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Results for “Personality Disorders”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Personality disorder in transcultural perspective.

Personality disorder constitutes one of the most controversial diagnostic categories within clinical psychiatry. Explosive and antisocial personality disorders in particular are central to this controversy. The difficulties for diagnosis encountered when clinician and patient belong to different socio-economic classes are seen to be magnified in the transcultural situation, when cultural and language variables are superimposed. The diagnosis of personality disorder among Australian Aborigines is reviewed, and the face validity of some prevalence rates is challenged. An examination of the terms for anger and aggression used by a Central Australian tribal Aboriginal group demonstrates that Aborigines differentiate them both quantitatively and qualitatively. This facility is seen as providing psychiatrists with a method for enhancing diagnosis of personality disorder in both clinical and epidemiological settings.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Personality disorders in patients with panic disorder].

The relationship between personality disorders and panic disorder in adults is analyzed in this study. The patients included in this work presented anxiety disorder with agoraphobia and were compared with a group of normal controls. The percentage of patients with personality disorder was 46% significantly higher than those encountered in the control group (16%). The existence of these disorders do not seem to modify the severity of panic disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Classification of personality disorder.

An interview schedule was used to record the personality traits of 130 psychiatric patients, 65 with a primary clinical diagnosis of personality disorder and 65 with other diagnoses. The results were analysed by factor analysis and three types of cluster analysis. Factor analysis showed a similar structure of personality variables in both groups of patients, supporting the notion that personality disorders differ only in degree from the personalities of other psychiatric patients. Cluster analysis revealed five discrete categories; sociopathic, passive-dependent, anankastic, schizoid and a non-personality-disordered group. Of all the personality-disordered patients 63 per cent fell into the passive-dependent or sociopathic category. The results suggest that the current classification of personality disorder could be simplified.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Justification for separating schizotypal and borderline personality disorders.

Siever and Gunderson (1979) have questioned the decision to separate Schizotypal Personality Disorder from Borderline Personality Disorder in DSM-III. The justification for this separation rests not on genetic evidence, but rather on the relative independence of the behavioral characteristics of two dimensions that up to now have both been referred to with the appellation "borderline." We believe that this separation provides the tools with which investigators may usefully study the interaction of genetic and environmental factors as they relate to personality and the major psychiatric disorders. The benefits of this separation are already apparent in that research investigators are now using two terms to describe different phenomena, when previously they were using the single term borderline. Proposed diagnostic criteria for Schizotypal Personality Disorder and Borderline Personality Disorder are appended.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1976

[Systematics and differentiation of personality disorders in children and adolescents with behavioral disorders].

The author discusses some problems of systematization and differential diagnoses of personality disorders which are accompanied by disturbances of behaviour in children and adolescents. An original classification of personality disorders and transient personality reactions in childhood and adolescence is proposed. Special attention is paid to the criteria of delineating pathological and nonpathological forms of personality disorders and personality reactions in this group of children as well as to the differential diagnosis of constitutional and organic psychopathy. On the other hand residual-organic psychopath-like conditions and psychogenic pathocharacterological personality development are analyzed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Drug treatment of the personality disorders.

Many people with well defined borderline and schizotypal personality disorders may benefit considerably from small doses of neuroleptics. Depression that occurs with personality disorders, which is frequent, responds poorly to tricyclics but may respond better to neuroleptics, while the response to ECT is usually short lived. Selected borderline subjects may respond to MAOIs, particularly where there is a history of childhood hyperactivity. Carbamazepine and lithium may help some individuals with episodic behavioural dyscontrol and aggression, even in the absence of epileptic, affective or organic features. Drug treatments can be combined with psychotherapy, but further placebo-controlled trials are needed to clarify which drugs are most useful, and whether there are any useful clinical predictors of drug responsiveness.

Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic↗
PubMed1979

Reliability of a schedule for rating personality disorders.

The inter-situational, inter-rater and temporal reliability of a schedule for rating personality disorders is described. In an initial study with a simplified form of the schedule in patients from different wards of a psychiatric hospital inter-situational reliability between raters was higher for patients with personality disorders than with no personality disorder. Using the full schedule, inter-rater reliability, using audiotaped and separate interviews, and temporal reliability at interviews conducted a mean of 12.5 months apart all reached a satisfactory level, suggesting that the schedule may be a useful instrument for measuring deviant personality traits. The interview may be used with a subject or an informant but agreement between ratings made with informants and psychiatric patients during illness was low, and the schedule is not recommended for use with patients alone during acute episodes of illness.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

The clinical characteristics of personality disorder subtypes in Naval service.

The clinical importance of personality disorder subtypes was evaluated through an analysis of the demographic characteristics and outcomes for 11,549 navy enlisted men who received a primary diagnosis of a character and behavior disorder. Men with similar demographic characteristics serving in similar environments and demonstrating grossly similar clinical pictures received different diagnoses and dispositions in the various hospitals studied. Within any 1 hospital over the 4 study years, while demography of character and behavior disorder patients remained stable, diagnostic breakdowns and administrative and outcome characteristics varied markedly. The data are thus consistent with the hypothesis that diagnostic subtypes for personality disorders have limited clinical and prognostic meanings. The label may reflect the idiosyncratic preference of a particular physician at 1 point in time as much as the clinical picture or prognosis of the patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Personality disorder and parietal lobe dysfunction.

An inability to relate transitionally is a major feature of personality disorder. The developmental independence of transitional relatedness from verbal-symbolic growth, its orienting function, and the nature of its visual and tactile components support the conclusion that it is a function of the nondominant parietal lobe. Therefore it can be hypothesized that dysfunction of this area is the cerebral analogue of personality disorder. The fact that unawareness of illness ("anosognosia") in conjunction with grossly intact intellectual function is common to both personality disorder and minor parietal lobe dysfunction further supports this hypothesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Obsessional personality disorder and remembering.

Patients suffering from obsessional personality disorder (anankasts) have been described as possessing 'superior memories', because of the detailed precision of their accounts. At the same time, such classical phenomena as doubt, checking and rumination imply faulty recall. This paradox is discussed, and some predictions drawn from a hypothesis regarding the cognitive charactteristics of obsessional disorder. Findings are presented which indicate that, by comparison with matched psychiatric controls, anankasts do not excel in the long-term recall of factual information or meaningful anecdotal material. But they show the following mnemonic features: (a) Superiority of immediate memory span, reflecting high levels of attention. (b) Superior recall of ambiguous anecdotal material, reflecting a tendency to the pointless 'rehearsal' of such material. (c) Weak redintegration in personal reminiscence. It is suggested that anankasts' doubts about their remembering refer not so much to the correctness of what is being recalled as to the quality of the recalling itself.

Compulsive Personality Disorder↗
PubMed1977

WAIS performances in antisocial personality (disorder).

In the present study, the WAIS performances of subjects with antisocial personality disorder were compared with the performances of controls, who had other personality disorders and had usually only occasional criminality. It appeared that in all subtests the age-scaled scores of the controls were higher than those of the subjects. Statistically significant differences emerged in subtests Information, Comprehension and Arithmetic of the Verbal Scale, and in the picture Completion subtest of the Performance Scale, as well as in the Verbal, Performance and Total IQ. In the light of these results, one fundamental feature in antisocial personality could be the lack of general interest and intellectual curiosity, which is probably associated with a poor ability to "feel" (inadequacy of feelings of pleasure) in those predisposed to antisocial personality.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Automated classification of MMPI profiles into psychotic, neurotic or personality disorder types.

A Fortran program has been developed which can objectively classify Minnesota Multiphasic Inventory (MMPI) profiles as being psychotic, neurotic, personality disorder, or indeterminate types. The method used is a set of configural rules, 'Henrichs' rules for males'. The only input data required are K-corrected T scores, which are the end product of standard scoring techniques. To automate these rules it was necessary to rewrite them so that all decisions were the result of arithmetic comparisons or logical tests using only and, or and not. In particular, examination of the Welsh code, which many rules required, had to be stimulated by the use of several sorted arrays. The program has been carefully tested and is in the use in our computer lab.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗