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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Phonetically mediated recall in the phonetically disordered child.

Children with phonology disorders frequently show reduced performance in short-term recall, inviting the assumption that impairment of memory may cause or help to cause the speech disorder. Ten children with marked phonology disorders were compared to 10 correctly speaking children on a test of short-term memory for sets of pictures whose names rhymed or did not rhyme. The phonologically disordered children performed significantly worse than those with correct speech and provided less evidence of phonetic mediation, a process commonly associated with enhanced levels of recall. Attention is drawn to the possibility that the disorder of phonology operated indirectly to reduce the efficiency of memory, though the question is complicated.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

Visual and phonetic memory in preschool children: evidence for coding flexibility.

This study examined visual and verbal (phonetic) memory coding in 22 preschool children 4 to 5 yr. of age. A major goal was to determine whether these children would code visual items phonetically during input in a short-term memory task as older children and adults often appear to do. Items to be remembered were visually presented letters that varied in visual as well as phonetic similarity. Subjects labeled each letter during presentation, and serial recall was probed either visually or verbally. Recall scores were analyzed according to planned individual comparisons and a 4-factor analysis of variance: probe modality (visual, verbal) X visual similarity (low, high) X phonetic similarity (low, high) x serial position (1, 2, 3, 4). Data indicated (1) a significant detrimental effect of high phonetic similarity for subjects whose recall was probed verbally, (2) a significant facilitating effect of high visual similarity, and (3) significant interactions indicating differential effects of phonetic similarity and probe modality on the serial position curve. These findings suggest flexibility of coding in children of the age range tested.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Auditory and phonetic levels of processing in speech perception: neurophysiological and information-processing analyses.

Two new experimental operations were used to distinguish between auditory and phonetic levels of processing in speech perception: the first based on reaction time data in speeded classification tasks with synthetic speech stimuli, and the second based on average evoked potentials recorded concurrently in the same tasks. Each of four experiments compared the processing of two different dimensions of the same synthetic consonant-vowel syllables. When a phonetic dimensions was compared to an auditory dimension, different patterns of results were obtained in both the reaction time and evoked potential data. No such differences were obtained for isolated acoustic components of the phonetic dimension or for two purely auditory dimensions. Together with other recent evidence, the present results constitute additional converging operations on the distinction between auditory and phonetic processes in speech perception and on the idea that phonetic processing involves mechanisms that are lateralized in one cerebral hemisphere.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1977

[Segmentation and phonetic classification by the DAWID system (author's transl)].

The DAWID speech recognition system, which is briefly described in this paper, performs an acoustical analysis which in some respect can be compared with a phonetic transcription. The limitations of this comparison are discussed. The segmentation and phonetic classification performance of the system is investigated on the basis of 5,520 spoken words (46 different one- and two-syllable words, 12 male speakers). The system performance is examined with the aid of varying classes of speech sounds embedded in different phonetic context. The results indicate that the DAWID system reliably transforms some classes of speech sounds into sequences of symbols, the elements of which represent 'quasi-allophonic' sound classes.

Classification↗
PubMed1979

Intelligibility in acquired dysarthria--a neuro-phonetic approach: three case studies.

A descriptive framework of phonetic parameters for the assessment of dysarthric speech is presented. The phonetic parameters examined are based on a linguistic analysis of aspects of continuous speech. The assessment thus evaluates the functional efficiency of the speech producing mechanisms in encoding the spoken medium of language. The interaction of the deviant parameters is related to the breakdown of intelligibility. Possible underlying neurological correlates are discussed. The implications for therapy using the combined phonetic and neurological information are considered. This assessment procedure is illustrated with case studies of three types of acquired dysarthria.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Auditory versus phonetic accounts of observed confusions between consonant phonemes.

The utility of phonetic features versus acoustic properties for describing perceptual relations among speech sounds was evaluated with a multidimensional scaling analysis of Miller and Nicely's [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 27, 338-352 (1955)] consonant confusions data. The INDSCAL method and program were employed with the original data log transformed to enhance consistency with the linear INDSCAL model. A four-dimensional solution accounted for 69% of the variance and was best characterized in terms of acoustic properties of the speech signal, viz., temporal relationship of periodicity and burst onset, shape of voiced first formanant transition, shape of voiced second formanant transition, and amount of initial spectral dispersion, rather than in terms of phonetic features. The amplitude and spectral location of acoustic energy specifying each perceptual dimension were found to determine a dimension's perceptual effect as the signal was degraded by masking noise and bandpass filtering. Consequently, the perceptual bases of identification confusions between pairs of syllables were characterized in terms of the shared acoustic properties which remained salient in the degraded speech. Implications of these findings for feature-based accounts of perceptual relationships between phonemes are considered.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Phonetic features in young children's slips of the tongue.

The form in which phonological information is stored in the lexical entries of young children, and how this form changes over time, are questions which are difficult to address, given the limitations of current methodologies. However, slips of the tongue made by young children can be used to shed some light on the question. Earlier research (Stemberger, 1989; Jaeger, 1992) has shown that children as young as 1;7 (one year seven months) make slips in which single consonants or single vowels are substituted or exchanged, implying segmental organization in phonological representations. In the present paper, a corpus of 366 consonant substitutions and reversals made by young children, aged 1;7-6;0, are subjected to a multidimensional scaling analysis, and are shown to be governed by patterns of phonetic similarity, indicating that these segments have phonetic structure. A feature system based on the scaling procedure is found to be somewhat different from one generated by van den Broecke and Goldstein (1980) from adult errors, especially in manner features. While both adults and children err on the 'place of articulation' feature most often, and 'nasality' least often, children produce 'voicing' feature errors less often than adults do, indicating that voicing may be a more important organizing principle for young children than for adults. Some age-related trends in number and type of feature errors are discussed.

Articulation Disorders↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Phonetic results of velopharyngoplasties. Apropos of 67 cases].

The phonetic results of velopharyngoplasty depend on the anatomical conditions of velopharyngeal reconstitution. But this is not the only condition and the results are variable depending on the degree of phonetic disorders and their longstandingness. The latter therefore account for a certain number of bad results whatever the surgical technique used.

Cleft Palate↗
PubMed1975

[Surgical procedures in cleft-palate patients, with reference to phonetic function: primary and secondary methods (author's transl)].

Surgeons undertaking the closure of cleft lip and cleft palate must develop a therapeutic technique that will give the best possible phonetic results and cause the minimum disturbance to normal growth of the maxillae in each case. Clinical observations reveal that different operative procedures achieve normal phonetic function in 60-80 percent of cases. The author has observed the best results when patients have been operated on for cleft lips at 4-6 months of age and for cleft palate at 2-3 years. If nasal speech persists after a cleft-palate operation, a secondary pharyngoplasty can be undertaken in the preschool period, with favorable results in about 70 percent of cases.

Child↗
PubMed1978

[Detection of phonetically significant nonuniformity by the high frequency slope of the spectrum of a synthetic vowel].

Conditions for perception of phonetically relevant ununiformity at high frequency slope of the spectrum of synthetic noise--excited vowel were studied with the aid of psychoacoustic technique. The threshold for detection of high frequency spectral peak did not depend on the properties of the stimulus spectrum in low frequency region. The detection threshold could be influenced by spectrum properties near the peak location. The data obtained are inconsistent with the hypothesis of identification of spectral peaks with formants being the intermediate procedure in phonetic interpretation of the vowel.

Humans↗
PubMed1975

Phonetic considerations of chromium alloy palates for complete dentures.

Two useful approaches for the construction of dentures with a chromium alloy palate have been described. The phonetic considerations were recognized, and allowances were made for their vital role when determining the palatal contours of both the metal and plastic portions of the denture base.

Chromium Alloys↗
PubMed1976

Processing two dimensions of nonspeech stimuli: the auditory-phonetic distinction reconsidered.

Nonspeech stimuli were varied along two dimensions--intensity and rise time. In a series of speeded classification tasks, subjected were asked to identify the stimuli in terms of one of these dimensions. Identification time for the dimension of rise time increased when there was irrelevant variation in intensity; however, identification of intensity was unaffected by irrelevant variation in rise time. When the two dimensions varied redundantly, identification time decreased. This pattern of results is virtually identical to that obtained previously for stimuli that vary along a linguistic and a nonlinguistic dimension. The present data, taken together with those from other studies using the same stimuli, suggest that the mechanisms underlying the auditory-phonetic distinction should be reconsidered. The results are also discussed in terms of general models of multidimensional information processing.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1977

Perceptual, semantic and phonetic aspects of elementary language processes in split-brain patients.

Patients with total forebrain commissurotomy were examined on three tests of elementary linguistic ability. We found that the right hemisphere was dominant for the visual recognition of words when no semantic or phonetic decoding was required. The left hemisphere assumed control of behaviour when written words had to be matched semantically to pictures, though the right hemisphere was also competent at this task. On a test of rhyming, the left hemisphere was not only dominant, but was vastly superior to the right which displayed little, if any, ability. We suggest that the two hemispheres are basically differentiated with respect to their generative, constructive capacities in language, as in other functions of intelligence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Selective anchoring and adaptation of phonetic and nonphonetic continua.

A series of four experiments compared the effects of unequal probability anchoring and selective adaptation on phonetic and nonphonetic judgments. The basic stimulus series was a synthetic stop consonant continuum ranging from /b/ to /d/. On this continuum were superimposed covariations in fundamental frequency, intensity or vowel. In each experiment subjects listened to identical test tapes under two judgment conditions: place of articulation, and pitch or loudness or vowel judgments. The two types of judgment were significantly dissociated under both anchoring and adaptation paradigms, thus demonstrating that the former may be no less selective than the latter. From this and other evidence, it was concluded that the two paradigms are, in principle, equivalent, and that the main factors in speech adaptation effects are peripheral fatigue and central auditory contrast. If the selective processes of fatigue and contrast are taken to reflect functional channels of analysis rather than the operation of feature detectors, the same broad processes can be seen at work in both speech and nonspeech adaptation.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Dissolutive and non-dissolutive elements in the phonetic disorders of aphasia patients].

The authors, by proceeding on the view that only part of the pathological phenomena may be satisfactorily explained by Jackson's theory of dissolution, have made an analysis of phonetic disorders (sound exchanges) for ten patients with sensory aphasia and mixed aphasia which is a mixture of motor and sensory aphasia. The results of preliminary studies of the ontogenetic occurrence of Bulgarian sounds in the development of the child's language were taken as a base for distinguishing dissolutive from non-dissolutive sound exchanges. It has been found that 36% and 64% of the sound exchanges were dissolutive and nondissolutive, respectively.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1976

[Phonetically balanced lists for children from six to 10 years].

Two French-Canadian phonetically balanced lists, for children from six to 10 years, have been tried experimentally on a population of 100 children. The results indicate that they are equivalent to the French lists and can be used for speech discrimination testing.

Child↗