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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

The osteogenic capacity of tubular and membranous bone periosteum. A qualitative and quantitative experimental study in growing rabbits.

A standardized model has been designed to qualitatively and quantitatively study new bone formation from isolated periosteum in situ. A total of 117 operations were performed on the tibia and skull of 92 growing rabbits. For qualitative studies ordinary histological methods were used. Already after two weeks tibial periosteum had formed woven bone. After eight weeks cortical bone and bone marrow of normal amount and almost normal structure had regenerated. The bone formation from the skull periosteum started later and seemed to be lesser in amount and without woven bone as an intermediate stage. After 15 weeks a structurally normal calvarial bone had developed, except for the inner theca. Thus it was found that isolated tibial and skull periosteum in situ give rise to tubular and membranous bone respectively, suggesting an environmental influence. For quantitative studies the newly formed periosteal bone was removed, dried, weighed and ashed. The ashes were dissolved in HCl for spectrophotometric determination of total Ca content and this was used as a quantitative measure of bone amount. After 6-7 weeks tibial periosteum had produced normal quantities of cortical bone and 7 times more bone than the same area of skull periosteum. Calvarial periosteum was not potent enough to restore a skull defect completely. Surgicel which has been used clinically in periosteal repair of maxillary clefts, quantitatively was found to diminish bone formation considerably. The supposed capacity of bone marrow to promote bone formation was not demonstrated in this study.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Osteogenic capacity of periosteal grafts. A qualitative and quantitative study of membranous and tubular bone periosteum in young rabbits.

A standardized model, permitting only periosteal bone formation, has been applied for qualitative and quantitative studies on the osteogeneses from periosteal grafts. The periosteum from the tibia was grafted to the skull and vice versa. The investigation also included the study of periosteal bone formation combined with other osteogenic factors. A total of 78 operations were performed on the tibias and skulls of 43 growing rabbits. For qualitative studies ordinary histological methods were used. Tibial periosteal grafts to skull defects started bone formation already after 2 weeks and, via a very small amount of woven bone, compact bone and bone marrow was formed after 8-10 weeks. Combined epidural and subperiosteal bone formation gave a calvarial bone. Skull periosteal grafts to tibial defects started bone formation somewhat later, but, after more woven bone as an intermediate stage, the defect had healed with thick compact bone and bone marrow after about the same period. For quantitative studies the newly formed periosteal bone was removed, dry-weighted and ashed. The ashes were dissolved in HCl for spectrophotometric determination of total Ca content, which was used as a quantitative measure of bone amount. Tibial periosteum grafted to a calvarial defect halved its bone forming capacity but compared to the in situ skull periosteal potential, the capacity was tripled. This meant that the defect was completely healed. Calvarial periosteum was much less potent than was the tibial periosteum, when both were grafted to skull defects. However, when transplanted to a long bone defect the former increased its bone forming capacity 5 times compared to its original one as an in situ flap. Environmental functional demands seem to influence the type of bone formation and the final structure of the new bone. On the other hand, there are differences between long and membranous bone periosteum regarding the amount of bone formed.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Growth of transplants of rat humerus following circumferential division of the periosteum.

The growth of transplants of young rat humeri has been studied following circumferential division of the periosteum at either the proximal or the distal end of the shaft. Periosteal division resulted in bones that were longer than those in which the periosteum was not cut. Following proximal division the experimental bones grew 30% more at both ends than the control bones and 16% more at the proximal end following distal division. There was, however, no difference between the growth of the experimental and control bones at the distal end following distal division of the periosteum. The experimental humeri had less new subperiosteal bone deposited over their diaphyses than the control humeri. These findings support the view that the periosteum is under tension as a result of the activity of the growth plates, and that changes in periosteal tension affect both the growth in length and the deposition of subperiosteal bone.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

"Silver dust"--a tool to study growth interrelationships between bone, periosteum and muscle.

A cylinder of gelatin containing silver spongy granules was placed in and lay within the masseter muscle, the periosteum, and the mandible, and terminated in the medial pterygoid muscle of young (3 month-old) growing miniature pigs. On the basis of an animal sacrificed one week after placement of the cylinder, it was found that the suspending gelatin was removed by cellular activity. Nine months later the remaining animals were sacrificed. Periodic X-rays were taken during the course of the experiment. After sacrifice, the mandible and associated tissues were histologically examined. The results of this study suggest that the silver granules in the muscles maintained their location during growth; the silver granules in the mandible moved forward with mandibular growth. "Slippage" appeared to occur external to the fibrous layer of the periosteum; the site of movement was revealed by the trail of the silver granules. The described method should prove of value in studying the growth interrelationships between bone, periosteum, and muscle.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Role of periosteum on the fate of pedicle osteocutaneous grafts.

Recent studies on the fate of pedicle osteocutaneous grafts have shown that they remain viable and may be actively involved in the mechanics of bone repair. This communication reports on a series of experiments aimed to clarify the role of periosteum in the survival of pedicle-assisted bone grafts. Osteocutaneous grafts were developed in dogs in such a manner as to isolate the implant from normal recipient bone. Free bone grafts were used as controls and a group of pedicle periosteal grafts were studied as potential sources of bone formation. Specimens were evaluated at regular intervals over a 40-week period. The pedicle bone grafts maintained their viability and developed vigorous osteoneogenesis. The process was progressive and eventually resulted in partial substitution of the original graft by new bone of periosteal origin. The free bone grafts were resorbed and no bone formation was obtained in pedicle periosteum specimens. The study provides clear evidence that under experimental conditions no bone contact is needed to maintain the viability of pedicle osteocutaneous grafts. It also shows that the periosteum has the leading role in the restructuring process of these grafts.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Evidence for preferential effects of parathyroid hormone, calcitonin and adenosine on bone and periosteum.

In order to explore the distribution of hormone-responsive cells in skeletal tissues, we have examined the effects of synthetic bovine parathyroid hormone N-terminal peptide (bPTH 1-34) and salmon calcitonin (sCT) on cyclic AMP levels in periosteum-free rat calvaria, segments of periosteum, and in isolated cells dispersed from each tissue by collagenase digestion. Synthetic bovine PTH increased cyclic AMP levels to a greater degree in calvaria and in isolated bone cells than in the periosteal segments and cells, whereas sCT was more effective in the periosteal than in the bone systems. Primary cultures prepared from bone and periosteal cell populations exhibited progressive increases in their responsiveness to bPTH (1-34) and progressive decreases in responsiveness to sCT. After six days in the culture, bone cells failed to respond to sCT, and sCT did not modify their response simultaneously added bPTH (1-34). Six-day periosteal cell cultures exhibited residual sCT responsivity and an additive response upon simultaneous exposure to high concentrations of bPTH (1-34) and sCT suggesting separate sites of hormone action. Adenosine, a known stimulator of bone cell adenylyl cyclase, caused a greater increase in periosteal cell than in bone cell cyclic AMP. bPTH (1-34)-responsive cells which enrich periosteum-free bone may be osteoblasts, in view of their histological prominence in this tissue and in the bone cell isolates. Periosteal cells which responded to sCT and to adenosine preferentially are unidentified. Although periosteal segments contained numerous fibroblast-like cells, skin fibroblasts cultured from the same fetuses were sCT-insensitive. Growth in primary culture appears to alter the number of hormone-responsive cells or responsiveness of existing cells to each hormone, or both.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1978

Quantitative assessment of free gingival grafts with and without periosteum and osseous perforation.

Forty free gingival grafts were performed on 5 adult Rhesus monkeys as follows: 10 grafts were placed on recipient sites with periosteum; 10 grafts on periosteum and perforated cortical plate; 10 grafts on bared bone; and 10 grafts on perforated bared bone. All free autografts (7 X 5 X 1 mm) were taken from the palatal mucosa and were sutured in place. Clinical evaluation and photographs were taken at 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 weeks postoperatively. At 24 weeks, a device was used to measure quantitatively the amount of force necessary to pull the graft 2 mm away from the underlying bone. Biopsy of two grafts of each type were taken for histologic examination. The following conclusions were drawn: 1. There was no difference in the survival or healing pattern of grafts placed on periosteum and grafts placed on bared bone.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1979

[Tendinous fibers in the periosteum and bone].

The relation of muscles and bony skeleton studied in the work demonstrates a rather complex mechanism of connections existing between tendinous elements and periosteum and bone. Investigation on fixation of muscular tendons to the skeleton has demonstrated that in some cases tendinous filaments plait into the periosteum and terminate in it, while in other cases not all the tendinous filaments terminate at the level of the periosteum, but some of them penetrate into the bone. Thus, it has been demonstrated for the first time that tendinous filaments penetrate into the compact substance of the bone.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[In vitro study of the role of periosteum and the periodontal ligament in the bone repair process].

For the study of the role of periosteum and periodontal ligament in the phenomena of bone repair, fragments of palatal mucosa and maxillary or mandibular bone from adult rats and devoid of periosteum were cultivated in association. The survival went beyond 26 days. In the bone, the ligament side showed by the 12th day signs of osteogenesis, whereas the other side devoid of periosteal osteoblasts showed empty lacunea, as it is observed "in vivo".

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Prolonged In Vitro Expansion Shapes the Neuro-Supportive Potential of Jaw Periosteum Secretomes: Implications for Secretome Product Quality.

Nerve injuries are frequent complications of complex oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures, particularly following extensive tumor resections. Secretome-based, cell-free therapies derived from mesenchymal stromal cells have emerged as promising regenerative approaches; however, robust manufacturing requires the identification of critical quality attributes (CQAs) that ensure product potency and consistency. The influence of replicative senescence during in vitro expansion on the quality of jaw periosteum-derived mesenchymal stromal cell (JPC) secretomes has not yet been established. This study investigated whether the expansion state of JPCs affects the composition and neuro-supportive potency of their secretomes. Secretomes from four independent JPC donors were collected separately at early and late passages, pooled within each passage-specific preparation, and applied to human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons. Neuronal survival, neurite outgrowth, and neuronal marker expression were assessed as functional readouts. Secretome composition was characterized by quantitative proteomics and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of selected senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors. Secretomes derived from early-passage JPCs significantly enhanced neuronal survival and neurite outgrowth, whereas late-passage secretomes displayed reduced neuro-supportive activity. Proteomic profiling identified a pronounced shift toward inflammatory and stress-associated signaling, whereas performed ELISAs confirmed senescence-associated remodeling of the secretome, including increased abundance of SASP-associated factors in late-passage preparations. These findings demonstrate that prolonged in vitro expansion profoundly influences both the composition and biological potency of JPC-derived secretomes. Collectively, this study identifies the passage-associated senescence-like phenotype of JPCs as a key determinant of secretome quality and supports its consideration as a critical quality attribute for the manufacturing and standardization of JPC-derived secretome products. Monitoring and controlling the expansion state of JPCs may therefore be essential to ensure the consistency, potency, and clinical translation of secretome-based regenerative therapies.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dacryocystorhinostomy utilizing an anterior lacrimal sac flap to periosteum technique.

Dacryocystorhinostomy is used in the effective treatment of epiphora secondary to obstruction of the lacrimal drainage system. Common causes of obstruction include canalicular disruption, lacrimal sac fibrosis, and external and internal nasal trauma. Most techniques of dacryocystorhinostomy attempt to suture the lacrimal sac mucosa to the nasal mucosa. At best this is technically difficult, and the mucosa frequently tears. A technique is presented using an anteriorly based lacrimal sac pedicle flap sutured to the periosteum of the anterior lacrimal crest. The sutured flap is quite strong, and the procedure is technically simpler than others. A brief description of the causes of lacrimal obstruction is given. The Jones primary and secondary dye tests for lacrimal system patency are reviewed.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

[Comparative clinical and histological studies on keratinized and non-keratinized tissues transplanted onto the periosteum and the denuded alveolar bone].

Our clinical and histological investigations in humans and beagle dogs in a unilateral trial with free and pedicled grafts applied to the periosteum and to exposed alveolar bone established that from the clinical aspect it is better to place the graft on the exposed bone to obtain a firmly fixed base instead of a movable periosteal one.

Alveolar Process↗