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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1975

The functions of progressionals in gerontology in policy making: a case history from Massachusetts.

This paper describes and assess the functions which a Professional Task Force Committee has performed as an advisory body to the State Unit on Aging in Massachusetts, the Executive Office of Elder Affairs, and how this committee has aided in its development in the past 2 years. As such it illustrates the kind of contributions which professionals in gerontology can make in policy-making for the elderly. This experience in Massachusetts has demonstrated that a body of professionals linked together through an appropriate structure, can shape and effect policies that a State Unit on Aging eventually promulgates. The expert can and should make his expertise available in policy anlysis, policy development, and in policy implementation. But, at the same time, the expert must recognize that, like everybody else, he needs a corrective; otherwise expert power will be guiding too much the direction of a State Unit on Aging (or any other government department) and this may not always be in the interest of those who are going to receive services and to be the beneficiaries of social programs.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Network analysis of Korean health insurance policy-making process.

This study examines how the decision-making process evolved in Korea during the initial phases of introduction and implementation of National Health Insurance. This study analyses the official documents and interviews views made with government officials and related personnel. We used the method of network analysis and multidimensional scaling in order to demonstrate how the major participants in the decision-making process developed and changed under the contemporary political situations. In the pre-implementation stage around 1976, major concerns were concentrated around the issues of financial support for social insurance, the fee schedule and who ought to be covered first. The total number of participants of the health or health-related organization was 61, which included the President, the Minister of Health and Social Affairs, representatives of special interest groups, etc. In the actual implementation period of 1982, different issues were brought up by the major participants. The number of participants in this period declined to 44 with the deletion of 19 and with the addition of two newly formed health insurance organizations. By 1988, as the implementation reached its final decision period, disagreements were centered on progressive premium rating and the administration of National Health Insurance. The number of participants increased to 60 after the addition of 16 participants. The analysis of this paper may provide some insight for other countries which wish to establish National Health Insurance; as reference to the policy-making process, it may provide some suggestions for when to initiate and how to formulate National Health Insurance policies.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Evidence and proof in making policy decisions.

General dietary guidelines for the public are established to minimize risk. Recommended intakes of essential nutrients--the RDAs--are established at levels believed to be substantially above those required by most individuals in order to minimize the risk of deficiency of those with highest requirement. Such levels of intake do not benefit most individuals, cannot be proved to be correct since few individuals benefit, may mislead some individuals as to the benefits to be derived from such diets, but are defensible on the basis that they are probably helpful for a few and impose no health risk. They do impose unnecessary food selection for most people. Recommended intakes of fat, cholesterol, sugar, salt, toxic materials, etc.--food constituents that impose risks at higher intakes--must also be developed to minimize risk. No advantages are claimed for high intakes of the above. Abundant evidence, epidemiologic, clinical, and experimental, identifies high intakes as imposing substantial risk. The nature of chronic diseases associated with excessive intake, which may require 10-30 years before effects are manifest, precludes adequate experiments to definite the results associated with dietary change. The only rational position that can be taken is to recommend reduced intakes consistent with various practical restraints.

Decision Making↗
PubMed1976

Doctors' career choice: previous research and its relevance for policy-making.

During the last 10 years, a good deal of interest has been shown by both researchers and policy-makers in the factors which determine doctors' choice of specialty. In this sense 'specialty' includes not only the hospital specialties but general practice and occupational and community health. This interest has arisen in part from the problems of geographical and inter-specialty maldistribution which have persisted since the inception of the Health Service. As plans for increasing the total numbers of British doctors begin to be put into effect, the attention of medical manpower planners may well be more sharply focused on ways of ensuring that this increased supply is used in the best possible way.

Career Choice↗