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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1986

Comparison of the Periodontal Index (PI) and Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN).

692 dental adults in the age ranges, 15-19, 20-29, and 35-44 yr, were assessed for their periodontal conditions and treatment needs using the Periodontal Index (PI) and Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN). The relative advantages and disadvantages of the two indices were evaluated as epidemiological screening procedures. The CPITN (which calls for examination of only 10 selected teeth) identified higher proportions of adults and teeth with a healthy periodontal condition and also those with periodontitis than the PI (which requires examination of all teeth). The proportion of adults and teeth with gingivitis as the worst condition was greater than when assessed by the PI. Evaluation of individual adult scores by PI and CPITN suggested that the CPITN, despite being a partial recording index only, is more sensitive in identifying existing periodontal conditions and treatment needs than the PI. This is explained by the clinical criteria and periodontal probe utilized in the CPITN. Although the original purposes of the PI and CPITN differ, it is proposed that as a epidemiological screening procedure for assessing periodontal treatment needs the CPITN is to be preferred to the PI.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Presence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans on the Community Periodontal Index (CPI) teeth in periodontally healthy individuals.

The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) located at Community Periodontal Index (CPI) teeth versus randomly selected teeth to determine if the CPI teeth are representative of this bacteria subgingival colonization in periodontally healthy young individuals. Forty-four individuals between 18 and 27 years of age were included in the study (mean age 23.11 +/- 2.91 years). Pooled subgingival plaque samples were collected with paper points from the mesio-buccal aspect of the CPI teeth (10 teeth for adults and 6 teeth for persons under 20 years of age) and transported in reduced Ringer's solution to the culture medium. Sixty days following the first microbial analysis, new pooled microbial samples were obtained from the mesio-buccal aspect of 10 or 6 randomly selected teeth. The presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans was determined using a selective culture medium. Microbiological data were assessed by the Wilcoxon test (p < 0.05). A border line significance (p=0.51) was observed between CPI teeth and randomly selected teeth in terms of detecting the subgingival occurrence of A. actinomycetemcomitans. CPI teeth showed to be representative of A. actinomycetemcomitans subgingival colonization. Therefore, these results suggest that in periodontally healthy young individuals, CPI teeth could be an appropriate source of samples for the subginginval detection of this pathogen.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Prevalence of periodontal disease in an active duty military population as indicated by an experimental periodontal index.

An experimental periodontal screening examination and index was used to measure the prevalence of gingivitis and periodontitis among 1,334 soldiers at Fort Knox, Kentucky. Although 12.1% of the subjects demonstrated no disease, 40.3% were found to have gingivitis. In this sample group, the occurrence of gingivitis decreased with increasing age. Early periodontitis (probing depths of 3-5 mm) was detected in 35.7% of the subjects, and subjects with moderate to advanced periodontitis (probing depths greater than 5 mm) comprised 11.9% of the sample. The screening exam used is suggested for use as part of each soldier's annual dental examination.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Changes in the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) after periodontal treatment in a general dental practice.

The result of a study of the effectiveness of treatment of chronic periodontal disease in a general dental practice using CPITN and the time required to treat patients with differing CPITN scores indicated that although there were significant reductions in calculus and shallow pockets, the treatment did not eliminate positive CPITN scores; 41% scored 1, 24% scored 2, and 34% scored 3 or 4 after treatment. Very few patients had 'healthy' periodontal sextants at the first visit; the most frequent CPITN category was 3. Patients in this category took up most of the treatment time. The treatment times per patient were much lower than the estimates of the World Health Organisation for similar treatments.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Community periodontal index of treatment needs and prevalence of periodontal conditions.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: In 1977, the World Health Organization (WHO) proposed a new index, the community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN) to evaluate the periodontal treatment needs of populations. The aim of this study is to compare different approaches of recording and presenting the CPITN. METHODS: A sample of 2110 subjects aged 35-44 years were examined between September 1994 and July 1995, throughout the province of Quebec, Canada. For each tooth (3rd molars excluded), the presence of bleeding and calculus, the level of epithelial attachment, and the depth of periodontal pockets were measured. Periodontal pocket depths were measured from the edge of the free gingiva, at 2 sites (mesiovestibular and vestibular), as well as all around the tooth. RESULTS: Only 8.5% of adults had at least one tooth with a 6 mm or deeper periodontal pocket when probing on 2 sites, whereas if probing is done all around the tooth, this percentage is 2.5x higher (21.4%). The partial recording of pocket depths (10 index teeth recommended by WHO, or 2 quadrants chosen at random) resulted in an underestimation of the prevalence of subjects with at least one tooth with a periodontal pocket (CPITN score 3 and 4). Among subjects with at least one tooth with a 6 mm or deeper periodontal pocket, 12% were not detected with the 10 index teeth recording, and 25% go undetected with the measure on 2 quadrants. Finally, using the % of subjects with periodontal pockets overestimates the prevalence of deep pockets compared with using sextants. Indeed, close to 30.0% of sextants have no treatment needs, whereas only 5.2% of subjects are in this category. Similarly, 7.7% of sextants have at least one tooth with a 6 mm or deeper periodontal pocket, yet there are 3x more subjects in this category (21.4%).

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Application of the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) in a population of young Brazilians.

Recently WHO has launched an index for assessing the periodontal treatment needs of a population in terms of resources required. This Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs was applied in 308 Brazilian 15-yr-old schoolchildren from a population with a high prevalence of periodontitis. The results showed that all subjects needed some kind of care. Totally, 4133 time units were required. Most of the time needed was for motivation and instruction in oral hygiene, and scaling. Several individuals assigned for complex treatment due to pockets deeper than 5.5 mm showed no signs of radiographic bone loss, and in the cases with bone loss, the lesions were few and small. The CPITN therefore seemed to overestimate the need for treatment in this young population. To overcome this problem, it was suggested that complex treatment should not be included in planning of systematic periodontal care for young populations, and that subjects with true periodontal lesions should be given priority in community programs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Validity of the "Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs" (CPITN) for population periodontitis screening.

The aim of the present study was to validate two versions of CPITN for periodontitis diagnosis. A sample of 400 individuals underwent full mouth periodontal examination including Clinical Attachment Loss, Periodontal Pocket Depth, and Sub-gingival Calculus. Full and partial CPITN versions were derived from this exam (gold standard). Contingency tables were constructed and operational characteristics obtained, as well as ROC curves. The results show 58% sensitivity for full CPITN and 80.6% specificity. Positive and negative predictive values were 87% and 46.3%, respectively. According to the test, estimated periodontitis prevalence was 46%, while the figure obtained with the gold standard was 69%. The partial version of the CPITN showed 50% sensitivity and 87.1% specificity. Positive and negative predictive values were 89.6% and 43.9%, respectively. Estimated periodontitis prevalence, through partial CPITN, was 30.5%. Adjusted global agreement (kappa) for partial and full CPITN was 0.32 and 0.29, respectively. Both CPITN versions disagreed significantly with gold standard results (chi-square p < 0.001). As a conclusion, both total and partial CPITN failed to reflect the real periodontal status of the sample.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

A simplified periodontal screening examination: the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (WHO) in general practice.

Chronic periodontal disease presents a unique challenge to the dental profession, not only in its recognition, diagnosis and treatment, but also in public and patient education. Epidemiologic surveys may place the prevalence of the chronic gum diseases at the highest levels but the public has accepted the most obvious sign, bleeding, as 'normal' and only in the later stages of the disease is treatment demanded. Thus dental practitioners must be the first to recognize periodontal disease and then must persuade the patient to take personal action and to seek professional assistance. In the past decade there have been many changes in periodontal concepts. A more conservative basis to treatment and to general management is now well accepted, with disease control rather than cure as the major objective, and regular maintenance a necessity. Disease activity is the primary criterion by which both dentist and patient should recognize and monitor periodontal treatment needs. The use of current concepts to introduce a simple specific and realistic screening and monitoring examination is introduced. It utilizes the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) developed by the Oral Health Unit of WHO in 1981. This index, designed for population surveys, has been adapted for use in general practice. Examples drawn from a 1-year trial are presented and it will be seen that the Index provides meaningful information to both dentist and patient, an immediate indication of treatment needs and a method of monitoring progress.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Comparative phorogrammetric studies on a periodontal index].

Reproducibile results are difficult to obtain with subjectively recorded periodontal indexes. The information acquired via such indexes therefore may be called into question. Inflammation of the gingiva was induced in 15 subjects. The degree of gingival swelling was determined via monophotogrammetry; the degree of inflammation, with the PMA index which emphasizes the symptom "swelling". The results were compared and discussed. It is highly probable that the PMA index is subjectively overrated.

Female↗
PubMed1992

The effect of a combination of chlorhexidine diacetate, sodium fluoride and xylitol on plaque wet weight and periodontal index scores in military academy cadets refraining from mechanical tooth cleaning for 7-day experimental periods.

45 subjects participated in a double-blind cross-over mouthwash study where a new tablet-form combination of chlorhexidine, fluoride and xylitol (XYLIHEX) was studied together with solutions of chlorhexidine (CHX) and sodium fluoride (NaF). The preparation XYLIHEX was developed as a dental chemotherapeutic that could easily be added to the soldiers' kit to be used under circumstances where practising normal oral hygiene habits is restricted. For comparative purposes, XYLIHEX was prediluted in this study to make a solution. Before starting, professional prophylaxis was given to the subjects to bring their gingivitis index scores as close to 0 as possible. The subjects refrained from mechanical tooth cleaning for three 7-day test periods. Plaque wet weight and periodontal index scores were recorded before and after the test periods. The results showed that the preparations XYLIHEX and CHX did not statistically differ from each other in reducing plaque wet weight values and the recorded periodontal index scores. Both these preparations were statistically highly significantly more effective antiplaque agents than NaF, as expected.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Application of the community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN) in a group of 45-54-year-old German factory workers.

The purpose of the present study was to assess the periodontal status of 45-54-year-old patients and to evaluate their treatment needs. Probing depths, bleeding on probing and retentional elements (calculus and overhanging restorations) were determined according to the community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN). Additionally, loss of attachment was measured. Results indicated that none of the subjects had a completely healthy periodontium; only 14.7% presented with single sextants which were healthy or needed only improved oral hygiene. Slightly less than half (46.1%) of the subjects were classified as treatment need (TN) category 2 and the remainder (53.9%) as TN3. Of the subjects classed as TN category 3, 14% had the requisite code 4 in one sextant, 18.2% in 2 sextants, 21.7% in half or more of the sextants and 4.2% in all sextants. With a mean of 5.55 sextants per patient, 0.2 sextants per person were scored as code 0 or 1, 1.33 sextants as code 2, 2.79 sextants as code 3 and 1.24 sextants as code 4. The mean loss of attachment was 3.8 mm. Anterior teeth showed less loss of attachment than posterior teeth and buccal and lingual surfaces showed less loss of attachment than mesial and distal surfaces. The data indicate that although this group of 45-54-year-old subjects had high CPITN scores in total TN categories, the codes for complex Treatment Needs (TN3) were recorded only in localized areas.

Dental Calculus↗
PubMed2002

[Review of currently used periodontal indexes].

Several commonly used indices to assess periodontal and dental health are reviewed. A comparison is made between the different methods of scoring the signs, symptoms and etiologic factors of periodontal diseases.

Dental Plaque Index↗