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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

[Parasitological results of a medico-anthropological research-work at the Azande in northeast-Zaire (author's transl)].

Among 165 examined Azande 118 (71.5%) were found with intestinal helminthic infections: Hookworm (69.1%), Schistosoma mansoni (13.9%), Trichuris trichiura (4.2%), Ascaris lumbricoides (1.2%), Strongyloides stercoralis (0.6%). The intradermal Schistosoma test with a commercial antigen preparation was positive in 63.3% of 147 examinees. Protozoa-excretions were found in 62.2% of 151 examines: E. histolytica (27.2%), E. hartmanni (13.2%), E. coli (24.5%), Jodamoeba buetschlii (7.3%), Endolimax nana (1.3%), Lamblia intestinalis (17.2%). Microfilariae were found in 87 of 165 blood-smears (52.7%). The positive diagnoses increased with the age of the examinees. 73.8% of 141 examinees showed an increase of eosinophilic granulozytes up to 11-29%, and 7.8% up to more than 30%. The reliability of the methods used to conserve the test material under extreme conditions as well as the connection between ethnographical situations and the detected parasites are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in Georgia cattle.

A survey of gastrointestinal nematodes in Georgia cattle was conducted from 1968 through 1973 from actual worm counts from viscera of 145 slaughtered beef cattle or from egg counts made from fecal samples from 3,273 beef and 100 dairy cattle. Beef cattle were grouped as calves, yearlings, and cows. Dairy cattle were grouped as calves, replacement heifers, and cows. Results of fecal examinations positive; 99.5, 99.3, 99.6, and 41.2% of the calves, yearlings, drylot calves, and cows, respectively, were infected with nematodes. Seventy-four percent of the eggs counted were of the Cooperia-Ostertagia - Trichostrongylus complex (C-O-T) and 21% were of the Haemonchus-Oesophagostomum complex (H-O). Sixty-nine percent of the infective larvae recovered from coprocultures made from composite samples were of Ostertagia ostertagi. Moniezia (tapeworm) eggs were seen in 16% of all the samples, more predominantly in the calves (24%) and less in the cows (smaller than 1%). Oocysts of Eimeria spp were detected in 61% of the cattle, more predominantly in younger cattle. All cattle necropsied were infected with O ostertagi. Other nematodes present, in order of decreasing frequency, were Trichostrongylus axei (97%), Haemonchus placei (66%), Cooperia punctata (63%), Cooperia oncophora (61%), Oesophagostomum radiatum (61%), Bunostomum phlebotomum (55%), Trichostrongylus colubriformis (36%), Cooperia pectinata (28%), Trichuris spp (17%), Nematodirus spathiger (9%), and Capillaria bovis (4%). Tapeworms were also recovered from 19% of the cattle at necropsy. Seventy-eight percent of the dairy cattle were positive; 98% of the calves, 80% of the heifers, and 58% of the cows. Cooperia-Ostertagia-Trichostrongylus eggs were detected in 78% and H-O eggs in 38% of the cattle. Eimeria oocysts were detected in 71% of all the dairy cattle, and Moniezia eggs were in 10% of the calves and 7% of the heifers.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Enterotoxin-producing bacteria and parasites in stools of Ethiopian children with diarrhoeal disease.

Enterotoxinogenic bacteria were isolated from 131 (37%) of 354 Ethiopian infants and children with acute gastrointestinal symptoms. Only one of these isolates belonged to the classical enteropathogenic serotypes of Esch. coli. Two colonies from each patient were isolated and tested for production of enterotoxin by the rabbit ileal loop test, the rabbit skin test, and an adrenal cell assay. However, only 38% of the isolated enterotoxinogenic strains were Esch. coli; the others belonged to Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Proteus, Citrobacter, Serratia, and Aeromonas. In 18 patients both isolates were toxinogenic and belonged to different species. The incidence of intestinal parasites was 35% with no apparent correlation to the occurrence of toxinogenic bacteria in the stools.

Biological Assay↗
PubMed1975

Parasitology survey in the Palu Valley, central Sulawesi (Celebes), Indonesia.

A survey was undertaken in the Palu Valley, Central Sulasesi to determine whether schisto somiasis japonica was endemic in the area and to determine the prevalences rates of intestinal and blood parasites. Seven villages along the Palu River drainage system with an estimated popualtion of 18,700 were surveyed and 2,433 stools, 3,651 blood smears and 1,167 sera were collected and examined.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Studying the faeces for the presence of parasites in horses and ponies (author's transl)].

In 3,791 horses and ponies submitted to the Department of Internal Disease of Farm Animals of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht, the faeces were studied for the presence of parasites. The results were classified by age groups and months of arrival. Eggs of the Strongylus type were found to be present in 57.3 per cent of the faecal samples, eggs of Parascaris equorum were present in 6.1 per cent, eggs of Oxyuris equi in 1.2 per cent, eggs or larvae of Dictyocaulus arnfieldi in 0.2 per cent, eggs of Anoplocephala in 2.5 per cent and oocysts of Eimeria leuckarti in 0.3 per cent. Eggs of Strongyloides westeri were found to be present in 56.4 per cent of the foals under six months and in 12.3 per cent of those in the 6-12 month range. Eggs of Fasciola hepatica were observed in 0.6 per cent of the faecal samples of horses and ponies over twelve months of age (3,340). The highest proportion of faecal samples containing eggs of the Strongylus type was recorded in Augusts (65.2 per cent), whereas this proportion was 52.4 and 50.7 per cent respectively in April and October. Eggs of O. equi, eggs or larvae of D. arnfieldi and oocysts of E. leucarkti were not observed in horses and ponies over ten years of age. On the other hand, eggs of P. equorum were still found to be present in animals up to fifteen years of age.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Epidemiology of poly-parasitism. III. Effects on the diagnostic capacity of immunological tests.

The paper describes some effects of interaction between different types of parasitic infections on the diagnostic capacity of immunological tests for parasitic diseases. Examples shown include an analysis of association for anergy to tuberculin in skin tests of individuals with and without skin manifestations of onchocerciasis; skin tests with P. westermani and C. sinensis antigens to detect double infections in patients harbouring both trematodes; geographical evaluation of the sensitivity of the complement fixation (CF) test for schistosomiasis with S. mansoni antigen between different communities in Chad; reduced sensitivity of the CF test for schistosomiasis in patients with confirmed schistosomiasis who have also onchocerciasis; studies on the specificity of the slide flocculation (SF) test for schistosomiasis in relation to specified intestinal parasites and to the presence of antibodies to E. granulosus and T. spiralis in villages of Afghanistan; and a study of association between poly-parasitism and anticomplementary activity in the sera of population samples from the African Savannah. The combined investigations indicate that there are large dissimilarities in test performance between communities with different disease spectra and nutritional status. The findings suggest that polyparasitism interferes with immunodiagnostic tests both directly through cross-reactions with antigens and antibodies and indirectly through its effects on nutrition and on mechanisms affecting the complement system. Large scale screening for parasitic diseases with immunodiagnostic tests in areas in which the medical problems are not well-known should be prededed by a small, well-planned pilot study in which the relative sensitivity and specificity of the test can be determined before its use in extensive population studies.

Afghanistan↗
PubMed1979

Chemotherapeutic effects of 4-isothiocyanato-4'-nitrodiphenylamine (C9333-Go/CGP 4540) on infections with Nematospiroides dubius, Hymenolepis diminuta, Hymenolepis nana and Spirometra mansonoides.

4-Isothiocyanato-4'-nitrodiphenylamine possessed anthelmintic activity against Nippostrongylus dubius and Hymenolepis nana in mice and H. diminuta in rats as determined by both egg counts and recovery of parasites at autopsy. No activity was detected against the cestode. Spirometra mansonoides, in cats.

Aniline Compounds↗
PubMed1975

The equine practice laboratory.

The authors discuss the value of a practice laboratory to the equine clinician and its priorities. Laboratory examinations of particular value are described in relation to their clinical application. The need to establish normal values according to laboratory and horse population is stressed. Tables of normal parameters related to age groups of horses in the authors' practice are presented.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1976

Larva currens. Cutaneous strongyloidiasis.

Strongyloides stercoralis causes a distinctive form of cutaneous larva migrans that is recognized as larva currens. The rapid rate of intracutaneous migration, the cutaneous localization, the chronicity of recurrence, and the frequency of urticarial reaction justify its presentation as a clinically distinguishable form of creeping eruption. This clinical complex should be identified as a cutaneous sign of systemic disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Quantification of infection with Schistosoma haematobium in relation to epidemiology and selective population chemotherapy. I. Minimal number of daily egg counts in urine necessary to establish intensity of infection.

The intensity of infection with Schistosoma haematobium (worm burden) can be approximated by quantifying the number of parasite eggs excreted in the urine. A new method of egg counting has been developed in which urine samples are passed through transparent Nuclepore filters (Nuclepore Corp., Pleasanton, Calif.). The method requires no staining, is rapid, and can be performed in the field. It has previously been reported, however, that there is a significant daily fluctuation in output of eggs in the urine of patients with schistosomiasis haematobia. In the present study, daily urine samples were obtained on each of the 10 school days during a 12-day period from 121 schoolchildren in Coast Province, Kenya (total, 10 samples per child). In terms of detecting infection, it was of interest that egg counts of 0 were very rarely recorded for subjects whose mean egg counts were greater than 20/10 ml of urine. When the patients were classified into one of four groups, according to egg count (less than 1, 1--100, 101--400, greater than 400), the proportion correctly classified based on a single urine specimen was 75%; this proportion rose to 78% when the classification was based on two specimens and to 83% with three specimens. Most of the urine specimens that were misclassified belonged in an adjacent group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Phase 1 tolerability and searching dose studies with 4-isothiocyanato-4'-nitrodiphenylamine (C.9333-Go/CGP 4540), a new anthelmintic.

1 Phase 1 and 2 studies were carried out in thirteen volunteers and thirty patients with hookworm anaemia with a new anthelmintic, 4-isothiocyanato-4'-nitrodiphenylamine (C.9333-Go/CGP 4540). Single and multiple doses were administered by mouth under careful supervision by the staff of the clinical pharmacology unit. 2 4-Isothiocyanato-4'-nitrodiphenylamine (C.9333-Go/CGP 4540) was well tolerated in volunteers up to a single dose of 1750 mg and in patients up to 3000 mg in divided doses. Side effects were rare, transient and mild. One patient had moderate giddiness for 24 h after the compound. The laboratory investigations did not show any adverse effects on organ functions. Transient non-specific changes in the T-wave were occasionally observed in the e.c.g. 3 Multiple doses (125 mg, 250 mg or 1000 mg X 3) of the compound were highly effective in eradicating hookworm infection, as judged by almost 100% reduction in faecal egg counts and significant recovery of parasites from 24 h stool samples. The compound also showed activity against A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura and E. vermicularis. The compound appears to be promising and more studies, in a field situation, are desirable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Human intestinal helminthiases in East Timor.

In a study of 210 people from all age groups in the Venilale District of East Timor, 49% had Ascaris lumbricoides, 1% Trichuris trichiura and 67% hookworm infection. There were high Ascaris infection rates among some of the children, but the Trichuris and hookworm rates were almost uniformly low. The factors responsible for these rates are enumerated, and the complex interaction of the factors is discussed. The relative lack of shade and the well-drained limestone soil are probably in large measure responsible for the generally low helminth prevalence. Ascaris was the principal cause of eosinophilia. It was not possible to relate any other haematological or serological findings to the helminths. Apart from the high Ascaris infections in young children, it is not thought that these helminths constitute a heatlh problem.

Adolescent↗