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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Perioperative therapy for locoregional nonsmall-cell lung cancer.

Surgical therapy remains the treatment of choice for resectable nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the 5-year survival results of surgical therapy is 40-70%, which is far from acceptable. In this report, past results of perioperative therapies were reviewed to identify the future direction of effort in improving the therapy of NSCLC. Two perioperative modes of treatment that may possibly improve postsurgical survival were identified, i.e., neoadjuvant chemotherapy for resectable NSCLC and postoperative specific active immunotherapy.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1983

[Perioperative therapy in juvenile pheochromocytoma].

The article reports on the paediatric-anaesthesiological treatment of 6 phaeochromocytomas in 5 children who were 8 to 16 years of age. Therapeutic recommendations for the perioperative medication of infantile phaeochromocytoma patients are involved. The therapeutic aim of this study was the management of the effects of phaeochromocytoma before and after extirpation of the tumour, the effect of the phaeochromocytoma being of an alpha-adrenergic and beta-adrenergic cardiovascular nature and transmitted by catecholamines. Preoperative stabilization of blood pressure by means of the alpha-blocker phenoxybenzamine and a subsequent intraoperative, controlled reduction of blood pressure by means of sodium nitroprusside were found to be an effective, safe and easily appreciated therapeutic concept for the perioperative care of paediatric phaeochromocytoma patients. Considerable individual differences in dose an duration of the necessary preoperative phenoxybenzamine administration rendered ward control of therapy recommendable. The risk of complete alpha-sympathicolysis by additive drug effects during premedication and induction of anaesthesia, had to be taken into consideration for conducting phenoxybenzamine therapy. Additional administration of the beta-blocker pindolol successfully controlled the intraoperatively manifested tachycardial heart rhythm phases without provoking any complicating arrhythmias. During the entire perioperative treatment of the patients it is mandatory to ensure sufficient substitution of intravascular volume to prevent hypotensive complications. Our patients did not need any cardiac and sympathicomimetic drugs as postoperative administration. None of the patients had any perioperative complications worth mentioning.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Use of clonidine for perioperative therapy].

Clonidine is a selective alpha 2 adrenergic receptors agonist with a wide spectrum of activity. Except well known hypotensive effect, clonidine stabilizes circulatory system and has sedative, anxiolytic, analgesic, diuretic etc. activities. Clonidine has some appliance during perioperative period. When used in premedication it has a lot of advantages: causes sedation, has anxiolytic properties, reduces secretion of saliva, stabilizes circulatory system, diminishes stress reaction, augments action of anaesthetic and analgesic drugs. When used during the operation, regulates circulatory system, prolongs and amplifies central and peripheral blocks. Clonidine diminishes patients requirement for opioids and local anaesthetics during postoperative and long-term pain therapy.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1998

[Perioperative therapy--possibilities for rationalization].

The complexity of daily clinical work requires a sophisticated collaboration between surgery and anesthesiology, since both departments are interwoven in a unique way. This can be accomplished by a rational approach to the following topics: clear appointment of areas of competence respecting the principle of mutual trust, integration of anesthesiologists in the basic physical examination and proposal of case-oriented preoperative diagnostics, agreement on necessary preoperative therapy, common consultational meetings for outpatient surgery, recovery room availability, instruction of surgical personnel in specific pain therapy, availability of co-workers who are competent and willing to cooperate, no one-sided renunciation of clinical knowledge, ability or execution, no renunication of organizational or structural decision-making and no monopoly on perioperative medicine.

Humans↗
PubMed1998

[Perioperative therapy of HIV infections].

A meta-analysis of the literature demonstrates high operation complication rates in HIV-positive patients. Own experience connected with a general hospital in San Francisco, University of California, indicates that such an analysis provides the surgeon with the possibility of optimizing the treatment of HIV-positive patients in the perioperative phase.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1988

Assessment of the use of transfusion therapy perioperatively in patients with sickle cell hemoglobinopathies.

During the period of 1978 to 1986, 66 patients (31 men, 35 women) with a mean age of 28.4 years and various sickle cell hemoglobinopathies underwent 82 surgical procedures; 28 were emergencies. Fifty of the 66 patients had HbSS, 13/66 had HbSC, and 3/66 had HbS-thalassemia. All 66 patients received transfusions, although not for all procedures. In 48 patients, transfusion therapy was only administered preoperatively. Simple transfusions (1 to 10 units) were administered in 31 of 48 procedures. Exchange transfusions (1 to 6 units) were performed in nine of 48 procedures. Preoperative hematocrit ranged from 7.0% to 54.2%; of those receiving transfusions the hematocrit ranged from 22.6% to 53.7%. Intraoperative transfusions (1 to 10 units) were performed in 14 of 82 procedures; postoperative transfusions (1 to 6 units) were performed in 13 of 82 procedures. No advantage was noted in preoperative exchange transfusion as measured by a decrease in postoperative complications; a slight increase was seen in atelectasis in this group of patients with preoperative transfusions. An increase was reported in the complication rate of patients with an hematocrit of less than 30%. The type of transfusion (preoperative, intraoperative, or postoperative) administered did not appear to be related to postoperative morbidity rates. The complication rate for simple transfusions was 51.6% and for multiple transfusions, 55.6%. HbSS hemoglobinopathy had the higher complication rate. The hepatitis B surface antigen was demonstrated in four of 66 (6.1%) patients; ten of 66 (15.2%) developed alloantibodies. The benefits of transfusion therapy should be judged according to clinical needs; not all sickle cell patients need exchange or preoperative transfusion.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Perioperative therapy of von Willebrand disease. Demonstration of pathophysiology, clinical problems and therapy options using two case reports].

Von Willebrand disease (vWD) is the most widespread inherited bleeding disorder caused by quantitative or qualitative abnormalities of von Willebrand factor (vWF), an adhesive glycoprotein found in blood plasma and platelets and participating in primary and secondary/endothelium haemostasis as well. Although bleeding symptoms are often mild or moderate, patients with vWD represent a very heterogenous group with different phenotypes and a wide variability of the clinical pattern. In accordance with different defects of vWF, vWD is classified into various types and subtypes. This is illustrated by two case reports of patients with different types of vWD. Two main therapeutic options are available for the prevention and treatment of bleeding: desmopressin (DDAVP) and replacement therapy with plasma concentrates containing both factor VIII and vWF. DDAVP is the treatment of choice for most patients with type 1, representing about 80% of all patients with vWD. In patients with most types of type 2 and in all patients of type 3, DDAVP alone is ineffective or even contraindicated, and it is usually necessary to switch to plasma concentrates. Although treatment of vWD seems to be relatively simple in most cases, the exact diagnosis and phenotype characterization requires specialized or expert laboratory facilities. Furthermore, no reliable screening method for the diagnosis of vWD exists. Acquired vWD has similar clinical features and laboratory findings to the congenital forms and is mostly associated with lymphoproliferative or autoimmune disorders or neoplasia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Thrombotic complications related to discontinuation of warfarin and aspirin therapy perioperatively for cutaneous operation.

BACKGROUND: Aside from anecdotal reports, there are few data on the risk of thrombotic complications in patients in whom use of warfarin and aspirin is discontinued perioperatively for cutaneous operation. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to present a large case series of thrombotic complications resulting from this practice and to estimate the incidence of these events. METHODS: A total of 504 members of the American College of Mohs Micrographic Surgery and Cutaneous Oncology were surveyed regarding thrombotic complications when blood thinners were withheld perioperatively to ascertain the frequency of these complications and to describe associated morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: A total of 168 responding physicians reported 46 patients who experienced thrombotic events. Of these patients, 54% (25 of 46) experienced the event when warfarin was withheld and 39% (18 of 46) when aspirin use was discontinued. Thrombotic events included 24 strokes, 3 cerebral emboli, 5 myocardial infarctions, 8 transient ischemic attacks, 3 deep venous thromboses, 2 pulmonary emboli, and 1 retinal artery occlusion leading to blindness. Three deaths were reported. Calculation of incidence yielded an estimated thrombotic risk of 1 event per 12,816 operations, 1 in 6219 operations when use of warfarin was discontinued and 1 in 21,448 when aspirin was withheld. CONCLUSIONS: With no documented increase in severe hemorrhagic complications during continued use perioperatively of blood thinners, these data provide a compelling argument to maintain patients on medically necessary blood thinners during cutaneous operation. All relevant clinical facts must be weighed when making this decision.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Abdominal surgical wound infection is lowered with improved perioperative enterococcus and bacteroides therapy.

Perioperative antibiotics decrease surgical wound infection (SWI) in trauma patients requiring abdominal exploration. This investigation evaluated 24 hours of cefoxitin or ampicillin/sulbactam used for early therapy in such patients. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups. The primary endpoint evaluated was SWI, which was defined as purulent drainage or active wound treatment. Five hundred ninety-two patients were evaluated: 283 received ampicillin/sulbactam and 309 received cefoxitin. The incidence of wound infection among the ampicillin/sulbactam patients was 2% and among cefoxitin patients it was 7% (p < 0.004). The cefoxitin patients with colon injuries were analyzed (p < 0.007). The major difference between the two groups was an increased incidence of enterococcal infections in the cefoxitin-treated patients. A single broad-spectrum antibiotic given for 24 hour perioperatively effectively controls SWI. Use of ampicillin/sulbactam results in a significantly lower SWI rate than use of cefoxitin, which may be a result of improved enterococcal and Bacteroides coverage.

Abdomen↗
PubMed2005

Perioperative myocardial infarction--aetiology and prevention.

Perioperative myocardial infarction (PMI) is one of the most important predictors of short- and long-term morbidity and mortality associated with non-cardiac surgery. Prevention of a PMI is thus a prerequisite for an improvement in overall postoperative outcome. The aetiology of PMI is multifactorial. The perioperative period induces large, unpredictable and unphysiological alterations in coronary plaque morphology, function and progression, and may trigger a mismatch of myocardial oxygen supply and demand. With many diverse factors involved, it is unlikely that one single intervention will successfully improve cardiac outcome following non-cardiac surgery. A multifactorial, step-wise approach is indicated. Based on increasing knowledge of the nature of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, and in view of the poor positive predictive value of non-invasive cardiac stress tests, and the considerable risk of coronary angiography and coronary revascularization in high-risk patients, the paradigm is shifting from an emphasis on extensive non-invasive preoperative risk stratification to a combination of selective non-invasive testing and aggressive pharmacological perioperative therapy. Perioperative plaque stabilization by pharmacological means may be as important in the prevention of PMI as an increase in myocardial oxygen supply or a reduction in myocardial oxygen demand.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2005

Risk factors, medical therapies and perioperative events in limb salvage surgery: observations from the PREVENT III multicenter trial.

OBJECTIVES: Patients who require infrainguinal revascularization for critical limb ischemia (CLI) are at elevated risk for cardiovascular events. The PREVENT III study was a prospective, randomized, multicenter, phase 3 trial of edifoligide for the prevention of vein graft failure in patients with CLI. We examined the baseline characteristics, perioperative medical therapies, and 30-day incidence of major cardiovascular events in the PREVENT III cohort. METHODS: Demographics, medical and surgical history, mode of presentation for the index limb, procedural details, and concomitant medications were reviewed for all patients enrolled in PREVENT III (N = 1,404). Major adverse cardiovascular events, including death, myocardial infarction, or cerebrovascular event (stroke or transient ischemic attack) were tabulated. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to discern factors that were associated with the utilization of medical therapies and with perioperative events. RESULTS: Demographics and comorbidities reflected a population with diffuse, advanced atherosclerosis. Perioperative mortality was 2.7%, and major morbidity included myocardial infarction in 4.7% and stroke/transient ischemic attack in 1.4%. Among this population of CLI patients, 33% were not on antiplatelet therapy at study entry, and 24% were not receiving antithrombotics of any type. In addition, 54% of patients were not receiving lipid-lowering therapy, and 52% were not prescribed beta-blocker medications at study entry. On multivariate analysis, race was a significant determinant of antithrombotic utilization, with African-American patients less frequently treated both at baseline and discharge (adjusted odd ratios, 0.5 and 0.6, P < .0001). Antithrombotic and beta-blocker drug usage increased in the overall cohort from baseline (76% and 48%) to discharge (88% and 60%; P < .0001). Patients treated in a university hospital setting were more likely to be prescribed antiplatelet, lipid-lowering, and beta-blocker medications. Advanced age (>75 years), coronary artery disease (prior myocardial infarction or revascularization), and dialysis-dependent renal failure were associated with an increased 30-day risk of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. Protective effects of beta-blocker and lipid-lowering medications were noted in these defined subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: A significant percentage of the population that undergoes surgical revascularization for CLI is not prescribed therapies of proven benefit in reducing cardiovascular events. Utilization of antithrombotics and beta-blockers increases during hospitalization for limb salvage surgery but that of lipid-lowering therapy does not. African-American patients appear to be at greater risk for undertreatment with antithrombotics, and the data suggest that patients undergoing leg bypass surgery in a university hospital setting receive more comprehensive medical treatment of atherosclerosis. Treatment guidelines for medical therapy are needed to standardize care and improve outcomes for patients with CLI.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

[Errors and risks in perioperative thrombolysis therapy].

Until recently, perioperative thrombolysis has always been thought to be a contraindication, because of the risk of bleeding complications. However, many case reports now show that thrombolytic drugs can be successfully used in the perioperative period. Possible indications for perioperative thrombolysis are massive pulmonary embolism and cardiopulmonary resuscitation which are also important causes of cardiac arrest. Thrombolysis can be the decisive therapeutical option, e.g. when normal cardiopulmonary resuscitation measures are not successful. Nevertheless, even against the background of many positive case reports the indication for perioperative thrombolysis should be a case-specific decision as the frequency of complications depends on the surgical intervention and must be weighed against the possible benefits of early thrombolysis. For perioperative thrombolysis there are no data available showing a beneficial effect of one particular therapeutic regimen. In the literature it is suggested that thrombolysis should be performed as quickly as possible, because the risk of bleeding complications depends more on the duration of thrombolysis than on the dosage or the thrombolytic drug itself.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation↗