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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1964

[Studies on paragonimiasis in Ko-Hoong County, Korea (Report 1.): An epidemiologic survey for human paragonimiasis by the use of intradermal screening test]

Authors carried out the survey for human paragonimiasis in Ko-Hoong County, Chun-Nam Province, Korea from July to September 1964 by the use of intradermal screening test with Veronal buffered saline antigen. Eight myuns (village) out of 13 myuns of this county were selected for the survey, regarding balanced selection. The number of 2,916 primary school children of high class and 764 residents of all age groups in these areas were examined (total 3,680; male 1,961; female 1,719). The following results were obtained in this survey. 1) As a whole, 20.1 per cent of the examiners showed positive reaction, with sexual difference of 20.9 per cent in male and 19.1 per cent in female. 2) In regional differences of positive rate, the highest rate(50.1 per cent) was showed at Po-Doo myun and lowest rate(3.6 per cent) was showed at Do-Yang myun. 3) In age group, the highest positive rate was showed in 16 to 20 age group (46.7 per cent). 4) In regional comparison of paragonimiasis infectivity of whole nation (province and county), Ko-Hoong County as nearly same as the Hea-Nam County, Chun-Nam Province follows next of Cheju Province, the highest prevalance area of paragonimiasis in Korea, in concentration of prevalence of paragonimiasis.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Retroperitoneal paragonimiasis: a case of ectopic paragonimiasis presenting as periureteral masses.

We describe a case of retroperitoneal paragonimiasis presenting as periureteral masses. CT showed a conglomerate of enhancing nodules with subtle low attenuation in the center at the left iliac fossa and clustered, ring-like, enhancing lesions at the left renal hilum. When a retroperitoneal conglomerate of ring-like, enhancing lesions in association with pleuropulmonary disease suggestive of paragonimiasis can be found in endemic regions or in migrants from those regions, one may expect ectopic-retroperitoneal paragonimiasis.

Abdomen↗
PubMed2002

Pulmonary paragonimiasis misdiagnosed as tuberculosis: with special references on paragonimiasis.

The diagnosis of tuberculosis by X-ray radiogram is often confused with pulmonary carcinoma, bacillary and parasitic infections, and chronic mycosis. A case of pulmonary paragonimiasis misdiagnosed as tuberculosis by X-ray radiogram is reported. With this case, the smears of sputum were rechecked by an inspection technician's discernment, and Paragonimus eggs along with numerous eosinophils and Charcot-Leyden crystals were detected. In suspected cases of tuberculosis, a history of crab-eating plus sputum examinations, image findings, and serodiagnosis are necessary to rule out paragonimiasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Endemic human paragonimiasis in Equatorial Guinea. Detection of the existence of endemic human paragonimiasis in Equatorial Guinea as a result of an integrated sanitary programme.

Between February and April 1990 the first five cases of human paragonimiasis, tentatively due to Paragonimus africanus, have been detected in Equatorial Guinea, thanks to the normal activities of the National Schistosomiasis Project and its coordination with the National Tuberculosis Project.

Equatorial Guinea↗
PubMed1992

[A case of Paragonimiasis westermani with pleural effusion eight months after migrating subcutaneous induration of the abdominal wall].

Patients with Paragonimiasis westermani show a typical ring form or nodular shadow on chest X-ray, cough, sputum, and hemosputum. Recently, case reports of Paragonimiasis westermani, accompanied by pneumothorax and pleural effusion, as for Paragonimiasis miyazakii, have been increasing. Paragonimus westermani often causes an ectopic infection in various organs such as the peritoneal cavity, pleural cavity, pericardium, liver, adrenal gland and brain. Cutaneous paragonimiasis is considered one of the typical forms of ectopic infection in its earlier phase, but a few unexpected cases of cutaneous Paragonimiasis westermani have also been reported. A 68-year old man, who had never eaten fresh-water crab or raw sliced meat of wild boar, noticed subcutaneous induration of the abdominal wall. The induration had been gradually moving upwards and to the right from the infraumbilical region for over 20 days, and then disappeared at the right upper lateral abdominal wall. Eight months later, he developed severe pain in the right lower chest, and a chest X-ray showed right pleural effusion. Laboratory examinations revealed eosinophilia (WBC 3940/mm3, eosinophil 9%), elevated ESR, and an elevated serum total IgE level (5517 IU/ml). Ouchterlony's double diffusion test performed with the patient's serum in agarose showed strong bands toward Paragonimus westermani antigen, compared to Paragonimus miyazakii antigen. Immunoelectrophoresis with the patient's serum showed specific bands toward Paragonimus westermani antigen. This patient was finally diagnosed as having Paragonimiasis westermani infection, and he responded to praziquantel administration. The clinical course of this patient appears to be rare in cases of Paragonimiasis westermani infection. The clinical course of this case resembled some cases of Paragonimiasis miyazakii infection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1983

[An Epidemiological Study Of Human Paragonimiasis By Means Of Micro-ELISA]

As epidemiological parameters of human paragonimiasis, the positive rates of intradermal test and the sputum/stool examination have long been employed in population surveys. However, both the specificity of the intradermal test and the sensitivity of sputum/stool examination have been gradually declined as the endemicity was lowered; thus the gap between above two parameters widened. In such context, the development of a new epidemiological parameter or tool which makes it possible to accurately discriminate the active paragonimiasis cases was necessary. In the present study, the detection rate of Paragonimus-specific IgG antibody by micro-ELISA was evaluated as an indicator of epidemiologic status of human paragonimiasis in a population. A total of 4,285 students and inhabitants living in Bukpyeong Myeon and Bukil Myeon, Haenam Gun, Jeonlanam Do was surveyed in October 1983 by intradermal test first. Out of them, 244 case (5.7 %) were found positively reacted to VBS antigen of P. wetermani. Out of 168 positive reactors, 7 cases (4.2 %) were egg positive either by two times of sputum examination or by one stool examination. That indicated that only 0.16 % of total surveyed were confirmed as active paragonimiasis by egg detection. When sera collected from 239 positive reactors of intradermal test were tested by micro-ELISA for their specific IgG antibody, 40 cases (16.7 %) were found to be positive. All of 7 eggs positive cases were again positive for specific IgG antibody. Among remaining 232 intradermal test positive cases, 33 cases were positive for IgG antibody. In contrast to those, none of 42 positive reactors to intradermal test for Clonorchis and of 128 intradermal test negative cases showed positive for Paragonimus- specific IgG antibody. The rate of specific IgG antibody as detected by micro-ELISA appeared to be increased with the wheal size of the intradermal test. When the wheal size was over 13 mm in diameter, about 50 % of them were positive for specific IgG antibody. Thirty-one specific antibody positive cases were clinically evaluated by laboratory examinations (repeated sputum examination, peripheral eosinophil count and chest roentgenogram) and by history taking. Out of them 24 cases were associated with one or more positive laboratory findings; thus considered as active paragonimiasis cases. Out of 7 lab. finding-free cases 3 revealed past history of typical paragonimiasis symptoms, suggesting that they were in chronic or in convalescent stages. The remaining 4 cases were considered as either mild or ectopic infection cases; the possibility of cross-reaction with other helminthiases could not be ruled out. From the above results, it was inferred that the detection of Paragonimus-specific IgG antibogy by micro-ELISA was very much helpful in detecting the active cases as well as in proper evaluation of the endemicity of human paragonimiasis in a population. The convenience of mass handling of sera in micro-ELISA was considered another superiority as an epidemiologic tool.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Elevated IL-5 levels in pleural fluid of patients with paragonimiasis westermani.

To investigate the pathogenic mechanisms of eosinophilic pleural effusion in patients with paragonimiasis, we measured the levels of IL-5, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in pleural effusions. Samples were obtained from 11 patients with Paragonimus westermani infection. In addition, samples from 12 patients with pleural transudates, 16 with tuberculous pleurisy, seven with empyema and 20 with lung cancer were also examined. Eosinophilia was remarkable in peripheral blood (range 4-34%, median 23.4%) and pleural fluid (range 0-95%, median 71%) of paragonimiasis patients. IL-5 concentrations in pleural effusions of paragonimiasis were markedly higher than those in other groups. Although marked elevation of GM-CSF and IFN-gamma levels was observed in pleural effusion of empyema and tuberculosis patients, it was marginal in the pleural effusion of paragonimiasis patients. In paragonimiasis patients, IL-5 levels in the pleural effusion correlated well with the percentage of eosinophils in peripheral blood and pleural fluid. Such a correlation was not observed between GM-CSF levels in pleural effusion and percentages of eosinophils in pleural fluid or peripheral blood. Our findings suggest that in paragonimiasis IL-5 in the local inflammatory site is particularly important in mediating eosinophilia in peripheral blood and pleural effusion.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Pleural paragonimiasis in a Southeast Asia refugee.

We report a Laotian patient with pleural paragonimiasis who did not have the usual diagnostic triad for this parasitic disease. He did not have chronic hemoptysis (considered by many to be an "invariable" finding), there were no pulmonary infiltrations, and stool and sputum examinations did not yield Paragonimus ova. The diagnosis was made on the basis of ova found in the pleural fluid. Paragonimiasis pleural effusion did not resolve with bithionol, the drug of choice for pulmonary paragonimiasis, and, as a result, chest tube drainage was required. The difference between pleural paragonimiasis and pulmonary paragonimiasis is that the classic clinical presentation of the latter (hemoptysis, ova in sputum and stools, lung infiltration, etc.) requires an intrapulmonary location on the parasite. A search for ova in the pleural fluid may be the only diagnostic tool for patients suspected of pleural paragonimiasis. With the influx of Southeast Asia refugees, this case report may be of relevance to U.S. physicians involved in the care of patients in whom not all chronic pleuropulmonary diseases are tuberculous.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Cerebral paragonimiasis in early active stage: CT and MR features.

OBJECTIVE: Diagnosis of cerebral paragonimiasis in its early active stage is important because curative chemotherapy is possible. Accordingly, this study was undertaken to evaluate the CT and MR features of early active cerebral paragonimiasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the CT scans (n = 29) and MR images (n = 7) of the brain in 20 patients between 7 and 59 years old who had cerebral paragonimiasis in the early active stage. The diagnosis was based on a positive antibody test by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for paragonimiasis in serum and CSF. The diagnosis was confirmed surgically in seven patients. RESULTS: The most common and characteristic imaging finding was a conglomerate of ringlike enhancing lesions (grape-cluster appearance) with surrounding edema in one cerebral hemisphere in 11 patients (55%). Other nonspecific findings included a solitary ringlike lesion (n = 4) or irregular enhancing lesions (n = 2), localized hemorrhage with (n = 3) or without (n = 2) enhancing lesions, and a poorly defined non-hemorrhagic, nonenhancing lesion (n = 1). CONCLUSION: CT and MR findings of clustered ring-enhancing lesions, seen in approximately half of the cases of early cerebral paragonimiasis, are suggestive of cerebral paragonimiasis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Studies on clinical manifestations, diagnosis and control of paragonimiasis in China.

Paragonimiasis is a common parasitic zoonosis in China. Its clinical manifestations may be classified into two clinical entities, eg, paragonimiasis westermani type and paragonimiasis szechuanensis type. The latter mainly manifests as trematode larva migrans. The immunodiagnostic methods frequently used in the diagnosis of paragonimiasis are intradermal test, CFT and ELISA. The detection of circulating antigens in patients has been used in China for diagnosis and bithionol and praziquantel are drugs of choice in the treatment of paragonimiasis. Combined measures including mass survey, mass treatment and health education have been found to be effective in the control of paragonimiasis in China.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Immunoglobulin E: raised levels in sera and pleural exudates of patients with paragonimiasis.

Serum IgE concentrations of patients with paragonimiasis were determined by a radioimmunosorbent test. The mean concentration was 3,462.3 IU/ml in a group of 13 cases of paragonimiasis miyazakii in which patients showed clinical symptoms and/or positive immunological diagnostic tests, and 1,026.6 IU/ml in a control group of 13 individuals who had eaten uncooked freshwater crabs, Potamon dehaani, but had been found to be free from the infection. Moreover, the IgE level of the pleural exudates obtained from four patients with paragonimiasis miyazakii on the day of bleeding or within several days after was significantly higher than that of their sera, ranging between 4,200 IU/ml and 10,000 IU/ml. This was true also in a case of paragonimiasis westermani. Sera and pleural exudates of patients with both forms of paragonimiasis were applied to immunosorbent columns of Sepharose 4B beads coupled with saline extracts of Paragonimus miyazakii, P. weetermani, or P. ohirai. IgE eluted from the corresponding column was considered to be specific, being around 5% to 10% of the total IgE.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Cerebral Paragonimiasis.

The first case of cerebral paragonimiasis was reported by Otani in Japan in 1887. This was nine years after Kerbert's discovery of the fluke in the lungs of Bengal tigers and seven years after a human pulmonary infection by the fluke was demonstrated by Baelz and Manson. The first case was a 26-year-old man who had been suffering from cough and hemosputum for one year. The patient developed convulsive seizures with subsequent coma and died. The postmortem examination showed cystic lesions in the right frontal and occipital lobes. An adult fluke was found in the occipital lesion and another was seen in a gross specimen of normal brain tissue around the affected occipital lobe. Two years after Otani's discovery, at autopsy a 29-year-old man with a history of Jacksonian seizure was reported as having cerebral paragonimiasis. Some time later, however, it was confirmed that the case was actually cerebral schistosomiasis japonica. Subsequently, cases of cerebral paragonimiasis were reported. However, the majority of these cases were not confirmed histologically. It was pointed out that some of these early cases were probably not Paragonimus infection. After World War II, reviews as well as case reports were published. Recently, investigations have been reported from Korea, with a clinicla study on 62 cases of cerebral paragonimiasis seen at the Neurology Department of the National Medical Center, Seoul, between 1958 and 1964. In 1971 Higashi described a statistical study on 105 cases of cerebral paragonimiasis that had been treated surgically in Japan.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using cysteine proteinase antigens for immunodiagnosis of human paragonimiasis.

An enzyme-linked immunsorbent assay (ELISA) using worm extract antigens from lung flukes of Paragonimus westermani provided good sensitivity to sera from patients with paragonimiasis westermani but high cross-reactivity with sera from most fascioliasis patients and some patients with onchocerciasis or clonorchiasis. To improve the specificity, we tested an ELISA using fluke cysteine proteinases as antigens. Cysteine proteinases were partially purified from the excretory/secretory products of P. westermani by 40-75% ammonium sulfate fractionation, hydrophobic chromatography, and arginine affinity chromatography. An ELISA using the enzyme preparation not only had increased sensitivity to paragonimiasis westermani sera but also reduced cross-reactivity with the fascioliasis, onchocerciasis, and clonorchiasis sera to negligible levels. The reactivity of the ELISA to paragonimiasis miyazakii sera was similar to that of paragonimiasis westermani sera. A proteinase preparation from P. ohirai, which can be obtained easily from infected rats, provided similar results. Therefore, the ELISA using cysteine proteinases of Paragonimus could not distinguish the parasite species with which patients were infected, but it is a valuable assay with which to immunodiagnose paragonimiasis even when the proteinases are prepared from nonhuman species.

Animals↗