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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Inhibitory effect of inositol hexasulfate and inositol hexaphosphoric acid (phytic acid) on the proliferation of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in vitro].

The monosaccharide substances inositol hexasulfate (IHS) and inositol hexaphosphoric acid (Phytic acid, IHP) were investigated for their antiviral effect on the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in vitro. In MT-4 cells IHS completely inhibited the cytopathic effect of HIV and the HIV specific antigen expression at a concentration of 1.67 mg/ml. IHP moderately inhibited both of HIV effects as mentioned above.

Antiviral Agents↗
PubMed2001

Influence of inositolhexaphosphori acid (phytic acid) on the copper distribution in tissues and the excretion of copper in rats.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the administration of phytic acid on copper (Cu) concentrations in several different rat tissues. The animals used were divided into three groups: Group A (received a diet supplemented with 2% phytic acid), group B (received a diet supplemented with 10% phytic acid) and group C (control). At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed and the concentration of copper was determined in the different tissues. Phytic acid significantly increased Cu concentration in the duodenum of the animals of both groups as well as in the lungs and blood of the animals of group A. The copper concentration was also increased in the uterus and bone of the animals of group B. On the other hand, the stomach copper concentration of the animals of both groups, the heart and lung copper concentrations of the animals of group B as well as the jejunum, colon and hair copper concentrations of the animals of group A were significantly decreased. Copper excretion through feces was significantly decreased in the animals of both groups, while the excretion through urine was not significantly affected by the administration of phytic acid. In conclusion, the administration of phytic acid can produce translocation and/or elimination of copper in various tissues of rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Antioxidant functions of phytic acid.

Phytic acid is a natural plant antioxidant constituting 1-5% of most cereals, nuts, legumes, oil seeds, pollen and spores. By virtue of forming a unique iron chelate it suppresses iron-catalyzed oxidative reactions and may serve a potent antioxidant function in the preservation of seeds. By the same mechanism dietary phytic acid may lower the incidence of colonic cancer and protect against other inflammatory bowel diseases. Its addition to foods inhibits lipid peroxidation and concomitant oxidative spoilage, such as discoloration, putrefaction, and syneresis. A multitude of other industrial applications are based on the antioxidant function of phytic acid.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Effects of n-tritriacontane-16,18-dione, curcumin, chlorphyllin, dihydroguaiaretic acid, tannic acid and phytic acid on the initiation stage in a rat multi-organ carcinogenesis model.

The modifying effects of the naturally occurring antioxidants n-tritriacontane-16,18-dione (TTAD), curcumin, dihydroguaiaretic acid (DHGA), chlorophyllin, tannic acid and phytic acid on the initiation stage in a rat multi-organ carcinogenesis model were examined in male F344 rats. Animals were initiated with two i.p. injections of 2,2'-dihydroxy-di-n-propylnitrosamine (DHPN), followed by two i.g. administrations of N-ethyl-N-hydroxyethylnitrosamine (EHEN), and then three s.c. injections of 3,2'-methyl-4-aminobiphenyl (DMAB) during the first 3 weeks. Starting 1 day before the first carcinogen application, groups of rats received diet containing one of the antioxidants (0.2% TTAD, the others at 1% each) until 1 week after the last carcinogen exposure. Surviving animals were killed and complete autopsies were performed at the end of week 36. Histological examination revealed no inhibitory effects in terms of the multiplicities and/or incidences of neoplastic lesions in any of the organs examined, other than a significant increase in seminal vesicle atypical hyperplasia observed in rats treated with tannic acid. Thus, the antioxidants, with the exception of tannic acid, did not show any modifying effects on the initiation stage in the present multi-organ carcinogenesis model and at the present dose levels applied.

Aminobiphenyl Compounds↗
PubMed2000

Origin and seed phenotype of maize low phytic acid 1-1 and low phytic acid 2-1.

Phytic acid (myo-inositol-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6-hexakisphosphate or Ins P(6)) typically represents approximately 75% to 80% of maize (Zea mays) seed total P. Here we describe the origin, inheritance, and seed phenotype of two non-lethal maize low phytic acid mutants, lpa1-1 and lpa2-1. The loci map to two sites on chromosome 1S. Seed phytic acid P is reduced in these mutants by 50% to 66% but seed total P is unaltered. The decrease in phytic acid P in mature lpa1-1 seeds is accompanied by a corresponding increase in inorganic phosphate (P(i)). In mature lpa2-1 seed it is accompanied by increases in P(i) and at least three other myo-inositol (Ins) phosphates (and/or their respective enantiomers): D-Ins(1,2,4,5,6) P(5); D-Ins (1,4,5,6) P(4); and D-Ins(1,2,6) P(3). In both cases the sum of seed P(i) and Ins phosphates (including phytic acid) is constant and similar to that observed in normal seeds. In both mutants P chemistry appears to be perturbed throughout seed development. Homozygosity for either mutant results in a seed dry weight loss, ranging from 4% to 23%. These results indicate that phytic acid metabolism during seed development is not solely responsible for P homeostasis and indicate that the phytic acid concentration typical of a normal maize seed is not essential to seed function.

Electrophoresis↗
PubMed1986

[Phytic acid and cereals and cereal products. I: Phytic acid and phytase in rye and rye products].

Phytic acid in food is considered to be responsible for a reduced bioavailability of essential dietary minerals; its detrimental effects can be diminished by hydrolysis with phytase during processing. The average phytic acid content was 8.18 mg/g and 3.44 mg/g and average phytase activity was 3.7 U/g and 2.6 U/g in rye kernels and in flour (Type 997, 1.09 ash content), respectively. Phytate and Phytase were about equally distributed between the two kernel halves (cross sections). During the early stages of germination (3 days) phytase activity did not change, and phytic acid content was reduced to 67%. After milling most of the phytic acid and phytase activity were found in the bran fractions. It is concluded that substrate and enzyme are present in the same kernel structures but separate within the cells. Cooking of ground rye caused a phytate hydrolysis which was the more effective 1.) the smaller the particle sizes were, 2.) the more water was added, and 3.) the longer phytase worked at optimum temperature. Extrusion cooking of the rye whole flour at up to 100 degrees C did not influence the phytic acid level but caused a 23% reduction at 170 degrees C. Phytase activity was reduced by 80% by extrusion cooking at 80 degrees C.

6-Phytase↗
PubMed2001

Expression of D-myo-inositol-3-phosphate synthase in soybean. Implications for phytic acid biosynthesis.

Phytic acid, a phosphorylated derivative of myo-inositol, functions as the major storage form of phosphorus in plant seeds. Myo-inositol phosphates, including phytic acid, play diverse roles in plants as signal transduction molecules, osmoprotectants, and cell wall constituents. D-myo-inositol-3-phosphate synthase (MIPS EC 5.5.1.4) catalyzes the first step in de novo synthesis of myo-inositol. A soybean (Glycine max) MIPS cDNA (GmMIPS1) was isolated by reverse transcriptase-PCR using consensus primers designed from highly conserved regions in other plant MIPS sequences. Southern-blot analysis and database searches indicated the presence of at least four MIPS genes in the soybean genome. Northern-blot and immunoblot analyses indicated higher MIPS expression and accumulation in immature seeds than in other soybean tissues. MIPS was expressed early in the cotyledonary stage of seed development. The GmMIPS1 expression pattern suggested that it encodes a MIPS isoform that functions in seeds to generate D-myo-inositol-3-phosphate as a substrate for phytic acid biosynthesis.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2000

Strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from sour doughs degrade phytic acid and improve calcium and magnesium solubility from whole wheat flour.

Five strains of lactic bacteria have been isolated from sour doughs and examined for their ability to degrade phytic acid. In white flour medium in which phytic acid was the only source of phosphorus, the disappearance of phytate and an elevation of inorganic phosphate were observed after only 2 h of incubation in all strains tested (-30 and +60%, respectively). Both phenomena correspond to phytate breakdown. No difference was observed in the levels of phytic acid hydrolysis among strains, suggesting that phytase enzymes are similar among these bacteria. Using whole wheat flour medium naturally rich in phytic acid in the presence of Leuconostoc mesenteroides strain 38, a 9 h fermentation established that the degradation of PA and the production of lactic acid lead to greater Ca and Mg solubility than in control medium.

Bread↗
PubMed1998

Effects of phytic acid on renal stone formation in rats.

The effects of phytic acid and phytic acid/zinc mixtures on renal urolith development in an animal model of nephrolitiasis were studied. Male rats were divided into four groups of 15, 10, 10 and 12 rats each. The rats of Group I were treated with ethylene glycol; of Group II with ethylene glycol plus zinc; of Group III with ethylene glycol phytic acid; and of Group IV with ethylene glycol plus a mixture of phytic acid/zinc. Urine analysis (24 h) was carried out to determine the levels of calcium, oxalate, citrate, zinc and phytic acid in each group. At the end of the experiment all kidneys were removed and examined macroscopically and microscopically for possible crystal/stone locations and the total calcium amount in the renal papillary tissue was evaluated. In the rats treated with the aqueous phytic acid and phytic acid/zinc mixture, the number of calcifications on the papillary tips and the total calcium amount of the papillary tissue were significantly reduced compared with the controls treated exclusively with ethylene glycol or ethylene glycol plus zinc. Consequently, phytic acid and mixtures of phytic acid/zinc may be a useful agent in the treatment of patients with calcic urolithiasis.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Phytic acid interactions in food systems.

Phytic acid is present in many plant systems, constituting about 1 to 5% by weight of many cereals and legumes. Concern about its presence in food arises from evidence that it decreases the bioavailability of many essential minerals by interacting with multivalent cations and/or proteins to form complexes that may be insoluble or otherwise unavailable under physiologic conditions. The precise structure of phytic acid and its salts is still a matter of controversy and lack of a good method of analysis is also a problem. It forms fairly stable chelates with almost all multivalent cations which are insoluble about pH 6 to 7, although pH, type, and concentration of cation have a tremendous influence on their solubility characteristics. In addition, at low pH and low cation concentration, phytate-protein complexes are formed due to direct electrostatic interaction, while at pH > 6 to 7, a ternary phytic acid-mineral-protein complex is formed which dissociates at high Na+ concentrations. These complexes appear to be responsible for the decreased bioavailability of the complexed minerals and are also more resistant to proteolytic digestion at low pH. Development of methods for producing low-phytate food products must take into account the nature and extent of the interactions between phytic acid and other food components. Simple mechanical treatment, such as milling, is useful for those seeds in which phytic acid tends to be localized in specific regions. Enzyme treatment, either directly with phytase or indirectly through the action of microorganisms, such as yeast during breadmaking, is quite effective, provided pH and other environmental conditions are favorable. It is also possible to produce low-phytate products by taking advantage of some specific interactions. For example, adjustment of pH and/or ionic strength so as to dissociate phytate-protein complexes and then using centrifugation or ultrafiltration (UF) has been shown to be useful. Phytic acid can also influence certain functional properties such as pH-solubility profiles of the proteins and the cookability of the seeds.

Biological Availability↗
PubMed1994

Modification of N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine-initiated urinary bladder carcinogenesis in rats by phytic acid and its salts.

The effects of dietary phytic acid and its salts on the promotion stage of two-stage urinary bladder carcinogenesis were examined. Male F344 rats were initiated by exposure to 0.05% N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine in the drinking water for 4 wk, and then treated with basal diet containing a 2% supplement of phytic acid (PA), phytic acid dodecasodium salt (Na-PA), phytic acid dodecapotassium salt (K-PA), phytic acid hexamagnesium salt n-hydrate (Mg-PA) or no added chemical for 32 wk. Na-PA significantly increased the development of preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the urinary bladder. K-PA also brought about a tendency for increase in papillomas, whereas Mg-PA and PA were without effect. Both Na-PA and K-PA caused elevation of urinary pH, and Na+ or K+ concentration, respectively. These results confirm the promoting activity of the sodium salt of phytic acid for urinary bladder carcinogenesis and indicate modulation by urinary components, as demonstrated by increases in urinary pH, and Na+ concentration.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Hydrolysis of phytic acid by intrinsic plant and supplemented microbial phytase (Aspergillus niger) in the stomach and small intestine of minipigs fitted with re-entrant cannulas. 3. Hydrolysis of phytic acid (IP6) and occurrence of hydrolysis products (IP5, IP4, IP3 and IP2).

Hydrolysis of phytate in the stomach and the small intestine as influenced by intrinsic plant (wheat) and supplemented microbial phytase (Aspergillus niger) were investigated with six minipigs (40-50 kg initial body weight) fitted with re-entrant cannulas in the duodenum, 30 cm posterior to the pylorus (animals 1, 4, 5 and 6) and ileocecal re-entrant cannulas, 5 cm prior the ileocecal junction (animals 1, 2 and 3), respectively. Dietary treatments were as follows: (1) diet 1, a corn-based diet [43 U phytase/kg dry matter (DM)]; (2) diet 2, diet 1 supplemented with microbial phytase (818 U/kg DM); and (3) diet 3, a wheat-based diet (1192 U/kg DM). At 07 30 h and 19 30 h, each animal was fed 350 g diet mixed with 1050 ml de-ionized water. Digesta were collected continuously and completely during a 12-h period after feeding. Mean hydrolysis rates of IP6 in the stomach as measured at the proximal duodenum of animals 1, 4, 5 and 6 were 9.0, 77.2 and 66.2% for diet 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Microbial phytase was much more effective in phytate hydrolysis than wheat phytase. Mean IP6 hydrolysis rates of the respective diets in the stomach and small intestine as measured at the distal ileum of animals 1, 2 and 3 were 19.0, 62.6 and 64.6% and were lower than treatment means of the stomach only. Differences existed between experimental animals with respect to their ability to hydrolyse IP6 in the stomach independent of the presence and source of dietary phytase. Considerable amounts of hydrolysis products occurred in both the duodenal and ileal digesta when diets 2 and 3 were fed; however, only traces were determined after ingestion of diet 1. Independent of dietary treatment, four IP5 isomers were detected, but in different amounts.

6-Phytase↗
PubMed2001

Effects of phytic acid and xanthotoxin on growth and detoxification in caterpillars.

Phytic acid is abundant in the fruits and seeds of many plants and is found in foliage to a lesser extent. Among its several properties, phytic acid is a potent chelator of essential minerals and proteins; thus, the possibility exists that heme-based enzymes such as cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in herbivores are detrimentally affected by phytic acid via chelation of dietary iron. Mortality, growth performance, and P450-mediated metabolism of xanthotoxin, a plant allelochemical, were examined in the presence of phytic acid in three lepidopteran species: a polyphagous seed-feeding species (Heliothis virescens), a polyphagous foliage-feeding species (Trichoplusia ni), and a species oligophagous on immature reproductive structures of two genera of Apiaceae (Depressaria pastinacella). While first instar H. virescens experienced no increase in mortality after 120 hours on a diet containing 1% phytic acid compared to a control diet, both T. ni and D. pastinacella experienced virtually complete mortality over the same time period. Ultimate instars of all three species experienced reductions in relative growth rates (RGR) and relative consumption rates (RCR) in the presence of phytic acid, although the only species to experience reduced digestive efficiency (ECI) was H. virescens. Cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of xanthotoxin was reduced 60% in the presence of phytic acid in D. pastinacella, although metabolism remained unaffected in the two noctuids. These studies suggest a defensive function of phytic acid in addition to its primary functions of phosphorus storage, energy storage, and cell wall precursor source.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Protective effect of phytic acid on oxidative DNA damage with reference to cancer chemoprevention.

Phytic acid (myo-inositol hexaphosphate) is one of the most promising cancer chemopreventive agents. We investigated the mechanism by which phytic acid expresses preventive action to cancer. Phytic acid inhibited the formation of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine in cultured cells treated with an H2O2-generating system, although it did not scavenge H2O2. Site-specific DNA damage by H2O2 and Cu(II) at GG and GGG sequences was inhibited by phytic acid, but not by myo-inositol. Phytic acid alone did not cause DNA damage and thus, it should not act as a prooxidant. We conclude that phytic acid acts as an antioxidant to inhibit the generation of reactive oxygen species from H2O2 by chelating metals, resulting in chemoprevention of cancer.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1983

Formation of [3H, 32P]phytic acid in germinating wheat.

Doubly labeled phytic acid of high specific activity was prepared by incubating whole wheat seeds with [32P]phosphoric acid and [3H]myoinositol for 48 h and purifying by anion-exchange chromatography on AG 1- X 8 resin. Both degradation and synthesis of phytic acid were inhibited by KF to a similar extent, yet the catabolic and anabolic pathways involved distinctly different enzyme systems, as no [3H, 32P]myoinositol tetra- or pentaphosphate could be detected.

Chromatography, Ion Exchange↗
PubMed1996

Faecal phytic acid and its relation to other putative markers of risk for colorectal cancer.

AIMS: Phytic acid, a major constituent of cereals, pulses, and seeds has been advocated as an important antioxidant component of dietary fibre that affords possible protection against colorectal cancer. This is supported by experimental studies showing it has antineoplastic activity in animal models of both colon and breast cancer. To date the concentration of faecal phytic acid in human clinical groups has not been evaluated. Therefore the faecal phytic acid content of adenoma patients drawn from a placebo controlled calcium intervention trial was evaluated. METHODS: Phytic acid was measured in faecal extracts by an improved ion-pair high performance liquid chromatography method. RESULTS: Phytic acid was detected in the range 0.68-4.00 mumol/g wet faeces and 55-2038 mumol/day. Linear regression analyses showed no association between stool phytic acid and lipid content. Strong correlations were seen, however, between phytic acid and iron content, both on a concentration (r = 0.52; p = 0.00004) and daily excretion (r = 0.76; p = 5.5 x 10(-12) basis. Phytic acid was also strongly correlated with the daily excretion of calcium (r = 0.59; p = 1.36 x 10(-6) and magnesium (r = 0.42; p = 0.001). Cell proliferation in the sigmoid colon, an intermediate biomarker of colorectal cancer was not significantly associated with faecal phytic acid, minerals or lipid content in this compromised clinical group. CONCLUSIONS: This improved method, developed for the determination of phytic acid in faeces should allow further studies on the role of phytic acid in the aetiology of colorectal cancer to be conducted on a population or case control basis.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1991

Effects of phytic acid on the myoglobin-t-butylhydroperoxide-catalysed oxidation of uric acid and peroxidation of erythrocyte membrane lipids.

Phytic acid stimulated the myoglobin-t-butylhydroperoxide (TBHP)-catalysed oxidation of uric acid, but inhibited the peroxidation of erythrocyte membrane lipids induced by the same system. Butylated hydroxytoluene, a free radical chain reaction-terminating antioxidant, also suppressed the myoglobin-TBHP-induced lipid peroxidation. Moreover, phytic acid inhibited the hydroxyl radical-induced degradation of deoxyribose, but the extent of inhibition in this system was reduced by increasing the ferric ion concentration, suggesting that these effects of phytic acid on the myoglobin-TBHP-mediated oxidation are more likely attributable to its metal chelating properties rather than to a free radical scavenging action. The effectiveness of phytic acid, a naturally occurring antioxidant, in the inhibition of both iron- (as previously shown) and myoglobin-dependent lipid peroxidation suggests its possible therapeutic application as a non-toxic antioxidant for ameliorating the extent of oxy-radical-mediated myocardial ischemia/reperfusion damage.

Erythrocyte Membrane↗