The distinction between pastoral care, pastoral counselling and psychotherapy.
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Counseling↗
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[Pastoral care. 6. Pastoral care for the seriously ill and dying patients].
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Attitude to Death↗
Pastoral care's role in a reformed system. Pastoral care professionals need to promote the spiritual dimension of healing throughout the continuum of care.
The emerging structure of healthcare delivery is challenging many elements of traditional pastoral care. With these changes, how can pastoral care professionals be on the cutting edge of tomorrow's pastoral care ministry? Pastoral care givers must understand that the individual with holistic needs will be at the center of the reformed healthcare system. All providers will share the responsibility and financial risk of providing high-quality care to each client. Pastoral care departments will need to develop systems to objectively measure the quality of their spiritual and religious care services, as well as patient or client satisfaction. Pastoral care professionals must take the lead in developing a vision of spiritual care that reflects the new paradigm of integrated delivery. They must also share the vision of integrated spiritual care with opinion leaders who can be advocates for an expanded vision of pastoral and spiritual care within the network. Ideally, faith communities should be centers for care, healing, and wellness, with hospitals as extensions of those communities. Within such a network, pastoral care givers can organize programs, workshops, and retreats around spirituality and wellness as part of the faith community's mission. In addition, pastoral care professionals can help clients learn about themselves and their life-styles and make healthier choices. Pastoral care givers need to recognize that within brokenness there is also wholeness, wisdom, and new opportunities. When we are free of our own agenda, we can empower others. Together, with God's grace, pastoral care givers can shape a new future and make it happen.
Chaplaincy Service, Hospital↗
The 1979 CHA survey of pastoral care programs.
Pastoral care programs have grown and matured in the 10 years since The Catholic Hospital Association and the National Association of Catholic Chaplains issued their "Guidelines for Establishing a Department of Religion in a Catholic-Sponsored Hospital." CHA's 1979 survey of 370 institutions points out that while pastoral care departments are recognized as important, budgets for personnel and programs are unrealistic. The shortage of pastoral care personnel is an acute challenge to Catholic facilities, and alternative staffing methods must be sought.
Budgets↗
Pastoral care of problematic Alzheimer's disease and dementia affected residents in a long-term care setting.
Pastoral caregivers face many challenges in providing ministry to institutional persons with dementia. This article describes the psychosocial perspective of Bowlby concerning the management of persons with dementia and a pastoral care ministry based on it. Specific pastoral programs and interventions are described. The article contains four case studies and concludes with reflections concerning the chaplain's ministry.
Aged↗
Creative models of spiritual care. As healthcare delivery changes, pastoral care departments must explore alternative staffing approaches.
Recognizing changes are coming to the healthcare delivery system, pastoral care departments are developing a new vision of spiritual care. As they educate and hire staff, many directors are finding that alternative staffing approaches can help them make the transition. Flexible schedules for pastoral care professionals improve the care they deliver and enhance morale. Restructuring responsibilities within the department and giving some patient populations priority can be helpful. Some facilities share chaplains' time to minimize on-call burden; others are increasingly using supervised volunteers. Pastoral care givers who are specialists in areas such as mental health and chemical dependency can often perform certain functions traditionally performed by other professionals. By assigning chaplains to a product or service line, pastoral care departments can improve the continuity of care patients receive. As parishes' role in the healing ministry takes on new meaning, healthcare institutions' pastoral care staff can help initiate and develop new parish services or provide assistance that complements existing parish efforts.
Appointments and Schedules↗
The Eucharist in health care settings: some pastoral care issues.
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Catholicism↗
The home health care agency: a new setting for pastoral care.
Summarizes the development of the pastoral care service within the Visiting Nurse Association of Martin and St. Lucie Counties in Florida. Describes the home health agency as an appropriate setting for pastoral care and discusses the needs of home health patients and families. Provides an outline of the role and function of the Pastoral Care Coordinator. Notes the effectiveness of pastoral care within the home health care setting.
Community Health Nursing↗
Pastoral care and the market economy: time-limited psychotherapy, managed care, and the pastoral counselor.
Discusses the development and popularity of short-term psychotherapy in relationship to the burgeoning field of managed health care. Views the role of pastoral counseling, pastoral counseling training, and the pastoral counselor in the context of the market economy of managed care. Claims that there is an incompatibility of pastoral counseling with managed behavioral health care, and calls for the return of pastoral counseling to the church.
Counseling↗
Cancer nurses' perspectives on spiritual care: implications for pastoral care.
Explores nurses' perspectives regarding collaboration with chaplains and clergy in the provision of spiritual care to persons with cancer. Reports results of a survey via questionnaire of a random sample of Oncology Nursing Society members. Concludes that although a majority of the respondents report referring patients in spiritual need to clergy and chaplains, a significant minority did not do so. Notes that results secured from these respondents bring to surface several aspects of the collaborative relationship between nurses and chaplains and clergy.
Attitude of Health Personnel↗
The renaissance of pastoral care.
Administrators are finding pastoral care has a future, and a vital one. Without question, the chaplaincy of the future will not be the same as the chaplaincy of the past. Its theology will remain a constant, and its roots will hold fast, but the services will change, along with the healthcare environment in which it operates. If it wants to be an integral part of the clinical team, pastoral care must address three critical areas: spirituality, outreach, and accountability. Healing is spiritual. The meaning and purpose patients find in life, as well as their involvement with the spiritual, are key healing indicators in their treatment. As the spirituality movement articulates its value within the practice of medicine, pastoral care departments are likely to be its principal catalysts. Pastoral care departments are reassessing their ability-and the need-to see every patient, and instead are identifying those patients who will most benefit from pastoral intervention. At the same time, pastoral care services are extending beyond the hospital and will be based in many other settings in the future. If pastoral care hopes to be indispensable in the healthcare setting, it must demonstrate that it makes a contribution and a difference. This requires developing and applying clinical standards to its ministry, as well as creating an empirical data base to substantiate the efficacy of pastoral care interventions.
Chaplaincy Service, Hospital↗
Personal traits, communication skills for effective pastoral care.
If as pastoral care personnel we are to be compassionate companions of the sick, we should cultivate a number of personal characteristics and communication skills that will make our ministry most effective. By the same token, certain common characteristics and communication styles should be eschewed because they make our ministry ineffective. Being comfortable with feelings--our own as well as others'--helps patients feel free to share their emotions and troubles. Similarly, being aware of--and accepting--our personal identity is requisite to accepting and affirming others. Such negative personal traits as a poor self-image and a high need for control, on the other hand, can keep interactions with patients superficial. Communication styles--positive and negative--flow from personality traits, and it is important to work on both communication and personality at the same time. The pastoral care person should develop skills in attending, "door-opening," and responding, even as he or she strives to eliminate such detrimental practices as "sending solutions," evaluating the other person, and reassuring the person prematurely.
Communication↗
Pastoral care personnel have prophetic role.
Pastoral care ministers must look to the prophet's role in the Old and New Testaments to establish their own prophetic mission in health care facilities. After evaluating whether their own department acts justly, competently, and compassionately, pastoral care givers must hold themselves accountable to the signs of authentic prophecy: being motivated by love, being critical to promote constructive change, and being willing to confront others' resistance. Then the pastoral care team can begin collaborating with peers to provide a more healing environment for all staff and patients. This can be done by being available to help staff with problems, influencing policymaking, and using ministerial skills when giving sacramental care to patients. Pastoral care persons can link the facility to the outside community by finding ways to reach the needy and to address residents' unmet health needs. Eventually the pastoral care staff and their peers can work toward an active response to social justice. The challenge of being prophets requires pastoral care personnel to confront problems courageously and take advocacy positions while always showing compassion.
Altruism↗
Pastoral care: marketing "high touch".
Marketing pastoral care skills is important both within and without the health care organization. To increase administrators' awareness of the value of the pastoral care department, for example, chaplains must be able to demonstrate that their activities can affect the bottom line. They must therefore develop a system of accountability that defines and measures their services in objective terms. Such a system would include the reporting of monthly visit statistics as well as the collection of data from patients and personnel on the adequacy of pastoral care services. Other awareness-building activities could include participation in nursing practice rounds, in-service presentations, involvement in hospital social events, and placement of articles about pastoral care in hospital publications. Activities that would help to foster good community relations and thereby improve census include participation in the area clergy association, work with local church groups that visit the sick and the homebound, providing speakers to community organizations, and sponsoring a memorial Mass for families of patients who have died at the hospital. Pastoral care staff should not feel threatened by the changing health care environment. Instead they must recognize the opportunity it provides to create ways to minister to a new mix of patients and to reach new groups.
Catholicism↗
Pastoral care, spirituality, and religion in palliative care journals.
With the growth and development of palliative care, interest in pastoral care, spirituality, and religion also seems to be growing. The aim of this article is to review the topic of pastoral care, spirituality, and religion appearing in the journals of palliative care, between January 1984 and January 2002.
Adaptation, Psychological↗
Spiritual care needs of hospitalized children and their families: a national survey of pastoral care providers' perceptions.
OBJECTIVE: Although spirituality is viewed as a vital aspect of the illness experience by most Americans, little is known about this domain of pediatric health care. The objective of this study was to profile pastoral care providers' perceptions of the spiritual care needs of hospitalized children and their parents, barriers to better pastoral care, and quality of spiritual care in children's hospitals. METHODS: A cross-sectional mail survey was conducted of pastoral care providers at children's hospitals throughout the United States, with a 67% response rate from 115 institutions. RESULTS: Respondents estimated that, among patients they visited, 34% were chronically ill and 21% were clearly dying. Half or more of patients were thought to have spiritual care needs regarding feeling fearful or anxious, coping with pain or other physical symptoms, and regarding their relationship to their parents or the relationship between their parents. Among patients' parents, 60% to 80% were estimated to have felt fearful or anxious, had difficulty coping with their child's pain or other symptoms, sought more medical information about their child's illness, questioned why they and their child were going through this experience, asked about the meaning or purpose of suffering, and felt guilty. Respondents agreed on 3 barriers to providing spiritual care: inadequate staffing of the pastoral care office, inadequate training of health care providers to detect patients' spiritual needs, and being called to visit with patients and families too late to provide all the care that could have been provided. Overall, respondents judged that their hospitals were providing 60% of what they deemed as ideal spiritual care. CONCLUSIONS: Pastoral care providers believe that the spiritual care needs of hospitalized children and their parents are diverse and extensive. With system-level barriers cited as limiting the quality of spiritual care, considerable improvement may be possible.
Adaptation, Psychological↗
Tailoring pattern of pastoral care. Five models for achieving quality.
Facilities can restructure pastoral care delivery in a number of ways without sacrificing quality. Five models for pastoral care services attempt to define and evaluate what "quality" in pastoral services means: The departmental model offers a formal pattern of defined relationships within the pastoral care department and requires a certified director and properly trained and certified staff. The shared services model provides for one pastoral care director serving several facilities in close proximity. A pastoral services advisory council, consisting of community members, identifies and recruits pastoral care staff, participates in program development and implementation, and creates appropriate models of evaluation. In the contractual services model, members of local churches or organizations with trained ministers contract to provide pastoral care. The pedagogical model employs either a certified clinical pastoral education supervisor or a trained pastoral professional who educates and supervises pastoral care staff and students. The model of pastoral care delivery must fit a particular facility or community's needs and finances, with an honest, fair, and qualitative assessment of a facility's pastoral care strengths and weaknesses together with an acknowledgement and realization of pastoral care trends.
Chaplaincy Service, Hospital↗
Pastoral care - the intrusion of pastoral services.
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Ethics↗