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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1975

Obstetrical paralysis.

Most patients with obstetrical paralysis have some useful functional return, and early recognition and treatment help prevent rapidly developing shoulder contractures. Initial physical therapy includes passive range of motion exercises. Fixed contractures must be released prior to reconstructive surgery designed to improve funtion. An approach to the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of obstetrical paralysis is given.

Birth Injuries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Posterior dislocation of the humeral head in association with obstetric paralysis.

Twelve children with obstetric paralysis were diagnosed as having a posterior dislocation of the humeral head. The diagnosis was suspected on clinical grounds and confirmed by computed tomography (CT) scans in all cases. All 12 patients were treated with open reduction via an anterior approach. The age range at the time of surgery was from 7 months to 7 years (average, 2 years and 3 months). All patients were immobilized in a shoulder spica for 6 weeks and a further 6 weeks in an orthosis. All patients were examined by CT scans in the postoperative period, which confirmed a satisfactory reduction in all cases. With a minimal follow-up of 12 months, there have been no redislocations. This article demonstrates that dislocation of the shoulder in association with obstetric paralysis is not rare, as previously described, and shows that once diagnosed, the dislocation can be satisfactorily treated by a single anterior open reduction of the shoulder.

Child↗
PubMed1984

[Clinical study of cross-reinnervation in obstetrical paralysis].

It is known that cross-reinnervation occurs when regenerating nerve fibers recombine in brachial plexus injury, especially in obstetrical paralysis. This cross-reinnervation causes abnormal contraction in many muscles simultaneously during voluntary movement. To date, however, little has been reported on its pathophysiology, severity and prognosis. In order to clarify these problems, 362 cases of obstetrical paralysis were studied clinically and electromyographically, and abnormal muscle contractions during voluntary movement were analyzed. The results are as follows; Cross-reinnervation is seen in most cases which have suffered from transection or severe injury near the transection of the nerve fibers (including that in the neural tube), and which have got recovery better than manual muscle testing grade (2) "poor". Cross-reinnervation is caused by cross-reinnervation of nerve fibers which regenerate in the wrong muscles. Muscle contraction occurring in many muscles simultaneously is different from co-ordinate movement. Other paradoxical muscle action is found besides that of contraction. Cross-reinnervation can be classified into the following types by the muscle groups showing the contraction. Deltoid m., biceps brachii m. type, Deltoid m., biceps brachii m., triceps brachii m. type, Biceps brachii m., triceps brachii m. type, Deltoid m., biceps brachii m., triceps brachii m., forearm mm. type, Deltoid m., biceps brachii m., forearm mm. type, Biceps brachii m., triceps brachii m., forearm mm. type, Triceps brachii m., forearm mm. type. Abnormal muscle activity caused by cross-reinnervation is found from 4-6 months after nerve recovery from Wallerian degeneration, and it does not improve, but physical therapy or operative treatment can bring improvement in daily activities. Clinical severity of cross-reinnervation is correlated to the severity of paralysis and in proportion to the ratio of normally recovered nerve fibers and cross-reinnervated nerve fibers. It suggests that cross-reinnervation is caused by the discordant recovery from injury of nerve fibers in the brachial plexus. The site of cross-reinnervation depends on the severity of paralysis. Usually it spreads from the 5th and 6th cervical nerve roots to the upper trunk, medial trunk, posterior cord and lastly to the lower trunk and medial cord, determined by the severity of paralysis. This agrees with the way of spreading of obstetrical paralysis.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1991

[The incidence and prognosis of obstetric paralysis of the upper extremity].

A total of 122 babies with birth paralysis of the arm were treated at the department for diseases of the newborns in 1984-1987 in the town of Yaroslavl. The incidence of this suffering has made up 1.5 per 1000 of babies born alive. Characterization of the pregnancies, deliveries, and the newborns is presented. Risk factors in respect of such paralyses are distinguished. Late results of conservative treatment were followed up in 80 cases. Functional and cosmetic aftereffects of birth paralyses were seen in 27.5% of cases.

Arm Injuries↗