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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Retention of central visual field in retinitis pigmentosa.

According to Kanski, roughly one in four patients with retinitis pigmentosa retains visual acuity adequate for reading, although the electroretinogram may be extinguished and the visual field constricted to 2 to 3 degrees (whether diameter or radius is not stated). Under the age of 20 years, an acuity as poor as 6/60 is relatively uncommon, whereas over the age of 50 years such an acuity becomes common. Heckenlively comments that by the end of the 4th decade of life, most males with X-linked retinitis pigmentosa have vision reduced to hand motion or light perception. Women tend to be less severely affected than men: in a study by Bird, only 3 of 48 female heterozygotes had an acuity of less than 6/9, whereas only 8 of 28 hemizygous males had an acuity of 6/9 or better. I thought it would be instructive to analyze the visual field data for a female patient who, although she had suffered considerable loss of peripheral vision, is continuing to function visually quite well.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Latex gloves and manual dexterity. A study of 50 Midwest dentists.

Fifty practicing dentists were each given a series of tests to perform in their own offices with and without gloves on to determine how the use of gloves affected the performance of dental operations. While wearing gloves did not appreciably influence speed, it significantly reduced manual dexterity and light touch perception. And there was a high correlation between wearing gloves and hand dermatitis. Increased age was associated with a slight loss in speed and dexterity but not light touch perception. Women produced better scores than men in all tests.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Rumor, misinformation and oral contraceptive use in Egypt.

Rumor and misinformation about oral contraceptives continue to prevail in much of Egypt. This study tests the hypothesis that rumor involvement can have a negative and independent impact on pill usage by focusing on a common misbelief that the pill causes 'weakness'. The data comes from a 1981-1982 national self-weighted sample survey of 3283 currently married men and women dealing with family planning and mass media behaviors. The analyses confirm that rumor involvement decreases the probability of current or future pill use by previous users and by those who have never used it. Correct knowledge about the pill is shown to enhance pill usage as do other determinants such as social support for birth control and the desire for no more children. The importance of providing strong contraceptive education programs giving deeper consideration to contraceptive and related health beliefs in delivering fertility regulation services is highlighted.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Parental reactions to the onset of adolescence.

This paper documents the common changes associated with the onset of puberty and examines parents' reactions to these changes. Nine hundred questionnaires were sent to the parents of sixth and seventh graders (11-13 years old) in four communities. The questionnaire requested information on the perception of recent behavioral changes and the parents' emotional responses to them. Four hundred parents responded. Parents reported significant changes, both positive and negative, in their children in the year prior to the study. Reported changes were not significantly related to community locations, demographic or education variables, and, with one exception, to the sex of the child. First-born children were perceived more negatively and generated more negative feelings in parents. Younger parents (less than or equal to 38 years of age) perceived more negative changes and experienced more negative and anxious feelings toward their children than did older parents (greater than or equal to 39 years). These findings suggest that a primary cause of stress for parents with children in this age group may be a lack of knowledge about the developmental process. Physicians may be able to reduce the stress by providing anticipatory guidance to parents about the physical growth and psychologic aspects of early adolescence.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rural women and power in Pakistan.

Perceptions of power in women living in rural villages in Pakistan were explored. The Lee-Hezekiah Power Perception Scale was developed by the authors to measure women's perception of their power. The instrument was administered in interviews conducted by a group of Lady Health Visitors who were participating in a project funded by the Canadian International Development Agency. Sixty-nine women ranging in age from 20 to 65 were interviewed. One-way analysis of variance revealed that the oldest group perceived themselves to have more power than the youngest group perceived themselves to have. Stepwise multiple regression indicated that the number of male children a woman had was predictive of the amount of power she perceived herself to have. The results are discussed in relation to existing literature on women and power in developing countries. Implications for further research on women's perceptions of power and health are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Drug advertisements and the medicalization of unipolar depression in women.

Unipolar depression occurs twice as frequently among women as among men, and the pharmacological industry maintains a massive advertising campaign that encourages psychiatric professionals to rely on antidepressant medication as the solution to this problem. The pictorial content of drug advertisements shows women as victims of depression. The social problems and situational stresses associated with unipolar depression are never shown, and depression is assumed to be a personal and biological illness, its etiology decontextualized. In these advertisements, women are not offered a choice between medical and nonmedical treatment and are not empowered to become more active participants in their health decisions. Therapists are urged to become alert to this oversimplification.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation by women consulting in a family planning centre of their risk of HIV infection.

In order to assess women's self-perception of their risk of infection by HIV, research was performed among 654 women who had consulted in a family planning centre in the Paris region. Of the 452 (69%) women who took part in this research, 77% considered themselves as 'not at risk of carrying the AIDS virus', 11% as 'at risk' and 12% did not give a specific answer. The most important risk factors noted by the patient and the doctor were found to be the number of partners, the use of syringes and the non- or faulty use of condoms. Estimates of the risk of infection by physicians had a high correlation with those of the women, although there were wide differences between the opinions of the six doctors involved. In one case out of three the doctors were unable to decide whether or not their patient was at risk. The evident difficulties experienced by these physicians show an urgent need for the development of specific medical training programmes. The seroprevalence of 2.4% of HIV infection among the women studied, and 1.1% of those who consulted during the study period, confirm the importance of carrying out specific studies on women consulting in family planning centres.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Social reform versus education reform: university nursing education in Canada, 1919-1960.

Nurses' struggle to attain educational parity with other professional groups is closely aligned with the struggle of women for social equality within Canadian institutions. The attempts of nursing educators to shift their perspective from social reform to educational reform and to develop nursing scholarship has been restricted by the cultural views of women. Consequently, nurses' gains in attaining higher education have been realized by reforms in social and health care policies thought suitable for women. With advancement in university nursing education closely tied to social reform, nurses were not expected, nor did they expect, to pursue scholarly enquiry or develop research endeavours. This paper suggests that the feminist movement offers nurses a social and psychological basis from which to complete the educational reform of nursing.

Canada↗
PubMed1992

Maternal employment and perceptions of young children: Bronfenbrenner et al. revisited.

238 mothers and 116 fathers provided checklist descriptions of their 3-4-year-old's behavior; a smaller sample of parents and teachers also assessed the child's behavior 2 years later. There was no evidence of a key finding from a related study by Bronfenbrenner, Alvarez, and Henderson linking part-time employment with more positive maternal perceptions of sons. Indeed, maternal employment (typically, conditioned by mothers' level of education and child gender) was more strongly associated with fathers' and teachers' perceptions of children than with mothers' perceptions, and, in some cases, especially with fathers' and teachers' perceptions of daughters. Fathers perceived their 5-6-year-old as having more problem behaviors when mothers were currently employed full time; fathers and teachers viewed children's behavior as more problematic when less-educated mothers had been employed during more years of the child's lifetime. Interpreting these and other findings, we emphasize differences between samples and changes in the ecology of family life. This study underscores the notion that socially "relevant" research is likely to be highly responsive to time and social context.

Analysis of Variance↗