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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

[3-D-irradiation planning based on the TOMOSCAN CX (Philips) computed tomograph. I. Principles of the CT-irradiation planning program. II. CT-irradiation planning for after-irradiation of breast cancer].

Actually CT-cross-sections are the best base for irradiation planning. Bases are represented to use CT-picture matrices of scanner TOMOSCAN CX (Philips) for irradiation planning. The direct application of CT-pictures is done in "off-line"-running with the magnetic tape set. For figuring on colour display and estimation of density matrix limits of Hounsfield values are given. Adjustment of the CT to take off scan planes requires a special work-regime for irradiation planning. Repair and use of defective CT-pictures are realized by input of specific outlines. In daily routine the output of sagittal dose distribution is most advantageous in form of a table. Application of this CT-irradiation planning system, being implemented on microcalculator K 1630, is shown for telecobalt irradiation of mammary carcinoma.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

Brainstorming: an application for programme planning in family welfare planning.

There have been many participatory devices developed and applied for programme planning in a variety of fields by the social scientists in the recent past, of which brainstorming is one. This device has been widely used in interpretive structural modelling to higher education programme planning, programme planning for housing in urban development, etc. Following these studies, application of brainstorming to develop a preliminary operational value system as a structural model for programme planning in Family planning was attempted. The products of a sequence of three sessions of approximately 5 hours each generated 39 needs, 28 alterables, and 22 constraints, all of which were used to set Family Planning objectives /34/. The objectives thus derived were used in building an intent structure to understand their priorities in plan formulation and eventual implementation.

Communication↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of high energy photon external beam treatment planning: project summary. Photon Treatment Planning Collaborative Working Group.

A three-year project for the "Evaluation of High Energy Photon External Beam Treatment Planning," sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, is summarized. The participants in this project were determined on a competitive basis and included staff from four institutions: Massachusetts General Hospital; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center; the University of Pennsylvania; and Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiation. This project built on the developments in three-dimensional anatomical and dose distribution reconstruction at these institutions and on the clinical guidance at these centers for quantitative evaluation of treatment plans. Protocols for acceptance of patients with lesions at eight different sites were developed and utilized. The technical methodology for interchange of treatment planning tapes, specifications for computerized tomography sections and their reconstruction, and the employment of dose-volume histograms of target regions and specified normal tissues and organs were all developed. Data were accumulated for tumor control probabilities (TCP) and for normal tissue complication probabilities (NTCP) for use in treatment plan design and evaluation. Several treatment parameters were studied as influenced by the availability of three-dimensional treatment planning and specific conclusions were reached.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

Role of inhomogeneity corrections in three-dimensional photon treatment planning. Photon Treatment Planning Collaborative Working Group.

The role of inhomogeneity corrections in three-dimensional (3-D) radiation treatment planning (RTP) was one of the issues addressed in a National Cancer Institute sponsored research contract. In eight selected disease sites, plans calculated with and without inhomogeneity corrections were compared. The one-dimensional Effective Path Length (EPL) method was used by all four participating institutions as the standard inhomogeneity correction method. However, the dose calculation algorithms were different, particularly in the treatment of blocking effects near the edge of the field. Evaluation tools such as dose-volume histogram, dose statistics, 3-D display of dose distributions and others were used in the comparison. Dose distributions were significantly altered by inhomogeneity corrections in the treatment plans for the lung tumors, and, to a lesser degree, for the breast and Hodgkin's diseases. Dose distributions for tumors of the head and neck region and in the abdomen were not significantly affected. The results should be regarded as particular to the EPL calculations. A treatment plan for the tumor of the larynx was calculated using both the EPL method and a 3-D scatter ray-trace Delta Volume method. For that particular site, inhomogeneity corrections were less important than correctly accounting for the effects of blockings on the scatter dose. Perturbations of electron transport were not accounted for by any of the methods used and not reflected in those sites where the effects were expected to be important. Fully quantitative evaluation of the role of inhomogeneity corrections in treatment planning requires an as yet unavailable all-encompassing accurate method of dose calculation.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Mental health services: utilization by low income enrollees in a prepaid group practice plan and in an independent practice plan.

Mental health services were included in a comprehensive package of benefits available to low income enrollees in a prepaid group practice plan (PGP) and in an independent practice plan (IPP) under the Seattle Prepaid Health Care Project. There were no out-of-pocket costs for enrollees. Utilization of services was studied for four years under conditions that might simulate universal entitlement. The analyses indicated that females used substantially more mental health services than males and that enrollees aged 20-44 used more services than those in other age groups. The prepaid group practice generally experienced higher utilization than the prepaid independent plan. Significant racial differences were evident with whites using more services than blacks and black males using strikingly few services. The prepaid independent plan was oriented toward physician providers and emphasized individual psychotherapy while the prepaid group practice employed a diversity of practitioners and therapeutic modalities. The data indicated that the per cent of enrollees using any mental health services was twice as great in the PGP as in the IPP. However, once access to the provider system was achieved, the number of services utilized was greater in the PGP. Inpatient services were also examined. A significantly higher proportion of IPP enrollees were admitted for inpatient care as compared to PGP enrollees. Finally, the cost of mental health services was less than ten per cent of total health service costs in both plans.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Teaching of pediatrics within the plan of studies for general medicine (plan A-36)].

In this article the author exposes some of the bases about the instruction program of General Integral Medicine (plan A-36); also, he compares the teaching aspects of pediatrics of this plan and the traditional plan, both carried out at the medical School of the National Autonomous University of Mexico. The author points out the best distribution of the pediatric aspects through the medical curriculum, which results in more effective teaching hours, besides, the application of the most current pedagogic and didactic technics in Plan A-36. Also the pediatric clinical practice is performed in more appropriate places and the relation between practice and theory shows more adequate equilibrium than the traditional plan.

Education, Medical↗
PubMed1990

Planning for primary health care: the case of the Sierra Leone National Action Plan.

The National Action Plan for Primary Health Care, a planning document of the Sierra Leonean Ministry of Health for the restructuring of the country's rural health services, is analyzed in its social, economic, and historical context. It appears to be an attempt of the national government to gain control over the highly devolved health care delivery system, but the state has neither the political will nor the power to achieve this goal. The utility of the document is therefore in doubt, which raises two important questions: Whose interests does this plan serve, and at whose cost?

Health Planning↗