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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Bacterial pneumonias in the rural society of Solwezi District of the North-Western Province of Zambia.

Bacterial pneumonias form the major cause of admission for bronchopulmonary infections at Solwezi General Hospital. The figures obtained from this study may represent the rate of incidence and prevalence of bacterial pneumonias in the other districts of North-Western Province of Zambia. The major bacterial organisms involved in pathogenesis of these pneumonias are streptococcus pneumoniae, pneumococcus, staphylococcus aureaus. In none of the cases could tuberculosis bacilli or fungal organism be detected. The patients affected essentially belong to the young and middle age group with predominance of males over females. The involvement of both lungs in the pneumonic process is one of the most interesting findings in this study as it was encountered in 28 patients (25.68%). This could be explained on the basis of low resistance of the afflicted to bacterial infection. Inspite of the severity of pneumonias there was a relatively good response to the general antibacterial chemotherapy and hence 83 patients (76.06%) have had complete resolution of their lesions and the overall rate of mortality was only 2.77%. The main cause of mortality was, however acute respiratory insufficiency and failure. Another interesting point in this study is the involvement of the right lower lobes more than the other lobes of both lungs.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Bacterial pneumonia in the elderly: a reappraisal of conventional therapy, with a note on cefamandole.

Community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in the elderly has for years been attributed almost exclusively to Streptococcus pneumoniae. Recent technical advances have provided bacteriologic and epidemiologic data demonstrating that other pathogens are important causes of pulmonary infection in older patients. This report reviews these data and reappraises the conventional therapy of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in geriatric patients. Some properties of a new antibiotic, cefamandole nafate, are described.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[A clinical evaluation of the effect of cephacetrile on bacterial pneumonia. A comparative test with cefazolin by a double blind method (author's transl)].

The therapeutic efficacy of cephacetrile (CEC) in bacterial pneumonia was evaluated in contrast with that of cefazolin (CEZ) by a double blind method. Both drugs were administered via intravenous route at a dose of 1 g twice daily for 14 days. 1) Of 81 patients, each 2 from both groups were eliminated from the study because of unknown results. In CEC group, 36 out of 38 obtained a slightly effective or better results (94.7% of effectiveness). In CEZ group, 31 out of 39 showed a similar result and there was no significant difference between the two groups. 2) In more detail, CEC achieved significantly better results in AaDo2 and cardiac insufficiency than CEZ, and this trend was also seen in dyspnea. 3) Regarding background factors, pretreatment severity was slightly in favor of CEC. However, so long as supplementary analysis is concerned, we could not find any relation between the pretreatment severity of symptom and drug efficacy or improvement of symptom. 4) Since there was a slight bias in the background factors, it is difficult to conclude that CEC is better than CEZ in terms of effectiveness. However, we consider CEC is superior to CEZ if compared in details. 5) Both drugs had the same incidence of side effect (6.25%, 3/48 in both groups). When clinical efficacy of CEC in bacterial pneumonia is evaluated together with the incidence of side effect, we may consider that CEC is an effective antibiotic agent equal to or better than CEZ.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

Ceforanide (BL-S786) in the treatment of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia.

Ceforanide (BL-S 786) is a new long-acting parenteral cephalosporin which has the major pharmacologic advantage of requiring only twice a day dosage. We treated 28 adult patients with community-acquired bacterial pneumonia using doses of 500 or 1000 mg every 12 hours. Twenty-four of 28 infections were due to Streptococcus pneumoniae and/or Hemophilus influenzae, and all pathogens were susceptible in vitro to both cephalothin and ceforanide. Patients were treated for a mean of 7.5 days, and all showed a good clinical and radiographic response with no mortality. Of the 13 patients with H. influenzae, the organism could still be recovered during therapy in 9/12 and post therapy in 3/8. One clinical superinfection (sepsis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa) occurred during therapy. Side effects with therapy included thrombocytosis (15), asymptomatic eosinophilia (5), and mild elevation of the serum transaminases (3). These studies suggest that ceforanide is a safe and effective agent for the treatment of adult patients with bacterial pneumonia due to S. pneumoniae; further experience in therapy of H. influenzae is needed because of frequent failure of ceforanide to eradicate this organism from the sputum.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Carbenicillin in the treatment of acute and chronic bacterial pneumonias].

A total of 50 patients suffering from acute and chronic bacterial pneumonia were treated with sodium carbenicillin. The bacteriological analysis of the sputum showed that Str. pneumoniae predominated in the monoculture or its association with other bacteria. Connection of the results of the bacteriological analysis with the clinical efficiency of the therapy was studied. When carbenicillin was administered intramuscularly in a dose of 1 gm, its therepeutic effect was maintained in the blood for 4 to 6 hours. A satisfactory clinical effect was registered in 41 out of 50 patients treated with carbenicillin in a daily dose 4--6 gm for 8--10 days. No toxic effect of carbenicillin on the parenchimatous organs and peripheral blood was noted.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1975

A study of the agglutinin response in 40 cases of bacterial pneumonia.

Comparison of the results of cultures from blood and sputum with those of agglutinin response in 40 cases of bacterial pneumonia and 36 controls suggests that a provisional identification of causal bacteria, for purposes of antibiotic therapy, may be made by the serological tests with much greater rapidity and comparable accuracy. A combination of these methods is recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Reevaluation of the treatment of acute bacterial pneumonias (author's transl)].

In spite of extreme and persistent susceptibility to antibiotics, specially benzylpenicillin, the pathology due to pneumococcus remains frequent and serious. From 14 cases of pneumococcal meningitis associated with pneumonia the authors have studied the relationship between these two localizations. They conclude that meningeal seeding appears most frequently secondarily and is probably latent at the beginning. Moreover they note that treatment of pneumonia by itself does not always prevent the occurence of the meningitis. Density of bacterial population, prolunged bacteremia, resistance of pneumococcus to phagocytic mechanisms and the delay of treatment might explain these findings. For those reasons the authors recommend the use of high doses of benzylpenicillin for the treatment of lately diagnosed bacterial pneumonia.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

[Assessment of the sensitivity of immunoprecipitation for the serodiagnosis of influenzal-bacterial pneumonias].

A comparative examination of 226 paired sera from patients with pneumonia was carried out by CFT, HI, neuraminidase activity inhibition (NI) and double immunodiffusion. A correlation of the results of agar gel precipitation and the CFT and HI tests was observed. Convalescent sera contained antibody to influenza virus ribonucleoprotein frequently, less so to its neuraminidase or hemagglutinin. The precipitation test was shown to be highly sensitive, easy to perform, and therefore should be used in examinations of sera from patients with influenza-bacterial pneumonia.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Diagnosis of acute bacterial pneumonia in Nigerian children. Value of needle aspiration of lung of countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis.

Eighty-eight Nigerian children with untreated, severe, acute pneumonia were investigated by standard bacteriological techniques (blood culture and culture of pharyngeal secretions) and by needle aspiration of the consolidated lung. Countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) against grouped pneumococcal and Haemophilus influenzae type b antisera was carried out on serum samples from 45 patients. The aetiology of pneumonia was shown by examination of the needle aspirate in 70/88 patients (79%), by CIE in 9/45 patients (20%), and by blood culture in 4/36 patients (11%). Overall, a bacterial cause for pneumonia was shown in 73/88 patients (83%). The results of pharyngeal culture were misleading when compared with cultures of needle aspirates. The prediction of aetiology from the radiological appearance was alos inaccurate, even for labor pneumonia. Needle aspiration of the lung, with a low (5%) and minor complication rate, merits wider application in the diagnosis of acute pulmonary infections in children. Tradiational bacteriological techniques (blood culture and pharyngeal culture) are of very limited value. The place of CIE in the investigation of childhood pneumonia still needs thorough evaluation.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1975

Measles pneumonia. Bacterial suprainfection as a complicating factor.

During a 3 1/2-month period, 32 previously healthy young men were first seen typical prodromal symptoms and signs of measles. On admission or within 48 hours of admission, 16 patients (50%) manifested physical signs and roentgenographic evidence of pneumonia. Of these 16 patients, ten (63%) were found to have bacterial suprainfection or colonization confirmed by culture of transtracheal aspirates. From six of these ten patients, Neisseria meningitidis serogroup Y was isolated as the sole organism responsible for suprainfection. In the other patients, Haemophilus species, Neisseria species (not N gonorrheae or N meningitidis), Streptococcus pneumoniae, and beta-hemolytic Streptococcus (not group A or D were isolated alone or in combination. The data suggest that bacterial supra-infection associated with measles pneumonia is not unusual in adults and N meningitidis serogroup Y is a potential pathogen of the lower respiratory tract.

Adolescent↗