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Results for “Plant engineering”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Agrobacterium in plant disease, biological disease control and plant genetic engineering.

Plant pathogenic strains of Agrobacterium cause crown gall and hairy-root diseases. The abnormal cell proliferation of diseased tissues results from elevated plant hormonal levels within them. These levels are consequent upon the transfer of DNA portions (T-DNA) from Agrobacterium plasmids to host nuclei where they are integrated and where genes for hormone synthesis, borne on the T-DNA, are expressed in transformed host cells. This process has been exploited in plant genetic engineering by producing Agrobacterium mutants with deleterious genes removed from T-DNA, and with selected beneficial genes inserted in their place. Such mutants are able to infect and transform plants so that the beneficial genes are transferred to, and expressed in, the host plants, endowing them with desirable characteristics, including insect and disease resistance and herbicide tolerance. Biological control of Agrobacterium disease has been achieved using non-pathogenic Agrobacterium strains which produce an antibiotic specifically inhibitory to Agrobacterium pathogens. Use of one of these biocontrol strains is the first instance of a genetically engineered micro-organism being released commercially.

DNA Mutational Analysis↗
PubMed2025

Through the lens of bioenergy crops: advances, bottlenecks, and promises of plant engineering.

Advances in engineering of bioenergy crops were driven over the past years by adapting technological breakthroughs and accelerating conventional applications but also exposed intriguing challenges. New tools revealed rich interconnectivity in the exponentially growing and dynamic 'big' omics data' of metabolomes, transcriptomes, and genomes at previously inaccessible magnitude (global, cross-species, meta-) and resolution (single cell). Insights enabled fresh hypotheses and stimulated disciplines such as functional genomics with discovery of broad regulatory networks and their determinants, that is, DNA parts, including promoters, regulatory elements, and transcription factors. Their rational design, assembly into increasingly complex blueprints, and installation into diverse chassis is an existing frontier that may benefit from emerging technologies to address bottlenecks. Interweaving nature-inspired to fully synthetic parts has already allowed building of fine-tuned regulatory circuits, or new-to-nature metabolic routes insulated from the biological context of the chassis species. Similarly, developments and the evolving need for unifying principles in plant transformation and species-agnostic technologies highlight future opportunities for engineering the next generation of bioenergy plants.

Crops, Agricultural↗
PubMed1989

[Social impact of cerebrovascular disorders in a large engineering plant 1982-1986].

The authors analyzed the incidence of cerebrovascular diseases (dg. 430-438) in an industrial population in 1982-1986. The morbidity from cerebrovascular diseases associated with temporary or permanent work incapacity had during the investigation period a slightly rising trend which was more marked in manual male workers above 50 years of age. Strokes are the cause for granting invalidity pensions in cca 4%. In general cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases account for cca 21% of invalidity pensions. In the register of cerebrovascular attacks the incidence of strokes was roughly double in men as compared with women; it was on average 30 patients per year per 36,000 employees, i.e. cca 0.8%. Cerebrovascular attacks are in cca 70% associated with hypertension and the basis of almost three quarters of strokes is cerebral ischaemia. The trend of cerebrovascular diseases is unfavourable and depends above all on the control of hypertension in the population.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Genetic engineering in plants].

Until recent years, plant genetic was involved in heredity studies through the analysis of segregations in progenies after crossing. New potentiality arose as genetic tools with the use of dissociated plant elements, transforming and cultivating them in vitro. When plants are regenerated from manipulated tissues, new structures of varieties (clones) new genotypes (transgenic plants) and new regulations of genes expression (vitrovariants) open new ways for plant genetic engineering. Progressively these technological tools are integrated in the methods of plant breeding. Yet all possible consequences of these new types of heredity and of these new genetic structures must be evaluated. As first priority the analysis of possible incidences in the field of food, nutrition and health gives the basis for diagnostics and organisations aiming to avoid the release of genotypes which could have unwanted effects.

Biotechnology↗
PubMed1992

Novel applications of the ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway in plant genetic engineering.

One goal of plant genetic engineering is the manipulation of protein levels within crop plants. New insights into the ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway provide potential novel ways of enhancing levels of desired proteins by synthesizing them as ubiquitin fusions, and reducing levels of undesired proteins by selective protein degradation. As a result, the ubiquitin pathway should become a useful tool for many aspects of plant biotechnology.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2024

Genetic modification of the shikimate pathway to reduce lignin content in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) significantly impacts plant microbiomes.

UNLABELLED: Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is considered a sustainable biofuel feedstock, given its fast-impact growth, low input requirements, and high biomass yields. Improvements in bioenergy conversion efficiency of switchgrass could be made by reducing its lignin content. Engineered switchgrass that expresses a bacterial 3-dehydroshikimate dehydratase (QsuB) has reduced lignin content and improved biomass saccharification due to the rerouting of the shikimate pathway towards the simple aromatic protocatechuate at the expense of lignin biosynthesis. However, the impacts of this QsuB trait on switchgrass microbiome structure and function remain unclear. To address this, wild-type and QsuB-engineered switchgrass were grown in switchgrass field soils, and samples were collected from inflorescences, leaves, roots, rhizospheres, and bulk soils for microbiome analysis. We investigated how QsuB expression influenced switchgrass-associated fungal and bacterial communities using high-throughput Illumina MiSeq amplicon sequencing of ITS and 16S rDNA. Compared to wild-type, QsuB-engineered switchgrass hosted different microbial communities in roots, rhizosphere, and leaves. Specifically, QsuB-engineered plants had a lower relative abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Additionally, QsuB-engineered plants had fewer Actinobacteriota in root and rhizosphere samples. These findings may indicate that changes in the plant metabolism impact both AMF and Actinobacteriota similarly or potential interactions between AMF and the bacterial community. This study enhances understanding of plant-microbiome interactions by providing baseline microbial data for developing beneficial bioengineering strategies and by assessing nontarget impacts of engineered plant traits on the plant microbiome. IMPORTANCE: Bioenergy crops provide an important strategy for mitigating climate change. Reducing the lignin in bioenergy crops could improve fermentable sugar yields for more efficient conversion into bioenergy and bioproducts. In this study, we assessed how switchgrass engineered for low lignin impacted aboveground and belowground switchgrass microbiome. Our results show unexpected reductions in mycorrhizas and actinobacteria in belowground tissues, raising questions on the resilience and function of genetically engineered plants in agricultural systems.

Panicum↗
PubMed1990

Genetic engineering of plants for virus resistance.

Historically, control of plant virus disease has involved numerous strategies which have often been combined to provide effective durable resistance in the field. In recent years, the dramatic advances obtained in plant molecular virology have enhanced our understanding of viral genome organizations and gene functions. Moreover, genetic engineering of plants for virus resistance has recently provided promising additional strategies for control of virus disease. At present, the most promising of these has been the expression of coat-protein coding sequences in plants transformed with a coat protein gene. Other potential methods include the expression of anti-sense viral transcripts in transgenic plants, the application of artificial anti-sense mediated gene regulation to viral systems, and the expression of viral satellite RNAs, RNAs with endoribonuclease activity, antiviral antibody genes, or human interferon genes in plants.

Base Sequence↗