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To explore possible mechanisms of the arachidonic acid deficiency of the red blood cell membrane in alcoholics, we compared the effect of ethanol and its oxidized products, acetaldehyde and peracetic acid, with other peroxides on the accumulation of [14C]arachidonate into RBC membrane lipids in vitro. Incubation of erythrocytes with 50 mM ethanol or 3 mM acetaldehyde had no effect on arachidonate incorporation. Pretreatment of erythrocytes with 10 mM hydrogen peroxide, 0.1 mM cumene hydroperoxide or 0.1 mM t-butyl hydroperoxide had little effect on [14C]arachidonate incorporation in the absence of azide. However, pretreatment of cells with N-ethylmaleimide, 0.1 mM peracetic acid or performic acid, with or without azide, inhibited arachidonate incorporation into phospholipids but not neutral lipids. In chase experiments, peracetate also inhibited transfer of arachidonate from neutral lipids to phospholipids. To investigate a possible site of this inhibition of arachidonate transfer into phospholipids by percarboxylic acids, we assayed a repair enzyme, arachidonoyl CoA: 1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine acyl transferase (EC 2.3.1.23). As in intact cells, phospholipid biosynthesis was inhibited more by N-ethylmalemide and peracetic acid than by hydrogen peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide, and t-butyl hydroperoxide. Peracetic acid was the only active inhibitor among ethanol and its oxidized products studied and may deserve further examination in ethanol toxicity.
In our experiments, peracetic acid--known in commerce as "Wolfasteril" was tested as a new and efficient disinfectant to disinfect sewage waters from rendering plants. Peracetic acid was used in experiments in concentration of 0.1 to 1.0% for 30 sec. to 60 min. As a comparative agent, 5% chloramine was used. Results obtained in preliminary and main experiments proved that peracetic acid is fully appropriate to disinfect biologically cleaned sewage waters in rendering plants. Sewage waters supplying the main stream has to pass mostly a short section after having left the water clarifier. Consequently, the concentration of 1% peracetic acid acting for 30 sec. is the optimum one. The recommendation of this application norm for peracetic acid in water clarifiers from rendering plants being at least suitable in controlling disasters.
In our experiments, peracetic acid -- known in commerce as "Wolfasteril" was tested as a new and efficient disinfectant to disinfect sewage waters from rendering plants. Peracetic acid was used in experiments in concentration of 0.1 to 1.0% for 30 sec. to 60 min. As a comparative agent, 5% chloramine was used. Results obtained in preliminary and main experiments proved that peracetic acid is fully appropriate to disinfect biologically cleaned sewage waters in rendering plants. Sewage waters supplying the main stream has to pass mostly a short section after having left the water clariflier. Consequently, the concentration of 1% peracetic acid acting for 30 sec. is the optimum one. The recommendation of this application norm for peracetic acid in water clarifiers from rendering plants being at least suitable in controlling disasters.
The efficiency of peracetic acid on drinking-water conservation and sterilization was investigated. It was determined in watering experiments that a starting concentration of 0.01-0.02% peracetic acid was required in order to guarantee the sterility of water and water-bottle for a duration of one week. As the applied peracetic acid concentration could be reduced by addition of organic substances such as saliva and stomach content, the possibility of peracetic acid resorption by the animal is negligible.
Peracetic acid is more and more used for the purpose of air desinfections in rooms. The examinations of DWORSCHAK and LINDE encouraged us to use peracetic acid in the rooms of creches in presence of children systematically. The applied concentration of peracetic acid is 4.6 mg/m3. With these examinations it was intended to prove if it is possible to influence the morbidity of acute respiratory diseases. Under the choosed conditions no side effects are observed over a time of twenty weeks. Publications concerning cocarcinogetic activity of peroxy compounds induced us to make a preliminary stop in the application of peracetic acid in presence of children. The number of diseases specially of respiratory diseases in the time of the examinations was very small. That concerns the examination groups and those compared with these. But nevertheless it is to be seen that the morbidity in the groups with application of peracetic acid is 3.5% and in the others 11.20%. The differences are significant. If the results concerning cocarcinogetic activity of peroxy compounds will be shure it is to decide whether the room desinfections will be continued in presence of children or not.
The antimicrobial properties of aqueous solutions of peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide have been compared. Peracetic acid exhibited excellent antimicrobial properties, especially under acidic conditions. Reductions by a factor of 10(6) in the numbers of vegetative bacteria are obtained within 1 min at 25 degrees C using a solution containing 1.3 mmol/l of peracetic acid. Rapid activity against bacterial spores and yeasts also occurs. Hydrogen peroxide is more effective as a sporicide than as a bactericide, with sporicidal action being obtained using a solution containing 0.88 mol/l. Bactericidal action is poor but hydrogen peroxide was bacteriostatic at concentrations above 0.15 mmol/l.
This paper reports the effectiveness of 0.1% (W/V) quinoline-8-ol, 0.5% (V/V) phosphoric acid and 0.5% (W/V) sodium pyrophosphate as stabilizers of stock solutions on peracetic acid. The three solutions were put separately as stabilizers into stock solutions of peracetic acid in the laboratory. They were stored at room temperature for approximately one year, and the percent of peracetic acid content was determined at regular intervals. Also, we made studies on different concentrations of phosphoric acid for different prescriptions of peracetic acid. The results show that 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.5% (V/V) phosphoric acid and 0.5% (W/V) sodium pyrophosphate were not effective stabilizers for the stock solutions of peracetic acid. Therefore, phosphoric acid or sodium pyrophosphate is not an effective stabilizer in stockpiling stock solutions of peracetic acid.
Peracetic acid Wofasteril) is increasingly made use of as a disinfecting fluid. Because of its high effectiveness it has found widespread use in medical practice. The action of Wofasteril on the oral mucosa during long-term action is studied by aid of an "oral tank". After a test period of 11 months peracetic acid only caused a slight ballooning of the superficial layers and enhanced vascularization of the submucous tissue. The results of the experiment suggest the intraoral administration of peracetic acid in oral surgery and stomatology.
Animal experimenters investigations on the influence of various solutions of peracetic acid on the epithelium of the urinary bladder were carried out on rabbits. The results of the experiments showed that solutions of peracetic acid up to 0.01% are tolerated nearly without any reaction also under extreme experimental conditions. Higher concentrations of active substances lead to considerable changes of the epithelium of the urinary bladder in form of partly focal, partly diffuse haemorrhagic necrotizing urocystitides. No differences were the result when the commercial 40 percent peracetic acid Wofasteril and a 20 percent peracetic acid without admixture of a stabilizer as primary solution were used. The possible application of peracetic acid as antiseptic for the mucous membrane is discussed.
The sporocidal properties of peracetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, chlorine, and formaldehyde were compared in vitro using a dilution-neutralization micromethod. A combination of peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide was also tested to assess their interactions. The activities of these agents, which are widely used as disinfectants, were evaluated against Bacillus spore isolates found on stored membranes and collection cultures. Peracetic acid and chlorine exhibited an excellent antimicrobial activity, with a destruction of 10(5) spores/mL after 5 min of contact. Generally the effects of the biocides tested were time dependent. The sporocidal activities of hydrogen peroxide and formaldehyde were the lowest. The combination of peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide, tested by a checkerboard micromethod, was found to be synergistic. The minimal sporocidal concentration (MSC) was established in terms of time for each biocide. The lowest MSC values for peracetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, chlorine, and formaldehyde were 168-336 ppm (1-2 h of contact), 5625-11250 ppm (5-7 h), 168-336 ppm (2-3 h), and 1875-3750 ppm (5-30 min), respectively. The MSC of a biocide combination of peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide showed that synergy was maintained with increasing contact time and that the MSC could be reduced by two to eight times when compared with those of the biocides alone. Optimal concentrations and contact times of those chemicals that were promising in vitro were then tested for their ability to disinfect ultrafiltration membranes. The sporocidal activities of peroxide compounds and chlorine were confirmed and the synergism between peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide was also maintained.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The bactericidal properties of peracetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, chlorine, and formaldehyde were compared in vitro using a rapid micromethod. A combination of peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide was also tested to assess interactions. The activities of these agents, which are widely used as disinfectants, were evaluated against water isolates and culture collection strains. Peracetic acid and chlorine exhibited an excellent antimicrobial activity, with a relatively rapid destruction of 10(5) bacteria/mL. The time-dependent bactericidal activities of hydrogen peroxide and formaldehyde were the lowest. The combination of peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide, tested by a checkerboard micromethod, was found to be synergistic. The minimal bactericidal concentration was established in terms of time for a given mixture of peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide. Determination of bactericidal concentrations showed that synergy was maintained with increasing contact time. Concentrations for minimal times of treatment by chemicals that provided interesting activities in vitro were tested for disinfection of ultrafiltration membranes. The bactericidal activities of peroxygen compounds were confirmed and synergism was maintained in working conditions. Chlorine showed a loss of efficacy when used on membranes.
The sporocidal properties of peracetic acid (PAA) at defined concentrations were characterized by determination of decrease in PAA after addition of D-glucose, human albumin and suspensions of spores; concentration of PAA, which inactivates 10(6)-10(7) spores of Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis, B. megaterium and B. licheniformis within 10-30 min; inactivation constant k, decimal reduction time D and the sporocidal index (mg PAA X min X ml-1) at that concentration. In contrast to albumin, the spore suspension caused relatively little reduction of PAA concentration (less than 5% at the concentrations used). B. cereus, B. subtilis and B. megaterium had similar inactivation rates with k-values in the range of 0.368 and 0.541 min-1, D-values between 4.26 min and 6.26 min at 0.2 mg/ml PAA. B. lichenformis was much more resistant showing a k = 0.345 min-1 and D = 6.66 min at 3.0 mg/ml PAA. The sporocidal index of B. lichenformis was 180 mg X min X ml-1 while the three other species had sporocidal index-values of 7 mg X min X ml-1.
The utility of peracetic acid for sterilization of serum and yeast extract additions to mycoplasma medium was studied by culturing six Mycoplasma species. Culture media containing additions that had been sterilized with peracetic acid proved to be as good as filtered components. The use of 0.05 to 0.1% peracetic acid is recommended to sterilize the serum and yeast extract additions since savings in time and equipment can be accomplished.
A transfer isolator is described which confines peracetic acid fumes used in the gnotobiotic operation of isolators. The use of this isolator protects both personnel and animals from contact with peracetic acid, provides additional isolator space and reduces wear on the gloves and sleeves of the main isolator.