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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Biochemical, enzymatic, and serological differentiation of Peptococcus indolicus (Christiansen) Sørensen from Peptococcus asaccharolyticus (Distaso) Douglas.

Peptococcus indolicus (formerly Micrococcus indolicus) is an asaccharolytic anaerobic coccus that is frequently isolated from udder secretions from cases of heifer and dry-cow mastitis (summer mastitis). To facilitate better identification and its differentiation from Peptococcus asaccharolyticus, a variety of biochemical, enzymatic, and serological properties were studied. Seventy-nine strains of P. indolicus of bovine origin and 10 strains of P. asaccharolyticus of human origin were examined using the API 20A and API-ZYM test kit systems. In addition, production of extracellular enzymes by using sensitive substrate-containing agar plate tests, production of peptocoagulase (a plasma-clotting factor), hemolytic properties, metabolic end products by gas chromatography, and serological characteristics with a set of P. indolicus typing antisera were investigated. P. indolicus and P. asaccharolyticus were not satisfactorily differentiated solely by the API 20A system. P. indolicus differed from P. asaccharolyticus in producing H(2)S, reducing nitrate to nitrite, producing peptocoagulase, possessing alkaline phosphatase, and producing large amounts of propionate from lactate. Moreover, none of the strains of P. asaccharolyticus was typable with the P. indolicus typing antisera. The majority (88%) of P. indolicus strains also gave weak hydrolysis of ribonucleic acid, and 6 out of 79 produced deoxyribonuclease. All strains in this study were sensitive to metronidazole (5 mug) by disk diffusion tests.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1979

Differentiation of Peptococcus and Peptostreptococcus by gas-liquid chromatography of cellular fatty acids and metabolic products.

Gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) profiles of cellular fatty acids and metabolic products were useful in identifying strains of Peptococcus saccharolyticus, Peptococcus asaccharolyticus, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Peptostreptococcus micros, and Streptococcus intermedius. The GLC results supported the recent taxonomic decision to transfer aerotolerant Peptostreptococcus species to the genus Streptococcus. Because inconsistencies in the results prevented our differentiating Peptococcus prevotii. Peptococcus magnus, and Peptococcus variabilis by GLC, additional strains will have to been examined. These GLC techniques are amenable to routine use; however, for interlaboratory results to be meaningful, the classification and nomenclature of the anaerobic gram-positive cocci should be standardized.

Amines↗
PubMed1977

Differentiation of several isolates of Peptococcus magnus by counterimmunoelectrophoresis.

Uniform sonicated suspensions of three clinical isolates of Peptococcus magnus that were morphologically, chromatographically, and biochemically identical were used to produce hyperimmune antisera in rabbits. Similar hyperimmune serum was prepared to a single strain of Peptostreptococcus anaerobius. When these antisera and antigens were tested by counterimmunoelectrophoresis, the three isolates of Peptococcus magnus were immunologically distinct. None of the antisera to Peptococcus magnus formed precipitin lines with Peptostreptococcus anaerobius.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Peptococcus heliotrinreducans, sp. nov., a cytochrome-producing anaerobe which metabolizes pyrrolizidine alkaloids.

Several strains of a new, obligately anaerobic, Gram-positive coccus were isolated from sheep rumen contents. An important distinctive feature was their reductive cleavage of hepatotoxic pyrrolizidines, using hydrogen gas or formate as hydrogen donor. With the same hydrogen donors, the organism reduced nitrate and fumarate. In all cases, the reductive metabolism formed part of an energy-giving sequence used by the organism for growth. This new coccus also utilized energy obtained by dissimilation of arginine. Enzymic hydrolysates of casein and yeast autolysate were satisfactory substrates for growth but no strain fermented carbohydrates. Ultrasonic extracts of the coccus contained a c-type cytochrome. The characteristics of the organism are consistent with its allocation to the genus Peptococcus within which it differs significantly from currently recognized species. The name Peptococcus heliotrinreducans is proposed for this new species, and a reliable method for isolating it is described.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1978

Individual differences in the bacterial flora of the skin of the forehead: Peptococcus saccharolyticus.

Peptococcus saccharolyticus was a numerically important constituent of the bacterial flora of the forehead of 20% of 40 subjects. 16 of these subjects were studied over periods of 12 to 54 mo. It was consistently absent from 12 subjects, was present on every test of 3 subjects, and constituted 96 to 100% of the total flora on 1 subject tested 8 times in a 16-month period. On the forehead of one subject, Peptococcus saccharolyticus was recovered in only 1 of 5 tests.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[The serological behaviour of the pyogenic anaerobes, Peptococcus asaccharolyticus and P. prevotii (author's transl)].

Using rabbit antisera against whole-cell adjuvant-free antigens, the serological behaviour of ten butyrate-producing Peptococcus strains, five belonging to P. asaccharolyticus and five to P. prevotii, was studied in cross-agglutination and gel-diffusion experiments. Agglutination occurred in all the homologous and nearly one third of the heterologous antigen-antibody systems. Cross-reactions, however, were clearly restricted to members of the same Peptococcus species.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1976

Fermentation of purines and their effect on the adenylate energy charge and viability of starved Peptococcus prévotii.

The principal products of endogenous metabolism of the obligate anaerobe Peptococcus prévotii were carbon dioxide, ammonia, acetate and butyrate, which are also produced by fermentation of nucleosides, purines and ribose, thus supporting our previous finding that RNA is the only cellular component to undergo substantial degradation under starvation conditions. Minor products were hydrogen, formate and propionate. The stoicheiometries of fermentation of xanthine, adenine, adenosine and ribose were determined. The ability to ferment exogenous nucleosides, purines and ribose declined rapidly on starvation, as did the ability to generate ATP from xanthine, and was paralleled by the loss of viability. However, addition of pulses of xanthine or adenine to organisms in the early stages of starvation sustained their adenylate energy charge and prolonged their viability. Evidence suggests that P. prévotii dies when its principal energy source (RNA) is depleted, and a possible explanation is that the transport function of the cytoplasmic membrane decays rapidly under these conditions so that, on transfer to a recovery medium, uptake of nutrients is inadequate to support growth.

Acetates↗
PubMed1978

Isolation and identification of Peptococcus saccharolyticus from human skin.

Peptococcus saccharolyticus was a numerically important organism on the forehead and the antecubital fossa of the arm of ca. 20% of the subjects studied. It was best detected by prolonged (4- to 7-day) anaerobic incubation on a suitably enriched medium but also appeared in smaller numbers in aerobic primary cultures after 4 to 7 days. Initial screening was based on growth patterns in shake cultures and on the relative amounts of growth on aerobic and anaerobic streak plates. The organism was nonhemolytic and usually catalase positive. It produced acid anaerobically from glucose, fructose, and glycerol, but not from maltose, and did not produce lactic acid from glucose.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1978

Peptocoagulase: clotting factor produced by bovine strains of Peptococcus indolicus.

The production of a clotting factor (peptocoagulase) by bovine clinical isolates of Peptococcus indolicus and its nature were investigated. Extracellular peptocoagulase was demonstrated in culture filtrates of 93% and cell associated with washed cell suspensions of 100% of the 75 isolates tested. Both citrated and heparinized plasma were clotted. Crude peptocoagulase was nondialyzable, precipitated with (NH4)2SO4 at 40% saturation, somewhat resistant to heating at both neutral and acid pH, and chloroform insoluble. Culture filtrate did not contain proteolytic activity with albumin and casein, as substrates and no esterase activity was detected with tosylarginine and benzoylarginine methyl esters as substrates. The clotting reaction required peptocoagulase, prothrombin, and fibrinogen. The activation of prothrombin appeared to involve a stoichiometric reaction with peptocoagulase, possibly by formation of a stable complex.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Infection of the foot with Peptococcus magnus.

Peptococcus magnus was the predominant organism in severe infections of the feet in three diabetic patients. In one patient the organism was found also in blood culture, and in two it was repeatedly recovered from the feet, usually in pure culture.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Infection of total hip prostheses by Peptococcus magnus: an immunofluorescence and ELISA study of two cases.

In two cases of infected total hip replacements, Peptococcus magnus was isolated in pure culture from the implant when it was removed. Fluorescent antibody and ELISA studies have shown that both patients developed an antibody response to this anaerobic coccus soon after the replacement operation. These results suggest that the organism is a true infective agent, which was probably responsible for the failure of the arthroplasty operation.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Structure of Peptococcus aerogenes ferredoxin. Refinement at 2 A resolution.

The model for ferredoxin from Peptococcus aerogenes, derived from a 2.8-A resolution map, has been refined with a 2-A resolution data set. The conventional index, R, decreased from 0.449 for the initial model to 0.188 for the unconstrained one and 0.206 for the constrained one. The standard deviations of the iron and sulfur atoms are 0.04 to 0.05 A and for the oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon atoms they range from 0.14 to 0.26 A. One hundred forty-six water oxygen atoms were included in the solvent part of the model and were checked by a highly selective criterion, suggesting that most of them represented water molecules.

Ferredoxins↗
PubMed1977

Susceptibility to erythromycin of anaerobes of the genera Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Sphaerophorus, Veillonella, Clostridium, Corynebacterium, Peptococcus, Peptostreptococcus.

The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of erythromycin were determined by broth dilution tests for 313 anaerobic strains, most of which were clinical isolates. All the gram-positive anaerobes tested (84 Peptococcaceae, including 21 Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and 15 Peptococcus variabilis; 65 Corynebacterium acnes and 29 Clostridium strains, including 13 C. perfringens) were sensitive (MIC values 0.012 through 3.12 microgram erythromycin/ml); so were 111 cultures of gram-negative anaerobes (52 Bacteroides fragilis, 12 B. thetaiotaomicron, 7 B. vulgatus, 13 B. oralis, 4 B. melaninogenicus, 10 Sphaerophorus necrophorus, 2 Veillonella sp., 11 members of other species). Erythromycin at concentrations of 6.25 through 200.0 microgram/ml was active against 24 strains (1 B. fragilis, 4 Fusobacterium fusiforme, 9 Sph. freundi, 10 Sph. varius). The present results are compared to the limited number of reports existing with regard to the susceptibility of anaerobes to erythromycin.

Bacteroides↗
PubMed1978

Studies on the mechanism of formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase. The Peptococcus aerogenes enzyme.

Two conflicting mechanisms have been proposed for formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase (EC 6.3.4.3). Detailed studies with a clostridial enzyme support a sequential mechanism, while a stepwise mechanism with formation of a dissociable intermediate has been proposed for the Peptococcus aerogenes synthetase. However, the data supporting the P. aerogenes mechanism were obtained using synthetase of questionable purity and the results supporting the mechanism could be attributed to contaminating activities. Consequently, uncertainty still exists with regard to the enzyme mechanism. To resolve this uncertainty, the P. aerogenes formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase has been purified to homogeneity and used in experiments to reinvestigate the reaction mechanism. The results of P1:ATP, ADP:ATP, and formate:10-formyltetrahydrofolate exchange experiments as well as a steady state kinetic analysis revealed no difference in the mechanisms of the P. aerogenes or clostridial synthetases. The results are inconsistent with a stepwise mechanism involving a dissociable intermediate and consistent only with a sequential mechanism.

Clostridium↗
PubMed1978

Assignment of the cysteinyl 13C nuclear magnetic resonances and comparison of other aliphatic amino acid resonances of Clostridium acidi-urici, Clostridium pasteurianum, and Peptococcus aerogenes ferredoxins.

13C NMR spectra of Clostridium acidi-urici, Clostridium pasteurianum, and Peptococcus aerogenes ferredoxins show that some 13C resonances of the aliphatic amino acid residues are shifted significantly from their corresponding resonance positions in the spectra of model polypeptides or apoferredoxin. Thirteen 13C resonances are shifted into the 80- to 120-ppm (from CS2) region, and have been assigned to the cysteinyl alpha and beta carbon atoms. The remaining shifted resonances in the 120- to 190-ppm region are tentatively assigned to amino acid residues that may be close to [4Fe-4S] clusters of the oxidized and reduced ferredoxins. The similarity in the shift pattern of the corresponding 13C resonances of the cysteinyl alpha and beta carbon atoms in the three ferredoxins studied suggests that the three-dimensional amino acid environments of the corresponding [4Fe-4S] clusters in each protein are similar.

Amino Acids↗