPHDH and SDH activities were decreased, whereas D-LDH, G-6-PDH, G-6-Pase and MAO activities increased. GDH was unchanged. Changes in polar lipid composition were also observed with an increase of phospholipids and a decrease of sulpholipids and cerebrosides.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Experimental studies on human health effects of air pollutants. II. Four-hour exposure to ozone alone and in combination with other pollutant gases.

Eight adult male volunteers were exposed to ozone (O3) alone and then in combination with nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide under conditions simulating ambient air pollution exposures. Four "normal" men showed few or no effects from repeated exposures. Four male volunteers with a history of "hyperreactive" airways, but with normal base line pulmonary function spirometric studies, after O3 exposure developed definite symptoms and decrement in pulmonary function.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Video filming and pollution measurement as a teaching aid in reducing exposure to airborne pollutants.

A method called PIMEX has been developed for investigation of the causes of exposure to airborne pollutants at workplaces. The method involves measurement of the subject's exposure with a personal, direct-reading instrument. The sampling signal is transmitted by telemetry to a special video mixer. A video camera is also connected to the video mixer. The camera is used for filming the subject. The video mixer's output signal is fed to a monitor which continuously shows how the subject works and how exposure varies. The method has been used for producing two films on the causes of exposure to solvent and effective measures for reducing exposure: one deals with screen printing and the other with surface treatment at wood-processing plants. The films have been shown at a large number of workplaces at discussions about workplace conditions, proving useful tools in efforts to reduce workplace risks and giving rise to concrete measures and increased interest in the workplace environment.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1977

The reduction of pollution. A simple approach to the reduction of pollution in the dental operating theatre.

This paper describes the construction and evaluation of a simple anti-pollution device for use with the McKesson nasal mask for dental anaesthesia. The device is attached to the expiratory valve of the mask and spilled halothane vapour is adsorbed onto activated charcoal. In theatre use, comparing similar dental anaesthesia sessions, it resulted in a reduction of approximately 78% in the mean halothane concentration (vol./vol.) at a point equidistant from the expiratory valve as the faces of surgeon and anaesthetist. This percentage reduction was consistent with the weight gained by the activated charcoal container (Cardiff 'Aldasorber') compared with the weight of halothane vapourised.

Air Pollution↗
PubMed1977

Study on the post-mortem identification of pollutants in the Fish killed by water pollution: detection of arsenic.

Careless Herbicidal aerial spray of a field for weed control and defoliation of cotton before machine picking, resulted in the contamination of an adjoining reservoir, killing large volume of fish. The dead catfish, along with water and Amarantha weed leaves analyzed contained relatively high levels of arsenic concentrations, indicative of arsenic being the probable cause of fish killing. The arsenic absorbed by fish was irreversable and its bioaccumulation continued in the surviving fish though the water arsenic level fell during the following weeks.

Animals↗