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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

Production and characterization of antibacterial compounds produced by Pediococcus damnosus and Pediococcus pentosaceus.

The broad-spectrum antibacterial activity exhibited by three Pediococcus strains isolated from beer was preliminarily characterized. Factors affecting the production rate of bacterial inhibitors were screened and the effects of simultaneous cultivation of Lactococcus and Pediococcus on the production of inhibitory substances were studied. The antibacterial activity against a range of Gram-negative test organisms was not affected by catalase or proteolytic enzymes and was extremely thermotolerant. Production of the inhibitors was maximal between pH 6 and pH 7. A growth medium containing unhopped end-fermented wort was beneficial for the production of inhibitors, particularly by the Pediococcus damnosus strain, and anaerobic growth conditions were preferable. The antagonistic activity against the Gram-negative test organism Salmonella infantis could be demonstrated after an incubation period of only 2 d if the Pediococcus and Lactococcus strains were incubated simultaneously as a mixed population.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1991

The effect of Pediococcus damnosus and Pediococcus pentosaceus on the growth of pathogens in minced meat.

The antibacterial effects of one strain of Pediococcus damnosus and two strains of Pediococcus pentosacaeus against Clostridium perfringens, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella infantis and Yersinia enterocolitica were investigated. Growth inhibition studies were conducted in juice from minced meat incubated at +6 degrees C and +15 degrees C for various periods after the inoculation with pediococci. Inhibitory effects were seen for all bacteria tested.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Resistance of Pediococcus cerevisiae to amethopterin as a consequence of changes in enzymatic activity and cell permeability. I. Dihydrofolate reductase, thymidylate synthetase and formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase in amethopterin-resistant and -sensitive strains of Pediococcus cerevisiae.

Pediococcus cerevisiae/AMr, resistant to amethopterin, possesses a higher dihydrofolate reductase (5, 6, 7, 8-tetrahydrofolate: NADP+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.5.1.3) activity than the parent, a folate-permeable and thus amethopterin-susceptible strain and than the wild-type. The properties of dihydrofolate reductase from the three strains have been compared. Temperature, pH optima, heat stability, as well amethopterin binding did not reveal significant differences between the enzymes from the susceptible and resistant strains. The enzyme from the wild-type was 10 times more sensitive to inhibition by amethopterin and more susceptible to heat denaturation. The apparent Km values for dihydrofolate in enzymes from the three strains were in the range of 4.8--7.2 muM and for NADPH 6.5--8.0 muM. The amethopterin-resistant strain exhibited cross-resistance to trimethoprim and was about 40-fold more resistant to the latter than the sensitive parent and the wild-type. The resistance to trimethoprim appears to be a direct result of the increased dihydrofolate reductase activity. Inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase activity by this drug was similar in the three strains. 10--20 nmol caused 50% inhibition of 0.02 enzyme unit. Trimethoprim was about 10 000 times less effective inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase than amethopterin. The cell extract of the AMr strain possessed a folate reductase activity three times higher than that of the sensitive strain. The activities of other folate-related enzymes like thymidylate synthetase and 10-formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase (formate: tetrahydrofolate ligase (ADP-forming), EC 6.3.4.3) were similar in the three strains studied.

Drug Resistance, Microbial↗
PubMed1993

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Pediococcus spp. and genetic basis of macrolide resistance in Pediococcus acidilactici HM3020.

We determined the MICs of 28 antimicrobial agents against 36 clinical strains of Pediococcus spp. (25 P. acidilactici, 9 P. pentosaceus, and 2 P. urinaeequi strains). Penicillin G, imipenem, gentamicin, netilmicin, erythromycin, clindamycin, rifampin, chloramphenicol, daptomycin, and ramoplanin were the most active. All strains of P. acidilactici were susceptible to novobiocin, whereas all isolates of P. pentosaceus were resistant. Novobiocin could therefore be helpful for differentiation of these two closely related species. P. acidilactici HM3020 was inducibly resistant to macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B-type (MLS) antibiotics. Resistance was due to a determinant homologous to ermAM and carried by a nontransferable 46-kb plasmid, pVM20. This plasmid was structurally distinct from two enterococcal MLS resistance plasmids, pIP819 and pAM beta 1. The 34 strains of P. acidilactici and P. pentosaceus were resistant to tetracycline, and total DNA of these strains did not hybridize to probes specific for tetK, tetL, tetM, and tetO.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1990

The phylogeny of Aerococcus and Pediococcus as determined by 16S rRNA sequence analysis: description of Tetragenococcus gen. nov.

The phylogenetic interrelationships of the genera Pediococcus and Aerococcus were investigated using reverse transcriptase sequencing of 16S rRNA. The genus Pediococcus was found to be phylogenetically heterogeneous. The four species P. acidilactici, P. damnosus, P. parvulus and P. pentosaceus formed a phylogenetically distinct group. Within this pediococcal cluster, P. acidilactici was closely related to P. pentosaceus whereas P. damnosus showed a specific relationship with P. parvulus. The species P. dextrinicus, although showing significant sequence relatedness with these pediococcal species, was peripheral to the genus. Pediococcus halophilus exhibited low sequence homology with all of the species examined and formed a distinct line of descent. Pediococcus halophilus exhibited a closer affinity with enterococci and carnobacteria than with the other lactic acid bacteria. Pediococcus urinae-equi was phylogenetically very closely related to Aerococcus viridans. The 16S rRNA sequences of the type strains of these species differed by only two nucleotides (99.9% sequence homology) and clearly demonstrate that P. urinae-equi is a member of the genus Aerococcus.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1997

Pediocin PD-1, a bactericidal antimicrobial peptide from Pediococcus damnosus NCFB 1832.

Pediocin PD-1, produced by Pediococcus damnosus NCFB 1832, is inhibitory to several food spoilage bacteria and food-borne pathogens. However, pediocin PD-1 is not active against other Pediococcus spp. and differs in this respect to other pediocins produced by Pediococcus acidilactici and Pediococcus pentosaceus. Production of pediocin PD-1 starts during early growth and reaches-a plateau at the end of exponential growth. Pediocin PD-1 was partially purified and its size was determined by tricine-SDS-PAGE as approximately 3.5 kDa. The isoelectric point (pI) of pediocin PD-1 is approximately 3.5, as determined with the Rotofor electrofocusing cell (BioRad). Pediocin PD-1 is heat-resistant (10 min at 121 degrees C) and remains active after 30 min of incubation at pH 2-10. Pediocin PD-1 is resistant to treatment with pepsin, papain, alpha-chemotrypsin and trypsin, but not Proteinase K. Pediocin PD-1 is bactericidal against sensitive cells of Oenococcus oeni (previously Leuconostoc oenos).

Bacteriocins↗
PubMed1994

[Microbiological and clinical studies of vancomycin resistant Leuconostoc spp. and Pediococcus spp. isolated from septicemia patients].

We described three septicemia cases in which blood cultures yielded gram-positive cocci identified as Leuconostoc spp. and Pediococcus spp. Patients were three male adults aged 63 to 71 years with severe underlying diseases, pancreatic cancer, esophageal cancer and diabetes mellitus with chronic renal failure. They had fever and chills at the onsets of septicemia with acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis, acute pneumonia, and infection complicated with invasion sites of esophageal cancer contagious to bronchus and subcutaneous tissue. Blood cultures yielded catalase and oxidase negative highly vancomycin-resistant (MIC: 1024 micrograms/ml <) gram-positive cocci showing alpha or gamma hemolysis on blood agar plates. Two cases were polymicrobial infections. In one case with esophageal cancer, clinical symptoms persisted after the start of antimicrobial chemotherapy and the patient died 10 days later associated with complications of esophageal cancer. Leuconostoc lactis, Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. dextranicum, and Pediococcus acidilactici wee identified by physiological reactions. These strains were also highly resistant to teicoplanin and fosfomycin, and tolerant to all rested beta-lactams such as benzylpenicillin. This is the first report in Japan to our knowledge on the identification of Leuconostoc spp. and Pediococcus spp. isolated from human infectious diseases.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Plasmid transfer in Pediococcus spp.: intergeneric and intrageneric transfer of pIP501.

Transfer of the broad-host-range resistance plasmid pIP501 from Streptococcus faecalis to Pediococcus pentosaceus and Pediococcus acidilactici occurred between cells immobilized on nitrocellulose filters in the presence of DNase. Expression of the pIP501-linked erythromycin and chloramphenicol resistance determinants was observed in transconjugants. Intrageneric transfer of pIP501 from a P. pentosaceus donor to various pediococcal recipients occurred at frequencies of 10(-4) to 10(-7) transconjugants per input donor cell. Intergeneric transfer of plasmid pIP501 from P. pentosaceus to S. faecalis, Streptococcus sanguis (Challis), and Streptococcus lactis was observed. Similar mating experiments showed no evidence for the transfer of the broad-host-range R-plasmid pAM beta 1 to Pediococcus spp. recipients.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1992

Monoclonal antibody-colony immunoblot method specific for isolation of Pediococcus acidilactici from foods and correlation with pediocin (bacteriocin) production.

BALB/c mice were immunized with broken, heat-killed cells of Pediococcus acidilactici H. After murine cell fusions, one monoclonal antibody (MAb), Ped-2B2, was selected on the basis of its positive reaction with seven of seven strains tested in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with whole cells of P. acidilactici. The MAb Ped-2B2 did not show any cross-reactions with other lactic-acid bacteria or other gram-positive or gram-negative organisms. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot (immunoblot) analysis of surface proteins of P. acidilactici indicated that Ped-2B2 reacted with a protein of 116 kDa. MAb Ped-2B2 was used as a probe to isolate Pediococcus species from fermented-meat products by colony immunoblotting. A total of 18 Ped-2B2-reactive Pediococcus spp. isolates were isolated from eight food samples and assayed for bacteriocin production. All of the isolates produced bacteriocins which were heat stable, proteinaceous, and inhibitory to Lactobacillus plantarum NCDO 955. Biochemical characterization of these isolates indicated that they were all P. acidilactici.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Changes in membrane fatty acid composition of Pediococcus sp. strain NRRL B-2354 in response to growth conditions and its effect on thermal resistance.

Membrane fatty acid composition and thermal resistance (D value) of Pediococcus sp. were determined for mid-exponential-phase (ME) and stationary-phase (ST) cells grown in tryptic soy broth (TSB) and tryptone-glucose-yeast extract (TGY) at 28 and 37 degrees C. As the cells entered the stationary phase of growth, the unsaturated fatty acid, C18:1 n11c, produced during the exponential phase of growth was converted to its cyclic form, C19:0 Delta9c. This shift in membrane fatty acid composition was accompanied by an increase in the D values of this bacterium. Data from this study suggest that the membrane fatty acid composition of Pediococcus sp. is dependent on the growth conditions and that membrane fatty acid composition plays a critical role in thermal resistance. Thermal inactivation curves of Pediococcus sp. cells grown in TGY at 28 degrees C indicated the presence of a cell population that is heterogeneous in thermal resistance. The growth of this bacterium in TGY at 37 degrees C and in TSB at 28 and 37 degrees C resulted in cell populations that were uniform in thermal resistance with a lag time for thermal inactivation. Thermal inactivation curves of ME and ST cultures were similar. The data presented here suggest that the cell population's uniformity of thermal inactivation is independent of the growth phase of the culture.

Cell Membrane↗
PubMed1999

Characterization and identification of Pediococcus species isolated from forage crops and their application for silage preparation.

Pediococcus species isolated from forage crops were characterized, and their application to silage preparation was studied. Most isolates were distributed on forage crops at low frequency. These isolates could be divided into three (A, B, and C) groups by their sugar fermentation patterns. Strains LA 3, LA 35, and LS 5 are representative isolates from groups A, B, and C, respectively. Strains LA 3 and LA 35 had intragroup DNA homology values above 93.6%, showing that they belong to the species Pediococcus acidilactici. Strain LS 5 belonged to Pediococcus pentosaceus on the basis of DNA-DNA relatedness. All three of these strains and strain SL 1 (Lactobacillus casei, isolated from a commercial inoculant) were used as additives to alfalfa and Italian ryegrass silage preparation at two temperatures (25 and 48 degrees C). When stored at 25 degrees C, all of the inoculated silages were well preserved and exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) reduced fermentation losses compared to that of their control in alfalfa and Italian ryegrass silages. When stored at 48 degrees C, silages inoculated with strains LA 3 and LA 35 were also well preserved, with a significantly (P < 0.05) lower pH, butyric acid and ammonia-nitrogen content, gas production, and dry matter loss and significantly (P < 0.05) higher lactate content than the control, but silages inoculated with LS 5 and SL 1 were of poor quality. P. acidilactici LA 3 and LA 35 are considered suitable as potential silage inoculants.

Colony Count, Microbial↗
PubMed1998

Influence of growth medium on thermal resistance of Pediococcus sp. NRRL B-2354 (formerly Micrococcus freudenreichii) in liquid foods.

Pediococcus sp. is a nonpathogenic heat-resistant spoilage organism that has been used as a test organism in milk pasteurization studies. These characteristics make this bacterium an attractive test organism to study the mode of bacterial thermal inactivation in a food pilot plant. We report here the effect of growth medium on the thermal D value of this organism in skim milk, whole liquid egg, 10% glucose solution, pineapple juice, apple juice, tomato juice, and water at 60 degrees C. Thermal inactivation was done in a submerged coil; D values were calculated from the linear portion of the survival curves by linear regression analysis. The range of D values of stationary-phase cells grown at 28 degrees C in tryptone glucose yeast extract (TGY) or tryptic soy broth (TSB) was 0.14 to 12.05 min in all heating menstrua tested. The TSB-grown cells exhibited the highest thermal resistance with skim milk and 10% glucose solution as the heating menstrua. Survival curves of the TGY-grown cells indicated the presence of a cell population heterogeneous in thermal resistance. The TSB-grown cells exhibited a cell population uniform in thermal resistance and with a lag time for thermal inactivation. When compared to TGY-grown cells, Pediococcus sp. grown in TSB showed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in D values by up to eightfold in all heating menstrua. Results from this study suggested that thermal inactivation of Pediococcus sp. was dependent on the growth medium and on the heating menstruum with respect to both pH and composition.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Metabolism of dihydroaminopterin and the influence of aminopterin and related derivatives on the metabolism of (-)-5-formyl-tetrahydrofolic acid in Pediococcus cerevisiae.

[3H]Dihydroaminopterin, but not [3H]methotrexate or [3H]aminopterin, was rapidly taken up by resting cell of Pediococcus cerevisiae and inhibited the uptake of (-)-5-formyl-tetrahydrofolic acid to more than 90% at a concentration of 25 muM. On the other hand 5-formyl-tetrahydrofolic acid inhibited the uptake of dihydroaminopterin to a similar extent. Dihydroaminopterin was metabolized by Pediococcus cerevisiae, but not by Lactobacillus casei, to a compound tentatively identified as dihydroaminopterin diglutamate. Methotrexate or aminopterin at a concentration of 25 muM did not inhibit the uptake of 5-formyl-tetrahydrofolic acid in Pediococcus cervisiae, but inhibited the conversion of this compound to polyglutamate forms almost completely at a level of 2.5 mu M.

Aminopterin↗
PubMed2000

Cloning and expression of a plasmid-linked pediocin determinant trait of Pediococcus acidilactici F.

Plasmid DNA from Pediococcus acidilactici F was prepared by lysozyme-mutanolysin method and purified by cesium chloride-ethidium bromide (CsCl-EtBr) density gradient ultracentrifugation. Agarose gel electrophoresis of plasmid DNA and plasmid-curing experiments suggested that bacteriocin activity was harboured on a small plasmid of approximately 9.1 kb (kilobasepair) in Pediococcus acidilactici F. Plasmid encoding bacteriocin production in P. acidilactici F was examined for restriction enzyme cleavage patterns and its map has been constructed. An Escherichia coli strain transformed with the recombinant plasmid, pQE322, produced and, most probably, secreted pediocin F.

Bacteriocins↗
PubMed1994

Pediocin A, a bacteriocin produced by Pediococcus pentosaceus FBB61.

Pediocin A, a bacteriocin produced by Pediococcus pentosaceus FBB61, was purified and partially characterized. The purification was achieved by dialysis against PEG 20,000, butanol extraction and electroendosmotic preparative electrophoresis. The protocol led to a 7843-fold increase in the specific activity, with 3.9% activity recovered. SDS-PAGE of pediocin A resulted in a single 80 kDa protein band. The antimicrobial compound was sensitive to proteolytic enzymes and heat (10 min at 100 degrees C). It exhibited inhibition against species of Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, Listeria and Clostridium.

Bacteriocins↗
PubMed1995

Functional analysis of the pediocin operon of Pediococcus acidilactici PAC1.0: PedB is the immunity protein and PedD is the precursor processing enzyme.

The bacteriocin pediocin PA-1 operon of Pediococcus acidilactici PAC1.0 encompasses four genes: pedA, pedB, pedC and pedD. Transcription of the operon results in the formation of two overlapping transcripts, probably originating from a single promoter upstream of pedA. The major transcript comprises pedA, pedB, and pedC, while a minor transcript encompasses all of these genes and pedD. By deletion analysis and overexpression of pedB in Pediococcus pentosaceus we demonstrate that this gene encodes the pediocin PA-1 immunity protein. Prepediocin is active in Escherichia coli and when pedA was expressed concomitantly with pedD both the precursor and the mature form of pediocin were observed intracellularly. Extracellular pediocin was only detected if both pedC and pedD were present. The N-terminal domains of PedD and a subgroup of bacteriocin ABC-transporters are conserved. Expression of only this domain of PedD in cells producing prepediocin was sufficient for prepediocin processing. From these results we conclude that both PedC and PedD are essential for pediocin transport, and that PedD is capable of processing prepediocin.

ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters↗
PubMed1995

pUCL287 plasmid from Tetragenococcus halophila (Pediococcus halophilus) ATCC 33315 represents a new theta-type replicon family of lactic acid bacteria.

A cryptic plasmid, pUCL287, was isolated from Tetragenococcus halophila (Pediococcus halophilus) ATCC 33315. It had a theta-type mechanism of replication in its natural host. Its minimal replicon, Rep287, was isolated on a 1.6-kb EcoRI fragment. The Rep287 host range included the genera Pediococcus, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus and Leuconostoc but not genus Lactococcus. Plasmids hybridizing to pUCL287 are rare among lactic acid bacteria. As assessed by hybridization, Rep287 is dissimilar to pAM beta 1, pIP501 and pUCL22, representatives of the most common theta-type replicon groups in Gram-positive bacteria. Therefore, pUCL287 appears to represent a new theta-type replicon family from lactic acid bacteria.

Base Sequence↗