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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Personality development as a lifelong process and consequences for promoting personality development in advanced age].

The paper explains the fact, that personality development mainly depends on the requirements of life activity and derives possibilities for promoting development in old age. These possibilities are primarily seen in forming such life conditions and requirements of activity, which grant latitude for autonomous acting and deciding to the aged as much and as long as possible as well as encourage them to use it, thereby helping them to maintain or regain every kind of autonomy and activity still possible.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Psychopathology and development: II. Childhood experiences and personality development.

Concepts and empirical findings are reviewed with regard to personality development and to the role of childhood experiences in that process. It is concluded that personality development cannot be reduced to the stabilisation of behavioural traits, to the production of a fixed personality structure or to the acquisition of social-cognitive skills, although there is some form of personality organisation in terms of habits, attitudes, concepts and styles of behaviour. Personality development takes place in a social context, with both continuities and discontinuities stemming from maturational and experiential factors and interactions between them. Chains of indirect linkages result from complex patterns of circular processes involving reciprocal interactions between children and their environments. No single mechanism is responsible and no one theory provides an explanation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Relationships between personality development, interpersonal perception and communication in parents of schizophrenics, psychiatric controls and normal subjects.

Employing a family interaction paradigm, the psychodynamic development of personality (Consensus Spouse-Rorschach, CSR), mutuality in interpersonal perception (Interpersonal Perception Method), and feedback mechanisms in communication (the Confirmation-Disconfirmation Coding System) were investigated. The subjects were 66 parents (33 couples) whose offspring were as follows: 12 schizophrenics (RDC, DSM-III, DSM-III-R), 12 with other mental disorders, and 9 subjects with no mental disorder. Communication was observed in 2 situations, using CSR and the Colour Conflict Method. Feedback mechanisms in parent communication, previously found to be associated with offspring mental disorder, were associated both with lack of mutuality in interpersonal perception and low personality development. Lack of mutuality was associated with low parent personality development. The results emphasize the usefulness of monitoring both parent personality development (family structure), mutuality in interpersonal perception (family phenomenology), and communication (family behaviour) when assessing interaction in families of patients with severe mental disorder. They also point to a need for theoretical integration between the different concepts of family interaction of different clinical and theoretical traditions.

Communication↗
PubMed2000

Personal memory telling and personality development.

Although personal memories have been appreciated by psychologists for nearly a century, their significance for personality development has tended to be relegated to internalized representations of early childhood experiences. Recent research, however, suggests that adolescence and early adulthood are the most memorable parts of the life span and perhaps the broadest period of memory telling. This article integrates recent work in cognitive and developmental psychology into a framework for studying how and why tellers proffer and make sense of momentous emotional events, and how families and friends collude in self-making. Promising areas for future research include individual differences in readiness for memory telling, gendered ecologies of memory telling, the developmental significance of parents' stories, and reconciling personal memories and personality traits. Personal memory telling is not just for fun and entertainment, but, more important, drives social and emotional development in concrete moments of social life.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1984

Personality development after physical abuse.

Personality development after child abuse was studied in 39 children who had, on average, been admitted to hospital five and a half years previously. In contrast to a control group, the abused children had fewer friends, lower ambitions, and lower self esteem. They were more serious, shy, and subdued on a personality assessment and were more likely than the control children to have behaviour disturbances recorded on a questionnaire for teachers. Their mothers also noted a higher incidence of behaviour disorders than mothers of control children. Child abuse has long term effects on the personality development of children. A long term, child centred approach is needed for abused children to try to prevent some of the sequelae.

Child↗
PubMed1993

Using neural networks to model personality development.

A neural network approach to modeling the development of personality traits through social learning is presented. From the more general model the special case of a network mapping four situation dimensions (input neurons) into seven dimensional personality traits (output neurons) is described. This network is allowed to learn with input/output sets representing conditions suspected of leading to a borderline personality disorder. The network's ability to learn these pattern pairs is demonstrated. The trained network is then presented with new input (situational) patterns and is shown to respond to these new situations with output patterns consistent with a borderline personality disorder. The neural network model is thus shown to have important advantages over other personality models in that it can predict what situations will produce shifts in personality traits, for example from active to passive. This model provides a quantitative and reproducible framework within which to discover and test theories of personality development. It is hoped that it will extend our ability to predict human behavior.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Personality development and the dually diagnosed person.

Researchers in mental retardation have traditionally focused on cognitive aspects of the disorder and ignored social and personality factors. One consequence is that little attention has been paid to the mental health of mentally retarded persons. The argument is made that the personalities of mentally retarded persons are affected by the same factors that impact upon the personalities of nonretarded persons. The life experiences of mentally retarded persons, however have been shown to lead to personalities that are often characterized by overdependency on others, low aspiration levels, and outerdirected problem-solving styles. These personality characteristics are implicated in the high rate of mental unhealth in mentally retarded persons. Finally, the value of extending the developmental approach to the study of psychiatric problems in mentally retarded persons is discussed.

Child↗
PubMed2006

Appraisal, assessment and career development for doctors in training: the Mersey Deanery personal development portfolio.

OBJECTIVES: To develop a robust valid and exportable appraisal and assessment process for doctors in training which is portfolio based and works at all hospitals within the deanery. It is called the personal development portfolio. DESIGN: For every senior house officer, there was a recorded meeting with his or her supervisor, at the beginning, midterm and at the end of the post. An outside assessor witnessed the exit assessment meeting. SETTING: The Wirral Hospital, a District General Hospital with 72 senior house officers in 10 different specialties was used as a pilot site to develop the process. Then the process was exported and implemented at the other 12 trusts of the deanery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Records were kept of the induction, midterm and exit assessment meetings. A record was kept of the number of senior house officers succeeding and failing at their exit assessments. Also, the number promoted to the specialist registrar grade was recorded. RESULTS: The process was performed every 6 months on 11 occasions between 2000 and 2005. It involved 72 senior house officers in 10 different specialties. On each occasion, participation usually exceeded 70%: 623 were appraised and assessed and 609 of them (97.8%) had satisfactory exit assessments. For 14 doctors (2.2%), the process identified a cause for concern, which was usually accepted by the doctor and sometimes allowed remedial action to be taken. Twenty-six (4.2%) were promoted to the specialist registrar grade in this period. The process also identified the strengths and weaknesses of the senior house officer posts in the 10 different specialties that had such posts, and was used to encourage good medical teaching practice in them. Over 4 years, we exported the process to all the other 12 Trusts in the Mersey Deanery. Once established, the process was easy to use for both trainees and trainers, although it was time consuming. CONCLUSIONS: It was possible to develop and implement a portfolio based appraisal and assessment process, which was accepted by senior house officers and their trainers in all specialties at all hospitals within the deanery. Now that the senior house officer grade has been superseded by the Foundation and the training grade years, the principles of the personal development portfolio are being used to appraise and assess doctors in these grades too.

Career Mobility↗
PubMed1998

Temperament, activity, and expectations for later personality development.

Temperament is assumed to be the biologically based, emotional core of personality. Adult personality is presumed to emerge developmentally from temperament. One mechanism that may link temperament to subsequent personality development involves caregiver expectancies. Stability in personality may be associated with caregiver expectancies about the meaning of temperament-based behavior. The expectancies, in combination with implicit theories of personality development, support stability and patterned change. This multimethod study examined the relations among motor activity differences, temperament, and expectations about future personality characteristics in preschool children. It was hypothesized that motor activity and temperament differences would be linked to teachers' expectations about later personality development. The hypothesis that expectations about such links would be moderated by the sex of the child was also examined. Outcomes generally corroborated hypotheses. Results are discussed in terms of personality development and age-related adaptations to social contexts.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1976

[Effect of diabetes mellitus on a personality development disorder - and its influence on the course of the disease].

Is there an influence of diabetes mellitus on a neurotic development of personality - that is the question of the present research. And specially: Are there special problems in interaction with the patient, who suffers on diabetes mellitus? We strictly have to make a distinction between the somato-psychic and psycho-somatic approach: The influence of diabetes mellitus in development of personality means, that there is an influence of somatic factors on the psyche. The influence of an neurotic personality on formation and development of diabetes mellitus means, that there is an influence of psychological factors on the soma. This difference often will be ignored. Oralic needs also can be the consequence of somatic disorders, and do not have to be originate exclusive from childhood - even if psychoanalytic oriented colleagues will contest this fact.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Various aspects of the pathogenesis and treatment of hysterical neurosis and hysterical neurotic personality development].

The authors studied 53 patients with hysterical neurosis and 66 with hysterical neurotic development of personality. Factors contributing to an unfavourable course of neurosis and its transformation into a hysterical development were elicited; clinical variants of the formation of the hysterical neurotic personality development are described. A study was carried out aimed at comparing the functions of the serotoninergic and cholinergic systems in patients with hysterical neurosis, hysterical development and hysteroid psychopathy at the stage of decompensation. An increase in the changes in these systems in the "neurosis-development-psychopathy" series and their time-course were defined in the process of treatment. On the basis of the clinical and laboratory data, a conclusion was drawn about the advantage of treating the hysterical development with phenothiazine drugs as compared with tranquilizers.

Acetylcholine↗