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Results for “Person-Centered Psychotherapy”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

A test of Sarbin's self-role congruency theory within a role-playing therapy analogue situation.

Explored the application of role playing, as a research technique, in a test of Sarbin's self-role congruency theory. Forty male Ss volunteered to play either the role of a therapist or client in a simulation of psychotherapy. The CPI dominance scale was used to select high dominant Ss to play the role of therapists. Half of these high dominant Ss were instructed in directive therapy (creating a self-role congruent condition with high dominance and directiveness being congruent) and half were instructed in non-directive therapy (creating a self-role incongruent condition). Judges' ratings were used to compare Ss' role playing ability and visible comfort between the self-role congruent and self-role incongruent conditions. The results supported Sarbin's theory of self-role congruence. These findings suggest methodological improvements in psychotherapy research via the use of role playing and have practical implications for the practice of psychotherapy.

Dominance-Subordination↗
PubMed1977

Culture-conflict and psychotherapeutic approach.

The world-view of a therapist is essentially determined by his own cultural milieu. This hypothesis was tested by involving four therapists from disparate cultural settings in an exercise of planning psychotherapy on the basis of the presentation of a clinical case of a patient treated by the author with a 'culturally relevant' therapeutic technique. The responses of the participants were compared with the process and outcome of the therapy actually carried out.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1975

Comparative studies of psychotherapies. Is it true that "everywon has one and all must have prizes"?

Tallies were made of outcomes of all resonably controlled comparisons of psychotherapies with each other and with other treatments. For comparisons of psychotherapy with each other, most studies found insignificant differences in proportions of patients who improved (though most patients benefited). This "tie score effect" did not apply to psychotherapies vs psychopharmacotherapies compared singly-psychotherapies did better. Combined treatments often did better than single treatments. Among the comparisons, only two specially beneficial matches between type of patient and type of treatment were found. Our explanations for the usual tie score effect emphasize the common components among psychotherapies, especially the helping relationship with a therapist. However, we believe the research does not justify the conclusion that we should randomly assign patients to treatments-research results are usually based on amount of improvement; "amount" may not disclose differences in quality of improvement from each treatment.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1978

[Physician-patient relations and their influence on the process of psychotherapy in neurotic patients].

Using specially elaborated experimental psychological methods the author studied conditions of formation of a psychotherapeutical contact between a doctor and a patient and its influence on optimum and affective psychotherapy of neuroses. A total of 100 psychotherapeutical diads (100 patients and 11 psychoptherapeutists) were studied. On the basis of the analysis of patients' aims two types of a standard of a doctor-psychotherapeutist according to emotional attitude to a patient were depicted: "co-suffering" and "emotionally neutral", and according to volitional qualities--"directive" and "nondirective". According to a role characteristic a doctor's standard was determined in two variants--an instructor and a partner. The patients' choice of an ideal doctor correlated with certain forms of neuroses. The analysis of the material allowed one to distinguish 3 main forms of a psychotherapeutical contact. The most affective in a psychotherapeutical relation were two forms of such a contact--"co-suffering partnersnip" and "co-suffering instruction".

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Relaxation therapy and high blood pressure.

Thirty-one patients receiving medical treatment for essential hypertension were randomly distributed into three groups: (1) relaxation therapy, (2) nonspecific therapy, and (3) medical treatment only. The nonspecific therapy group spent the same amount of time with the therapists as the relaxation group but was not given a specific therapy. Blood pressures were measured at a different time and in a different place from the behavioral treatments. The relaxation therapy group showed a significant reduction in blood pressure postreatment compared with the nonspecific therapy and medical treatment only groups, even when those patients whose medication was increased were excluded from the data analysis. At follow-up six months post-treatment, the relaxation group showed a slight decrement in treatment effects, while both the nonspecific therapy and medical treatment only groups showed continued improvement; thus, there was not a significant difference between groups.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1978

Psychotherapy preferences as a function of Ss' conceptual systems.

Examined the relationship between conceptual systems and preferences for behavioral or client-centered approaches to therapy. One hundred and forty college students were administered measures of their conceptual systems and of their therapy preferences; the latter included descriptions of the two therapies. Two weeks later, they were exposed to audiotaped excerpts of one of the two therapies and afterward indicated again their preferences between the two therapies. It was hypothesized that therapy preferences would be distributed nonrandomly across conceptual systems, with a greater proportion of persons in the more abstract systems who preferred client-centered approaches than in the more concrete conceptual systems. This hypothesis was supported at the .001 level. It also was found that therapy preferences were relatively stable, with very few Ss who actually changed their perferences after they had listened to the demonstration tapes.

Attitude↗
PubMed1979

Attraction to therapy and therapist credibility as a function of therapy orientation.

Exposed male and female Ss (N = 96) to psychoanalytic, behavioral, client-centered, or gestalt therapy, in the form of a brief written description and a 5-minute videotaped simulation. Attraction to therapy and various dimensions of therapist credibility were measured. The psychoanalytic presentation generated the greatest attraction and the greatest perceived total credibility. The gestalt presentation was next highest on these variables, followed by the behavioral and client-centered presentation. No significant effects for sex of S or sex by therapy approach interaction were reported. Explanations for and implications of these findings are discussed.

Attitude↗
PubMed1979

Verbal response modes and psychotherapeutic technique.

This paper presents a taxonomy of verbal response modes and applies that taxonomy to the verbal behavior of psychotherapists of three contrasting schools: client-centered, gestalt, and psychoanalytic. The taxonomy consists of a theoretically based set of classificatory principles that define a mutually exclusive and exhaustive set of modes. Its purpose is to describe dyadic verbal interaction comprehensively and quantitatively. Such description is a necessary first step in investigating the therapeutic effectiveness of different interaction styles.

Cognition↗
PubMed1977

Anxiety and the general practitioner--a psychotherapeutic approach.

Much of the general practitioner's work is concerned with emotional problems, yet his undergraduate training does not equip him adequately for this purpose. Four theories of personality, each of which has contributed to modern psychotherapeutic practice, are reviewed, with specific reference to their formulations on the causation and treatment of anxiety, and the application of each of these viewpoints to specific problems in general practice. Finally, a plea is made for much greater provision for the teaching of psychology (especially therapeutic psychology) in the undergraduate medical curriculum.

Anxiety↗